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Title: PREDICTING INTENTIONS TO DONATE TO HUMAN SERVICE NONPROFITS AND PUBLIC BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS USING A REVISED THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR.
Creator: Brinkerhoff, Bobbie, Kinnally, William, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Different types of nonprofit organizations including human service nonprofits like homeless shelters, public broadcasting organizations, and the like thrive on donations. Effective fundraising techniques are essential to a nonprofit's existence. This research study explored a revised theory of planned behavior to include guilt and convenience in order to understand whether these factors are important in donors' intentions to give. This study also examined the impact of two different kinds of...
Show moreDifferent types of nonprofit organizations including human service nonprofits like homeless shelters, public broadcasting organizations, and the like thrive on donations. Effective fundraising techniques are essential to a nonprofit's existence. This research study explored a revised theory of planned behavior to include guilt and convenience in order to understand whether these factors are important in donors' intentions to give. This study also examined the impact of two different kinds of guilt; anticipated guilt and existential guilt to determine if there was any difference between the types of guilt and the roles that they play as predicting factors in a revised TPB model. This study also explored how human service nonprofits and public broadcasting organizations compare in the factors that help better predict their donating intentions. An online survey was administered to a convenience sample, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine significant predicting factors within each revised TPB model. This study confirmed that the standard theory of planned behavior model was a significant predictor of intentions to donate for donors of both human service nonprofits and public broadcasting organizations. However, in both contexts, not all traditional factors of the TPB model contributed to the donation intentions. This study also provides further evidence that guilt can increase the predictive value of the standard TPB model for both types of nonprofits. Anticipated guilt more specifically, was a significant predicting factor for donors' intentions to give to public broadcasting organizations. In contrast, convenience did not affect the explanatory power of the TPB model in either context. The TPB models for the two nonprofits are compared and theoretical and practical explanations are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0004000, ucf:49178
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004000

Title: MEDIA EFFECTS ON BODY IMAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL INFLUENCES: WHAT MATTERS MOST?.
Creator: VanVonderen, Kristen, Kinnally, William, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Media effects on body dissatisfaction is a long-studied issue; however, aspects of the research - such as those regarding cultivation theory and its effects on body image - are unclear or incomplete. This study attempts to clarify the relationship between cultivation and body dissatisfaction. Besides cultivation, social comparison theory is also examined because upward comparisons with media images and peers can shape and reinforce body image attitudes as well. Additionally, the study...
Show moreMedia effects on body dissatisfaction is a long-studied issue; however, aspects of the research - such as those regarding cultivation theory and its effects on body image - are unclear or incomplete. This study attempts to clarify the relationship between cultivation and body dissatisfaction. Besides cultivation, social comparison theory is also examined because upward comparisons with media images and peers can shape and reinforce body image attitudes as well. Additionally, the study examines the connection between media and body dissatisfaction by looking at a broader social context - one that includes other social/environmental influences, such as peer and parental attitudes, as well as internal influences such as self-esteem. A sample of 285 female undergraduate students completed media exposure, parental influence, peer influence, and self-esteem measures, as well as internalization of the thin-ideal and body dissatisfaction measures. Overall, the study found that while peer comparisons and self-esteem are associated with internalization of the thin ideal, they are not as powerful as the most significant indicators - media attitudes regarding weight and body shape and media comparisons. Contrastingly, peer comparisons and self-esteem were observed to be the strongest indicators of body dissatisfaction. These findings suggest that cultivation is directly associated with the internalization of the thin ideal. However, the cultivation of media messages may not have a direct effect on body dissatisfaction, as social/environmental influences and the internal variable of self-esteem proved to be the most significant indicators.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0003995, ucf:48676
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003995

