Current Search: Neider, Mark (x)
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(1 - 13 of 13)
- Title
- THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON DISTANCE PERCEPTION.
- Creator
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Rosen, Monica, Neider, Mark, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Although there has been a great deal of research on binocular distance perception (Foley, 1980; Gogel, 1977), a number of questions remain unexplored. One such question involves how our ability to perceive distances is influenced by fitness and stress (internal and external). Previous research has shown that kinesthetic stress (via backpack weight) influences a person's ability to accurately guess distances (Proffitt, Bhalla, Gossweiler, & Midgett, 2003). This research did not only attempt to...
Show moreAlthough there has been a great deal of research on binocular distance perception (Foley, 1980; Gogel, 1977), a number of questions remain unexplored. One such question involves how our ability to perceive distances is influenced by fitness and stress (internal and external). Previous research has shown that kinesthetic stress (via backpack weight) influences a person's ability to accurately guess distances (Proffitt, Bhalla, Gossweiler, & Midgett, 2003). This research did not only attempt to replicate previous work, but also extend it by exploring potential interactions between fitness level and mental stress on distance perception, a combination that is often encountered by soldiers, firefighters, and rescue workers. Mental stress was measured using the State Anxiety Inventory test (Spielberger, Reheiser, & Sydeman, 1995) and cardiovascular fitness was measured using MET scores (Jurca et al., 2005). Physical stress was manipulated by asking participants to estimate distances and then walk blindly to the target while carrying a backpack weighing 20% of their weight. We were unable to replicate Proffitt. We did however find a positive correlation between cardiovascular fitness and error in the second block of the blind walking task for the heavy backpack condition, r(22) = -.45, p = 0.03.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFH0004526, ucf:45185
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004526
- Title
- THE EFFECT OF COLOR ON WORKING MEMORY PERFORMANCE.
- Creator
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Galvez, Michelle, Neider, Mark, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This paper explores the effect of color on working memory performance. Interest in Baker-Miller pink surged with the finding by Schauss (1979) that it reduced aggression in aggravated detainees. However, research behind Baker-Miller pink has been influenced by biases and methodological errors. Its effects are likely overstated. Red and blue have also been studied for their effects on creativity, approach-avoidance conflict, detail-orientation, and most importantly, stress. Further research...
Show moreThis paper explores the effect of color on working memory performance. Interest in Baker-Miller pink surged with the finding by Schauss (1979) that it reduced aggression in aggravated detainees. However, research behind Baker-Miller pink has been influenced by biases and methodological errors. Its effects are likely overstated. Red and blue have also been studied for their effects on creativity, approach-avoidance conflict, detail-orientation, and most importantly, stress. Further research has been conducted on the effects of relaxation on cognition, with the conclusion that increased relaxation leads to improvements in working memory performance. This paper tests the effect of color on working memory performance. Accuracy on the n-back was compared across 4 colors�pink, red, blue, and black. No significant differences in accuracy were found in any of the color conditions, though the main effect of load was significant. Future research can increase the sample size and utilize a cognitive task that is inherently stressful.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFH0004859, ucf:45484
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004859
- Title
- PERCEPTUAL GROUPING BY CLOSURE IN VISUAL WORKING MEMORY.
- Creator
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Neira, Sofia, Neider, Mark, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Research on visual working memory (VWM) suggests a capacity limit of three to four objects (Luck & Vogel, 1997), but recent studies on the fidelity of VWM capacity for objects indicates that informational bandwidth, which can vary with factors like complexity and amenability to perceptual grouping, can interact with this capacity (Brady, Konkle & Alvarez, 2011). For example, individual features can be grouped into objects for an added benefit in VWM capacity (Xu, 2002). Along these lines, the...
