You are here

It takes two to tango: the toxin-chaperone relationship

Download pdf | Full Screen View

Date Issued:
2019
Abstract/Description:
Cholera toxin (CT) enters the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis and travels in a retrograde fashion to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The catalytic A1 subunit (CTA1) is then displaced from the rest of the holotoxin, unfolds, and is exported to the cytosol where it regains an active conformation for the ADP-ribosylation of its G-protein target. We have shown that the cytosolic chaperones Hsp90 and Hsc70 are required for CTA1 translocation to the cytosol. We have also shown that both are able to independently bind and refold CTA1. Using libraries of CTA1-derived peptides, we have identified a single Hsc70 binding site, YYIYVI (CTA1 83-88), within the 192 amino acid protein, as well as two distinct Hsp90 binding sites: an N-terminal RPPDEI (CTA111-16) motif and a C-terminal LDIAPA (CTA1 153-158) motif. The LDIAPA motif is unique to CTA1, but an RPPDEI-like motif is present in four other ER-translocating ADP-ribosylating toxins: pertussis toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, and Salmonella typhimurium ADP-ribosylating toxin. Using site-directed mutagenesis to further investigate the RPPDEI motif, we found that a modification of either proline residue blocks CTA1 translocation to the cytosol. Our work has identified, for the first time, specific amino acid sequences that are recognized by Hsp90/Hsc70 and are essential for toxin translocation from the ER to the cytosol. CT does not require prolyl isomerases for cellular activity, as is the case for Hsp90-dependent endosome-translocating toxins. We therefore hypothesize that the one or both of the prolines within the RPPDEI motif of CTA1 undergo an isomerization event as CTA1 unfolds in the ER. Furthermore, we predict that the trans- to cis- conformational change of proline(s) is the molecular determinate for the atypical Hsp90 interaction observed with CTA1 and related toxins. Additionally, we have identified Hsp90 and other host factors required for the translocation of pertussis toxin.
Title: It takes two to tango: the toxin-chaperone relationship.
30 views
10 downloads
Name(s): Kellner, Alisha, Author
Teter, Kenneth, Committee Chair
Moore, Sean, Committee Member
Cole, Alexander, Committee Member
Harper, James, Committee Member
University of Central Florida, Degree Grantor
Type of Resource: text
Date Issued: 2019
Publisher: University of Central Florida
Language(s): English
Abstract/Description: Cholera toxin (CT) enters the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis and travels in a retrograde fashion to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The catalytic A1 subunit (CTA1) is then displaced from the rest of the holotoxin, unfolds, and is exported to the cytosol where it regains an active conformation for the ADP-ribosylation of its G-protein target. We have shown that the cytosolic chaperones Hsp90 and Hsc70 are required for CTA1 translocation to the cytosol. We have also shown that both are able to independently bind and refold CTA1. Using libraries of CTA1-derived peptides, we have identified a single Hsc70 binding site, YYIYVI (CTA1 83-88), within the 192 amino acid protein, as well as two distinct Hsp90 binding sites: an N-terminal RPPDEI (CTA111-16) motif and a C-terminal LDIAPA (CTA1 153-158) motif. The LDIAPA motif is unique to CTA1, but an RPPDEI-like motif is present in four other ER-translocating ADP-ribosylating toxins: pertussis toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, and Salmonella typhimurium ADP-ribosylating toxin. Using site-directed mutagenesis to further investigate the RPPDEI motif, we found that a modification of either proline residue blocks CTA1 translocation to the cytosol. Our work has identified, for the first time, specific amino acid sequences that are recognized by Hsp90/Hsc70 and are essential for toxin translocation from the ER to the cytosol. CT does not require prolyl isomerases for cellular activity, as is the case for Hsp90-dependent endosome-translocating toxins. We therefore hypothesize that the one or both of the prolines within the RPPDEI motif of CTA1 undergo an isomerization event as CTA1 unfolds in the ER. Furthermore, we predict that the trans- to cis- conformational change of proline(s) is the molecular determinate for the atypical Hsp90 interaction observed with CTA1 and related toxins. Additionally, we have identified Hsp90 and other host factors required for the translocation of pertussis toxin.
Identifier: CFE0007661 (IID), ucf:52500 (fedora)
Note(s): 2019-08-01
Ph.D.
Medicine, Biomedical Sciences
Doctoral
This record was generated from author submitted information.
Subject(s): Cholera toxin -- pertussis toxin -- Hsp90 -- Hsc70 -- chaperone -- toxin
Persistent Link to This Record: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007661
Restrictions on Access: campus 2022-08-15
Host Institution: UCF

In Collections