Title: Holding off on the fun stuff: Academic media multitasking and binge watching among college students.
Creator: Merrill, Kelly, Rubenking, Bridget, Kinnally, William, Sellnow, Deanna, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: College students are often faced with the temptation of engaging in academic media multitasking and binge watching or completing their academic coursework in a timely and effective manner. A quantitative survey (N = 651) explored trait individual differences in self-control and academic delay of gratification and situational individual differences in enjoyment, reward, procrastination, regret, and guilt as predictors of academic media multitasking frequency, binge watching frequency, and...
Show moreCollege students are often faced with the temptation of engaging in academic media multitasking and binge watching or completing their academic coursework in a timely and effective manner. A quantitative survey (N = 651) explored trait individual differences in self-control and academic delay of gratification and situational individual differences in enjoyment, reward, procrastination, regret, and guilt as predictors of academic media multitasking frequency, binge watching frequency, and binge watching duration. Stepwise regressions reveal that self-control is not a predictor of these media behaviors, while age and greater enjoyment were the only predictors of academic media multitasking and gender and greater enjoyment were the only predictors of binge watching duration. On the other hand, the other five variables provided insight on what predicted binge watching frequency: academic delay of gratification, reward, procrastination, regret, and guilt. Greater self-control also led to greater academic delay of gratification. Lastly, there were small positive correlations between all of the media behaviors except for academic media multitasking and binge watching frequency. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007053, ucf:51989
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007053

Title: Bending the Binary: Effects of Nonbinary Gender Media Representations on Disposition Formation and Media Enjoyment.
Creator: Higley, Diana, Kinnally, William, Sandoval, Jennifer, Hanlon, Christine, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Today, the issue of gender plays a larger role in our social discussions than in the past. Over the last decade, new and groundbreaking television shows and movies that showcase gender nonconforming characters and plots that challenge traditional gender roles have become more common. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential effects of gender-neutral representations in media programming and particularly whether different representations of gender might influence audience...
Show moreToday, the issue of gender plays a larger role in our social discussions than in the past. Over the last decade, new and groundbreaking television shows and movies that showcase gender nonconforming characters and plots that challenge traditional gender roles have become more common. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential effects of gender-neutral representations in media programming and particularly whether different representations of gender might influence audience attitudes toward characters and overall enjoyment of the media. Affective Disposition Theory and Moral Foundations Theory were used as a framework for understanding people's perceptions of gender-neutral media characters. The project involved a pretest/posttest experimental method with random assignment of participants to one of three conditions. Participants completed a pretest including measures of moral modules and trait empathy among other characteristics during week one. The next week, they were assigned to read one of three versions of a dramatic plot synopsis in which the gender of the main character was male, female or ambiguous. After reading the assigned synopsis, participants reported their disposition toward the main character in the stimulus and their enjoyment of the synopsis. Results indicated that depictions of gender that don't activate traditional male and female gender schemas can have a negative influence on the participants' initial dispositions toward the character. The gender representation in the stimulus was not related to reported enjoyment of the plot. Intrinsic moral modules appeared to influence participants' dispositions toward the main character and their enjoyment. However, different modules were important to each of the different outcomes. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: CFE0007469, ucf:52676
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007469

Title: Let's take a selfie! Living in a Snapchat beauty filtered world:The impact it has on women's beauty perceptions.
Creator: Cruz, Angelina, Hastings, Sally, Hanlon, Christine, Kinnally, William, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Snapchat's beauty filters have become a prominent force in the social media realm. It's vital in understanding the impact in how Snapchat's beauty filters shape beauty standards among young women. This became the primary motivation of conducting this qualitative study. Six focus groups were conducted to explore the depths of why female college students between the ages of 18-25 decide to post either selfies with Snapchat's beauty filters applied or natural images. Dialectical tensions theory...
Show moreSnapchat's beauty filters have become a prominent force in the social media realm. It's vital in understanding the impact in how Snapchat's beauty filters shape beauty standards among young women. This became the primary motivation of conducting this qualitative study. Six focus groups were conducted to explore the depths of why female college students between the ages of 18-25 decide to post either selfies with Snapchat's beauty filters applied or natural images. Dialectical tensions theory was used as the foundation for this study to explore both the internal and external discursive struggles young women face when deciding to post natural or filtered selfies on their social media accounts. Integrating impression management, self-objectification, and self-esteem as components of understanding this phenomenon and using a thematic analysis to uncover prevalent and reoccurring themes discussed in the focus groups yielded remarkable results. Themes of perceptions of attractiveness, presenting a fa(&)#231;ade, and the power of self-esteem highlighted possible reasons why women were attracted in utilizing Snapchat's beauty filters or posting natural images. Findings also showed how the internal struggles between perfectionism-reality and external struggles of fitting in-standing out from the crowd became tensions women were often plagued in decision making to post natural or filtered images. This study serves as an epitome for beauty standards imposed in social media especially in HVSM (highly visual social media) sites like Snapchat and Instagram. There's limited research on Snapchat filters and the implications it has on females' overall perceptions of themselves of whether to implement filters within their photos. Understanding the reasons why women feel the need to use beauty filters or post natural selfies through a discussion-based setting embarked discoveries of how the media and society should integrate new sets of beauty standards.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: CFE0007619, ucf:52519
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007619