Show moreResearch on visual working memory (VWM) suggests a capacity limit of three to four objects (Luck & Vogel, 1997), but recent studies on the fidelity of VWM capacity for objects indicates that informational bandwidth, which can vary with factors like complexity and amenability to perceptual grouping, can interact with this capacity (Brady, Konkle & Alvarez, 2011). For example, individual features can be grouped into objects for an added benefit in VWM capacity (Xu, 2002). Along these lines, the Gestalt principles of proximity and connectedness have been shown to benefit VWM, although they do not influence capacity equally (Xu 2006; Woodman, Vecera & Luck, 2003). Closure, which has not been investigated for its influence in VWM capacity, is similar to connectedness and proximity as it promotes the perception of a coherent object without physical connections. In the current experiment, we evaluated whether closure produces similar or greater VWM capacity advantages compared to proximity by having participants engage in a change detection task. Four L-shaped features were grouped in tilted clusters to either form an object (closure condition) or not (no-object condition), with a set size of two (8 L features), four (16 L features), or six clusters (24 L features). Following a brief mask (1000 ms), the orientation of one cluster was changed (tilted 25 or -25 degrees) on half the trials. Our results indicate that there was no difference in accuracy or reaction time for the perceptual grouping conditions of closure/no-object, although we did find a main effect for set size and change conditions. Overall, it seems that grouping by closure provides no further advantages to VWM capacity than proximity; however, more experiments need to be conducted to solidify the findings of the current experiment.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFH2000038, ucf:45604
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000038
- Title
- THE EFFECT OF AN AUDITORY STIMULUS ON CHANGE BLINDNESS.
- Creator
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McCormack, Shane, Neider, Mark, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
This research examined whether or not an auditory stimulus would affect rates of change blindness. Change blindness occurs when there is a failure to detect an obvious change to a visual scene. For this experiment 40 participants were asked to determine if a change occurred between two pictures. This involved an original picture shown for 1 second, a neutral screen shown for 50 milliseconds and then either a modified version of the original image or the same image for 1 second and then...
Show moreThis research examined whether or not an auditory stimulus would affect rates of change blindness. Change blindness occurs when there is a failure to detect an obvious change to a visual scene. For this experiment 40 participants were asked to determine if a change occurred between two pictures. This involved an original picture shown for 1 second, a neutral screen shown for 50 milliseconds and then either a modified version of the original image or the same image for 1 second and then repeated. Participants then determined whether a change occurred in the visual display. For some participants a familiar song played on repeat during the visual task. My goal was to determine if music would affect rates of change blindness and how quickly changes would be detected if present. I found that participants in both the music and non-music conditions were more accurate when there was no change to a scene. Participants in the music condition also took longer to respond as opposed to the control group. When examining reaction times of only correct responses, both conditions responded in a similar amount of time for pictures with changes. In trials with no changes the participants in the music condition took longer to respond than the control group. Overall, it appears that music had a negative effect on reaction times when a change was present. Participants were also more accurate in detecting pictures with no changes as opposed to pictures with changes.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFH0004360, ucf:45016
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004360
- Title
- Subjective measures of implicit categorization learning.
- Creator
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Hill, Audrey, Bohil, Corey, Neider, Mark, Szalma, James, Rapport, Mark, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The neuropsychological theory known as COVIS (COmpetition between Verbal and Implicit Systems) postulates that distinct brain systems compete during category learning. The explicit system involves conscious hypothesis testing about verbalizable rules, while the implicit system relies on procedural learning of rules that are difficult to verbalize. Specifically from a behavioral approach, COVIS has been supported through demonstrating empirical dissociations between explicit and implicit...
Show moreThe neuropsychological theory known as COVIS (COmpetition between Verbal and Implicit Systems) postulates that distinct brain systems compete during category learning. The explicit system involves conscious hypothesis testing about verbalizable rules, while the implicit system relies on procedural learning of rules that are difficult to verbalize. Specifically from a behavioral approach, COVIS has been supported through demonstrating empirical dissociations between explicit and implicit learning tasks. The current studies were designed to gain deeper understanding of implicit category learning through the implementation of a subjective measure of awareness, Meta d', which until now has not been validated within a COVIS framework. Meta d' is a measure of metacognitive accuracy. This is the ability to assess the accuracy of one's own performance. These three experiments evaluated the use of Meta d' as a valid predictor of task performance within a two-structure perceptual categorization task. Experiment 1 focuses on using Meta d' to parse out dissociations between awareness and performance through the phenomenon of Blind Sight and Blind Insight. Experiment 2 and 3 utilize a motor response mapping disruption to observe predicted decrements to the implicit learning system. Experiment 3 utilizes functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure hemodynamic changes in the Prefrontal Cortex as a function of category structure. Across the 3 experiments, Meta d' in conjunction with decision bound model fits were used to make accurate predictions about the differences in performance throughout implicit and explicit categorization tasks. These collective results indicate that metacognitive accuracy, an implicit structure, was highly sensitive to a whether a person is using the correct rule strategies through the task.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007753, ucf:52376
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007753
- Title
- Eye Movements and Spatial Ability: Influences on Thinking During Analogical Problem Solving.