Title: Affective Response of African American and European American Students to Portrayals of Cross-racial Relationships on Television.
Creator: Mowatt, Earl, Wright, James, Carter, James, Rivera, Fernando, Kinnally, William, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Race is a potent discourse within the world of pop culture, particularly in television where viewers are witnessing more racial diversity in scripted shows. However, show creators must maintain standards that emphasize distinct social roles among characters in order to appeal to large heterogeneous audiences. These roles tend to be characterizations of racial stereotypes that often lead to biased opinions and inaccurate perceptions of minority groups. Previous studies detail that racial...
Show moreRace is a potent discourse within the world of pop culture, particularly in television where viewers are witnessing more racial diversity in scripted shows. However, show creators must maintain standards that emphasize distinct social roles among characters in order to appeal to large heterogeneous audiences. These roles tend to be characterizations of racial stereotypes that often lead to biased opinions and inaccurate perceptions of minority groups. Previous studies detail that racial biases in media adversely shape public opinions about African Americans and depress the desire for racial integration. This seems somewhat confounding since the shift in programming towards racial diversity presumes increased affirmation, importance, and validity of African Americans and other minority groups. This study investigates the affective response of Black and White college students to cross-race relationships on TV and the perceived realism of these media depictions. Since these relationship forms are now becoming part of television's pop culture, and pop culture reflects co-existing attitudes and values in society, it is important that they be examined. Additionally, examining cross-racial relationships may help in understanding larger race relations in the United States.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: CFE0004268, ucf:49539
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004268

Title: The Priming Effects of Media Frames in Regard to News Images and Stereotypes Held by Hispanic Audiences.
Creator: Morris, Meredith, Kinnally, William, Voss, Kimberly, Brown, Timothy, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This study applies priming, framing, and exemplification theories to examine the ways in which photos published with a news story influenced readers' judgments about the ethnicities of the people receiving emergency hunger services. Of particular interest were the perceptions of Caucasian respondents about minorities, and Hispanic perceptions about African Americans and other Hispanics. A sample of 506 college students was randomly assigned to read one of three versions of an online news...
Show moreThis study applies priming, framing, and exemplification theories to examine the ways in which photos published with a news story influenced readers' judgments about the ethnicities of the people receiving emergency hunger services. Of particular interest were the perceptions of Caucasian respondents about minorities, and Hispanic perceptions about African Americans and other Hispanics. A sample of 506 college students was randomly assigned to read one of three versions of an online news article about emergency hunger services in Central Florida. One version included two photographs of African American adults receiving food at a food bank. The second version included two photographs of Hispanic adults receiving food at a food bank. The third version was text-only and included no photographs. All three articles included base-rate statistics of ethnicities using emergency hunger services. Results showed images influence the way Caucasians and Hispanics perceive those people suffering from hunger. Key findings included that Caucasians in the study were susceptible to Hispanic primes, which altered their views on their perceptions about the number of Hispanics receiving emergency food services. However, Caucasians' perceptions of African Americans did not change. Additionally, Hispanic participants were affected by primes in such a way that limitations on societal advancement were perceived more strongly than those of the Caucasian participants. The difference between Caucasians' stereotypes regarding African Americans and Hispanics is an interesting development. The role of priming stereotype in relation to social issues is discussed.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004894, ucf:49667
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004894

Title: Examining presence and influence of linguistic characteristics in the Twitter discourse surrounding the women's right to drive movement in Saudi Arabia.
Creator: Sahly, Abdulsamad, Kinnally, William, Neuberger, Lindsay, Miller, Ann, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have been popular tools for social and political movements in non-democratic societies in which traditional media outlets are under government control. Activists in Saudi Arabia, particularly women, have launched several campaigns through social media to demand the right to drive for women. This study used framing theory as the foundation for looking at the degree to which cognitive, emotion, and religious or moral language has been used to...
Show moreSocial media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have been popular tools for social and political movements in non-democratic societies in which traditional media outlets are under government control. Activists in Saudi Arabia, particularly women, have launched several campaigns through social media to demand the right to drive for women. This study used framing theory as the foundation for looking at the degree to which cognitive, emotion, and religious or moral language has been used to frame discussion of this issue on Twitter. Additionally, this study observed the relationship between these linguistic attributes in Twitter and retweeting behavior to understand the characteristics of the discourse that relate to the potential influence of the message. The results suggested that, within the sociopolitical discussion in social media, cognitive language was expressed the most often, particularly insight and causation language. The results also suggested that tweets containing cognitive language are more likely to be retweeted than those with emotion language. However, among the components of cognitive and emotion language, anger was the strongest specific predictor of retweeting behavior. The implications of the presence of linguistic attributes and their relationship to retweeting behavior and suggestions for future communication research within the context of social and political movements are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFE0006386, ucf:51535
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006386

Title: A Snapchat Marketing Perspective: Examining the Personality Traits and Motives that Predict Attitudes Toward and Engagement with Non-Sponsored and Sponsored Content in Snapchat.
Creator: Sousa Garnica, Tiany, Kinnally, William, Rubenking, Bridget, Sellnow, Deanna, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Social networking sites (SNS) have revolutionized the communication between consumers and brands, publishers, and marketers. These platforms have become a way for advertisers to communicate directly and engage users with content that is innovative and less intrusive. The aim of this research is to examine the personality traits and motives (based on the uses and gratifications theory) that predict attitudes toward and engagement with non-sponsored and sponsored content in Snapchat. An online...
Show moreSocial networking sites (SNS) have revolutionized the communication between consumers and brands, publishers, and marketers. These platforms have become a way for advertisers to communicate directly and engage users with content that is innovative and less intrusive. The aim of this research is to examine the personality traits and motives (based on the uses and gratifications theory) that predict attitudes toward and engagement with non-sponsored and sponsored content in Snapchat. An online survey with 606 participants showed that the main motives of using Snapchat were social information seeking, entertainment, and impression management. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine what personality traits predict the motives for using Snapchat. Finally, hierarchical multiple regressions were used to examine the models that predict attitudes toward the non-sponsored and sponsored features in Snapchat as well as the engagement with them. Recommendations for practitioners were given to help them develop marketing strategies in Snapchat.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: CFE0006799, ucf:51825
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006799

Title: Examining the Role of Music Streaming Motives, Social Identification, and Technological Engagement in Digital Music Streaming Service Use.
Creator: Bolduc, Heidi, Kinnally, William, Neuberger, Lindsay, Rubenking, Bridget, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: According to the Nielsen Music 360 Research Report, 67% of all music consumers in the United States used digital music streaming services to listen, discover, and share music online in 2014 (The Nielsen Company, 2014). As such, communications scholars and music industry professionals are beginning to recognize the importance of understanding the factors that influence digital music listener behavior. Therefore, this study proposes an expanded theory of planned behavior model (TPB) by...
Show moreAccording to the Nielsen Music 360 Research Report, 67% of all music consumers in the United States used digital music streaming services to listen, discover, and share music online in 2014 (The Nielsen Company, 2014). As such, communications scholars and music industry professionals are beginning to recognize the importance of understanding the factors that influence digital music listener behavior. Therefore, this study proposes an expanded theory of planned behavior model (TPB) by incorporating music streaming motives, social identification, and technological engagement into the original TPB model framework in an effort to gain a better understanding of people's intentions to use digital music streaming services as well as the amount of time spent listening to them. Results suggest that both the original TPB and expanded TPB models can be successfully applied within the context of digital music streaming service use. Specifically, attitudes as well as convenience emerged as positive contributors to intention to use digital music streaming services, while entertainment along with social identification, technological engagement, and behavioral intention emerged as positive contributors to streaming behavior. Additionally, information seeking and pass time emerged as negative contributors to these two behavioral outcomes. However, adding these additional components only improved the overall ability of the expanded model to predict streaming behavior. Both models also explained a larger percentage of intention to use digital music streaming services as compared to total time spent listening. As a result, this study implies the practical importance of understanding the fundamental differences between what drives listener intentions to use digital music streaming services as compared to what drives the actual amount of time listeners spend using digital music streaming services.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFE0006266, ucf:51037
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006266