- Creator
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Schroeder, Bradford, Sims, Valerie, Szalma, James, Neider, Mark, Gill, Michele, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Classic studies have examined the factors that influence the way in which people can solve difficult (")insight(") problems, which require creative solutions. Recent research has shown that guiding one's eye movements in a pattern spatially congruent with the solution improves the likelihood of formulating a spatial solution. The authors in this line of research argued that guiding eye movements in a pattern spatially equivalent to the solution of the problem yields an embodied cognitive...
Show moreClassic studies have examined the factors that influence the way in which people can solve difficult (")insight(") problems, which require creative solutions. Recent research has shown that guiding one's eye movements in a pattern spatially congruent with the solution improves the likelihood of formulating a spatial solution. The authors in this line of research argued that guiding eye movements in a pattern spatially equivalent to the solution of the problem yields an embodied cognitive benefit that aids problem solving. Specifically, guiding eye movements leads to the generation of a mental representation containing perceptual information that helps a problem solver mentally simulate the problem features, increasing likelihood to generate a solution to the problem. However, evidence from a small but critically relevant area of research supports that this embodied effect may be more simply a creativity-priming effect. The proposed research aimed to disentangle these ideas while addressing other research questions of interest: do embodied problem solving benefits transfer to later problem solving? Do individual differences in spatial ability influence how people solve these problems? The present study combined previously established methodologies in problem solving and analogical problem solving to investigate these research questions. Results of the present work tentatively support the embodied priming effect, mediated by a creativity-priming effect that influences problem solving performance. Both effects emerged after manipulating problem solvers' eye movements. There is also modest support for a link between spatial ability and analogical problem solving, but not initial problem solving. These results are interpreted through the lens of embodied cognitive theory, providing tentative support that guiding eye movements can influence reasoning through an enhancement of creativity.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007366, ucf:52079
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007366
- Title
- Categorical Change: Exploring the Effects of Concept Drift in Human Perceptual Category Learning.
- Creator
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Wismer, Andrew, Bohil, Corey, Szalma, James, Neider, Mark, Gluck, Kevin, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Categorization is an essential survival skill that we engage in daily. A multitude of behavioral and neuropsychological evidence support the existence of multiple learning systems involved in category learning. COmpetition between Verbal and Implicit Systems (COVIS) theory provides a neuropsychological basis for the existence of an explicit and implicit learning system involved in the learning of category rules. COVIS provides a convincing account of asymptotic performance in human category...
Show moreCategorization is an essential survival skill that we engage in daily. A multitude of behavioral and neuropsychological evidence support the existence of multiple learning systems involved in category learning. COmpetition between Verbal and Implicit Systems (COVIS) theory provides a neuropsychological basis for the existence of an explicit and implicit learning system involved in the learning of category rules. COVIS provides a convincing account of asymptotic performance in human category learning. However, COVIS (-) and virtually all current theories of category learning (-) focus solely on categories and decision environments that remain stationary over time. However, our environment is dynamic, and we often need to adapt our decision making to account for environmental or categorical changes. Machine learning addresses this significant challenge through what is termed concept drift. Concept drift occurs any time a data distribution changes over time. This dissertation draws from two key characteristics of concept drift in machine learning known to impact the performance of learning models, and in-so-doing provides the first systematic exploration of concept drift (i.e., categorical change) in human perceptual category learning. Four experiments, each including one key change parameter (category base-rates, payoffs, or category structure [RB/II]), investigated the effect of rate of change (abrupt, gradual) and awareness of change (foretold or not) on decision criterion adaptation. Critically, Experiments 3 and 4 evaluated differences in categorical adaptation within explicit and implicit category learning tasks to determine if rate and awareness of change moderated any learning system differences. The results of these experiments inform current category learning theory and provide information for machine learning models of decision support in non-stationary environments.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007114, ucf:51947
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007114
- Title
- Oculomotor Mechanisms Underlying Attentional Costs In Distracted Visual Search.
- Creator
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Lewis, Joanna, Neider, Mark, Szalma, James, Schmidt, Joseph, Joseph, Dana, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Performance consequences have been long established when humans multitask. This research concerns the impact of distraction on the attentional shifts during a task that underlies many cognitive processes and everyday tasks, searching for a target item among non-target items (e.g., scanning the road for potential collisions). There is evidence that increasing the mental workload by introducing additional tasks influences our ability to search our environment or interferes with processing...