Title: Meme World Syndrome: A Critical Discourse Analysis of the First World Problems and Third World Success Internet Memes.
Creator: Chandler, Robert, Sandoval, Jennifer, Kinnally, William, Walls, Douglas, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This thesis applies the theory and method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the ideological components of the First World Problems (FWP) and Third World Success (TWS) Internet memes. Drawing on analytical concepts from CDA and related perspectives, such as multimodal discourse analysis and social semiotics, the paper analyzes the visual and textual elements of a sample of the FWP and TWS memes. The paper argues that the text and images featured in the memes are ideologically...
Show moreThis thesis applies the theory and method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the ideological components of the First World Problems (FWP) and Third World Success (TWS) Internet memes. Drawing on analytical concepts from CDA and related perspectives, such as multimodal discourse analysis and social semiotics, the paper analyzes the visual and textual elements of a sample of the FWP and TWS memes. The paper argues that the text and images featured in the memes are ideologically salient and discursively construct oppositional binaries between (")us(") and (")them(") in terms of wealth disparity.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004828, ucf:49761
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004828

Title: The Darkside of Stereotypes: The Effects of Crime in the Media on Racial Identity and Emotions.
Creator: Campbell, Shantel, Rubenking, Bridget, Kinnally, William, Neuberger, Lindsay, Signorielli, Nancy, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This study investigated how the image of Black criminality in the media affects the racial identity and emotions of Blacks. It also examined how the image of White criminality affects the racial identity and emotions of Whites as a point of comparison. These effects were studied through the lens of self-categorization theory and inter-group emotions theory. SCT posits that a person's biases are a result of how relevant their social identity is to their self-concept. IET posits that the...
Show moreThis study investigated how the image of Black criminality in the media affects the racial identity and emotions of Blacks. It also examined how the image of White criminality affects the racial identity and emotions of Whites as a point of comparison. These effects were studied through the lens of self-categorization theory and inter-group emotions theory. SCT posits that a person's biases are a result of how relevant their social identity is to their self-concept. IET posits that the emotions a person feels are derived from the social group they belong to.This study analyzed 369 responses from participants who were presented with Twitter news pages that presented all Black crime stories, all White crime stories, or negative (no race) stories. Findings showed that both Blacks and Whites decreased self-categorization with their race after viewing same-race criminality news stories. It also found that emotions were affected by content of the newsfeed. Lastly, the study found significant differences in self-categorization based on level of identification.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: CFE0005769, ucf:50111
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005769

communication (2)	+ -
media (2)	+ -
race (2)	+ -
social media (2)	+ -
Activists (1)	+ -

BEAUTY (1)	+ -
BEAUTY FILTERS (1)	+ -
BEAUTY PERCEPTIONS (1)	+ -
BEAUTY STANDARDS (1)	+ -
Cognitive language (1)	+ -
Communication (1)	+ -
DIALECTICAL TENSIONS (1)	+ -
Digital Music Streaming Services (1)	+ -
Emotional language (1)	+ -
FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS (1)	+ -
FOCUS GROUPS (1)	+ -
Framing theory (1)	+ -
HVSM (1)	+ -
IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT (1)	+ -
Journalism (1)	+ -
LGBTQ+ (1)	+ -
Linguistic attributes (1)	+ -
Mass Media (1)	+ -
Middle East (1)	+ -
Music Streaming Motives (1)	+ -
NATURAL BEAUTY (1)	+ -
Political cognition (1)	+ -
Political movements (1)	+ -
Priming (1)	+ -
QUALITATIVE STUDY (1)	+ -

Kinnally, William (12)	+ -
University of Central Florida (12)	+ -
Rubenking, Bridget (4)	+ -
Neuberger, Lindsay (3)	+ -
Hanlon, Christine (2)	+ -

Sandoval, Jennifer (2)	+ -
Sellnow, Deanna (2)	+ -
Bolduc, Heidi (1)	+ -
Brinkerhoff, Bobbie (1)	+ -
Brown, Timothy (1)	+ -
Campbell, Shantel (1)	+ -
Carter, James (1)	+ -
Chandler, Robert (1)	+ -
Cruz, Angelina (1)	+ -
Hastings, Sally (1)	+ -
Higley, Diana (1)	+ -
Merrill, Kelly (1)	+ -
Miller, Ann (1)	+ -
Morris, Meredith (1)	+ -
Mowatt, Earl (1)	+ -
Rivera, Fernando (1)	+ -
Sahly, Abdulsamad (1)	+ -
Signorielli, Nancy (1)	+ -
Sousa Garnica, Tiany (1)	+ -
VanVonderen, Kristen (1)	+ -
Voss, Kimberly (1)	+ -
Walls, Douglas (1)	+ -
Wright, James (1)	+ -

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