Show morePerformance consequences have been long established when humans multitask. This research concerns the impact of distraction on the attentional shifts during a task that underlies many cognitive processes and everyday tasks, searching for a target item among non-target items (e.g., scanning the road for potential collisions). There is evidence that increasing the mental workload by introducing additional tasks influences our ability to search our environment or interferes with processing fixated information. In the current studies, I aimed to evaluate the changes in gaze behaviors during visual search to evaluate how multitasking impairs our attentional processes. Participants completed a visual search task (search for a target T among distractor L's) while wearing a heads-up display (Google Glass) which displays an unrelated word during the dual task condition, while the control condition required participants to complete the search task without distraction. The changes in oculomotor behavior were observed in four experiments: (1) evaluating general oculomotor behavior during distraction, (2) masking the display onset of the secondary information during an eye movement to reduce the possibility of distraction from the word appearing, (3) removing any occlusion of stimuli from the heads-up display by having no visual overlap of the two tasks, and (4) evaluating whether oculomotor behaviors were similar to previous results when the nature of the distracting task changes in sensory modality. Participants typically took longer to respond when distracted, except for when the word onset was masked and the word was present auditorily. Oculomotor results indicated an increase in fixation durations (occasionally for the initial saccade latency as well) and a reduction of target fixations when participants were distracted by secondary information. These results suggest that secondary visual information can impact how humans search their environment in a fashion which increases their time to respond and impacts selective visual processing.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007039, ucf:51993
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007039
- Title
- Do multiple conditions elicit the visual redundant signals effect in simple response times?.
- Creator
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Mishler, Ada, Neider, Mark, Lighthall, Nichole, Szalma, James, Joseph, Dana, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The redundant signals effect, or redundancy gain, is an increase in human processing efficiency when target redundancy is introduced into a display. An advantage for two visual signals over one has been found in a wide variety of speeded response time tasks, but does not always occur and may be weakened by some task parameters. These disparate results suggest that visual redundancy gain is not a unitary effect, but is instead based on different underlying mechanisms in different tasks. The...
Show moreThe redundant signals effect, or redundancy gain, is an increase in human processing efficiency when target redundancy is introduced into a display. An advantage for two visual signals over one has been found in a wide variety of speeded response time tasks, but does not always occur and may be weakened by some task parameters. These disparate results suggest that visual redundancy gain is not a unitary effect, but is instead based on different underlying mechanisms in different tasks. The current study synthesizes previous theories applied to redundancy gain into the three-conditions hypothesis, which states that visual redundancy gain depends on the presence of at least one of three factors: visual identicalness between multiple targets, familiarity with multiple similar targets, or prepotentiation for multiple different targets. In a series of four simple response time experiments, participants responded to single targets presented to one side of the visual field, or to bilateral targets presented to both sides of the visual field. The first three experiments each explored one condition, the first experiment by comparing identical to non-identical random shapes to examine visual identicalness, the second by comparing familiar to unfamiliar letters to examine familiarity, and the third by comparing previewed with non-previewed random shapes to examine prepotentiation. Finally, the fourth experiment employed letters that varied in familiarity, identicalness, and preview, to examine whether or not the three hypothesized causes have multiplicative effects on redundancy. Results indicated that participants were able to benefit equally from redundancy regardless of identicalness, familiarity, or prepotentiation, but that they did so by ignoring one target in the redundant-target trials. These results suggest that redundancy gain may need to be even further divided into more than three underlying mechanisms, with a serial processing mechanism that can be used for stimuli that are not familiar, prepotentiated, or identical.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006899, ucf:52890
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006899
- Title
- Gamification of Visual Search in Real World Scenes.
- Creator
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Hess, Alyssa, Neider, Mark, Szalma, James, Bohil, Corey, Paulson, Daniel, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Gamification, or the application of game-like features in non-game contexts, has been growing in popularity over the last five years. Specifically, the successful gamification of applications (such as Waze, Foursquare, and Fitocracy) has begun a spike in gamification of more complex tasks, such as learning to use AutoCAD or Photoshop. However, much is unknown about the psychological mapping of gamification or how it translates to behavioral outcomes. This dissertation aims to compare three...
Show moreGamification, or the application of game-like features in non-game contexts, has been growing in popularity over the last five years. Specifically, the successful gamification of applications (such as Waze, Foursquare, and Fitocracy) has begun a spike in gamification of more complex tasks, such as learning to use AutoCAD or Photoshop. However, much is unknown about the psychological mapping of gamification or how it translates to behavioral outcomes. This dissertation aims to compare three distinct styles of gamification (avatars, points and feedback, and leaderboards) onto the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness). It will assess behavioral outcomes on a visual search task when gamification styles are used separately, compared against all three styles used in concert. The task chosen is a camouflage visual search task. This task was selected because it is both boring (as indicated by the Flow Short Scale) and difficult (as indicated by previous work). These features make it the ideal task to gamify. Results indicated that only in the full gamification condition was response time significantly faster than in the control condition, or no gamification. However, ANOVA evaluating differences in enjoyment, motivation, and stress indicated differences among the groups, suggesting that gamification may elicit psychological outcomes that may not necessarily manifest into behavioral outcomes. ANCOVA were used to evaluate group differences using relevant survey measures as covariates. These tests indicated differences among groups in all behavioral measures, though these differences were most pronounced in response time measures. Future directions involving gamification based on personality type, as well as suggestions on best practice for gamification in the future are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006601, ucf:51264
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006601
- Title
- Impacts of Complexity and Timing of Communication Interruptions on Visual Detection Tasks.
- Creator
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Stader, Sally, Mouloua, Mustapha, Hancock, Peter, Neider, Mark, Kincaid, John, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Auditory preemption theory suggests two competing assumptions for the attention-capturing and performance-altering properties of auditory tasks. In onset preemption, attention is immediately diverted to the auditory channel. Strategic preemption involves a decision process in which the operator maintains focus on more complex auditory messages. The limitation in this process is that the human auditory, or echoic, memory store has a limit of 2 to 5 seconds, after which the message must be...
Show moreAuditory preemption theory suggests two competing assumptions for the attention-capturing and performance-altering properties of auditory tasks. In onset preemption, attention is immediately diverted to the auditory channel. Strategic preemption involves a decision process in which the operator maintains focus on more complex auditory messages. The limitation in this process is that the human auditory, or echoic, memory store has a limit of 2 to 5 seconds, after which the message must be processed or it decays. In contrast, multiple resource theory suggests that visual and auditory tasks may be efficiently time-shared because two different pools of cognitive resources are used. Previous research regarding these competing assumptions has been limited and equivocal. Thus, the current research focused on systematically examining the effects of complexity and timing of communication interruptions on visual detection tasks. It was hypothesized that both timing and complexity levels would impact detection performance in a multi-task environment. Study 1 evaluated the impact of complexity and timing of communications occurring before malfunctions in an ongoing visual detection task. Twenty-four participants were required to complete each of the eight timing blocks that included simple or complex communications occurring simultaneously, and at 2, 5, or 8 seconds before detection events. For simple communications, participants repeated three pre-recorded words. However, for complex communications, they generated three words beginning with the same last letter of a word prompt. Results indicated that complex communications at two seconds or less occurring before a visual detection event significantly impacted response time with a 1.3 to 1.6 second delay compared to all the other timings. Detection accuracy for complex communication tasks under the simultaneous condition was significantly degraded compared to simple communications at five seconds or more prior to the task. This resulted in a 20% decline in detection accuracy. Additionally, participants' workload ratings for complex communications were significantly higher than simple communications. Study 2 examined the timing of communications occurring at the corresponding seconds after the visual detection event. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to the communication complexity and timing blocks as in study 1. The results did not find significant performance effects of timing or complexity of communications on detection performance. However the workload ratings for the 2 and 5 second complex communication presentations were higher compared to the same simple communication conditions. Overall, these findings support the strategic preemption assumption for well-defined, complex communications. The onset preemption assumption for simple communications was not supported. These results also suggest that the boundaries of the multiple resource theory assumption may exist up to the limits of the echoic memory store. Figures of merit for task performance under the varying levels of timing and complexity are presented. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFE0005420, ucf:50415
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005420
- Title
- Driving performance adaptation through practice with and without distracters in a simulated environment.
- Creator
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Gentzler, Marc, Smither, Janan, Neider, Mark, Rinalducci, Edward, Mcconnell, Daniel, Ray, Roger, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
A preponderance of research points to the detrimental effects of distraction on driving performance. An interesting question is whether practice can improve distracted driving. The results from the few longitudinal simulator-based research studies conducted on driving distraction have been inconclusive. This may be because practice effects could be confounded with participants adapting to driving in the simulator. Therefore, participants in the current studies were trained until performance...
Show moreA preponderance of research points to the detrimental effects of distraction on driving performance. An interesting question is whether practice can improve distracted driving. The results from the few longitudinal simulator-based research studies conducted on driving distraction have been inconclusive. This may be because practice effects could be confounded with participants adapting to driving in the simulator. Therefore, participants in the current studies were trained until performance reached a steady state prior to introducing the distracters.In this dissertation, two single-subject design studies were used to investigate the effects of training on distracted driving. The first study included two participants who experienced several different types of distracters. In the second study distracters were introduced before and after the training phase. The two distracters selected for Study 2 included conversing on a handheld phone and texting on a touchscreen phone continuously while driving in a city scenario. Previous research has not compared texting to phone, has had relatively littleexamination of texting and driving alone, and has primarily focused on hands-free phones and on highway settings. Participants drove on a city route which they had previously memorized to add realism to the driving task. Measures collected included speed maintenance, lane deviations/position errors, stop errors, and turn errors in both studies. In Study 2, subjective workload and reaction time were also collected.Findings indicated that training improved performance substantially for all participants in both studies compared to the initial baseline. Participants who experienced six and even nine sessions of the initial baseline did not necessarily improve more than those who only had three sessions. Performance for some participants did not improve in the initial baseline. The lower error levels in training remained fairly stable in subsequent baselines showing that actual learning did occur. Texting had higher error levels than phone both pre and post-training. There were no practice effects noticed for the distracters post-training for any of the participants, and in fact errors increased across sessions for phone and especially texting in Study 2. Training helped improve performance during the phone distraction more so than texting overall, although this varied for different dependent measures. Although errors were reduced after training in the distracter phases, the data actually showed that the performance difference between the baselines and the distracters pre-training was smaller than the differences post-training. Based on these findings, it is recommended that researchers conducting driving simulation research systematically train their participants on driving the simulator before they begin data collection.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFE0005169, ucf:50658
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005169
- Title
- Tailoring Instruction to the individual: Investigating the Utility of Trainee Aptitudes for use in Adaptive Training.
- Creator
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Landsberg, Carla, Mouloua, Mustapha, Bowers, Clint, Neider, Mark, Van Buskirk, Wendi, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Computer-based training has become more prolific as the military and private businessenterprises search for more efficient ways to deliver training. However, some methods ofcomputer-based training are not more effective than traditional classroom methods. Onetechnique that may be able to approximate the most effective form of training, one-on-onetutoring, is Adaptive Training (AT). AT techniques use instruction that is tailored to the learnerin some way, and can adjust different training...
Show moreComputer-based training has become more prolific as the military and private businessenterprises search for more efficient ways to deliver training. However, some methods ofcomputer-based training are not more effective than traditional classroom methods. Onetechnique that may be able to approximate the most effective form of training, one-on-onetutoring, is Adaptive Training (AT). AT techniques use instruction that is tailored to the learnerin some way, and can adjust different training parameters such as difficulty, feedback, pace, anddelivery mode.There are many ways to adapt training to the learner, and in this study I exploredadapting the feedback provided to trainees based on spatial ability in line with Cognitive LoadTheory (CLT). In line with the CLT expertise reversal effect literature I hypothesized that for aspatial task, higher ability trainees would perform better when they were given less feedback.Alternately, I hypothesized that lower ability trainees would perform better during training whenthey were given more support via feedback. This study also compared two different adaptationapproaches. The first approach, called the ATI approach, adapts feedback based on a premeasuredability. In this case, it was spatial ability. The second approach, called the Hybridapproach adapts initially based on ability, but then based on performance later in training. Ihypothesized that participants who received Hybrid adaptive training would perform better.The study employed a 2(spatial ability; high, low) X 2(feedback; matched, mismatched)X 2 (approach; ATI, Hybrid) between-subjects design in which participants were randomlyassigned to one of the eight conditions. Ninety-two participants completed a submarine-basedperiscope operator task that was visual and spatial in nature. ivThe results of the study did not support the use of CLT-derived adaptation based onspatial ability; contrary to what was hypothesized, higher ability participants who received morefeedback performed better than those who received less. Similarly, lower ability participantswho received less feedback performed better than those who received more. While notsignificant, results suggested there may be some benefit to using the Hybrid approach, but moreresearch is needed to determine the relative effectiveness of this approach.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005646, ucf:50191
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005646
