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Disciplinary Mythologies: A Rhetorical-Cultural Analysis of Performance Enhancement Technologies in Sports
Title
Disciplinary Mythologies: A Rhetorical-Cultural Analysis of Performance Enhancement Technologies in Sports.
Creator
Lamothe, John, Scott, Blake, Janz, Bruce, Campbell, James, Oliveira, Leonardo, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
In sports discourse, the relationship between athletics and technology is often paradoxical. On the one hand, modern sports rely on technology at every level, from training and tracking of players to the equipment and apparel used by athletes to the game strategies and playing fields themselves. Nearly all of these technologies are intended to increase athletic performance on some level. And yet, certain performance enhancement technologies can be criticized for being antithetical to the...
Show moreIn sports discourse, the relationship between athletics and technology is often paradoxical. On the one hand, modern sports rely on technology at every level, from training and tracking of players to the equipment and apparel used by athletes to the game strategies and playing fields themselves. Nearly all of these technologies are intended to increase athletic performance on some level. And yet, certain performance enhancement technologies can be criticized for being antithetical to the spirit of sports, which is framed as being a strictly natural and pure human endeavor. Using a rhetorical-cultural methodological approach, popular sports discourse is analyzed to investigate how arguments in contested spaces between sports and technologies get (re)negotiated and (re)articulated to fit within a sports social language that emphasizes (")pure(") and (")natural(") ideals of sport. This often results in a dichotomy where the sport/technology relationship is either black boxed, thus being subsumed in the sport social language and becoming transparent and the relationships unarticulated, or the technology is regulated out of the sport through rules and bans. The reason for this articulation is attributed in large part to the deep humanism embedded in the sport social language. How a shift to a posthuman perspective would effect sports discourse is explored. These conclusions about underlying values in sports discourse lead to the formation of a new theoretical framework called disciplinary mythologies. Building off of Foucault's disciplinary power, Scott's disciplinary rhetorics, and Barthe's mythologies, disciplinary mythologies are discrete units of persuasion that both construct and constitute claims by drawing upon layered narratives and shifting associations that lose their context when entering the realm of myth. Two specific disciplinary mythologies are discussed(-)the level-playing-field topos and the nostalgia enthymeme(-)and it is shown how sports discourse often draws upon them to shape arguments and actions.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005970, ucf:50773
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005970
Somatechnologies of Body Size Modification: Posthuman Embodiment and Discourses of Health
Title
Somatechnologies of Body Size Modification: Posthuman Embodiment and Discourses of Health.
Creator
Griffin, Meghan, Bowdon, Melody, Scott, John, Campbell, James, Oliveira, Leonardo, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This project focuses on persistent gaps in philosophies of the body: the enduring mind-body divide in accounts of phenomenology, the unfulfilled promises of representing and inhabiting the body in online and virtual spaces, and the difference between health as quantified in medical discourse versus health as lived experience. These tensions are brought to light through the electronic food journal genre where the difficulty in capturing pre-noetic, outside-consciousness aspects of experience...
Show moreThis project focuses on persistent gaps in philosophies of the body: the enduring mind-body divide in accounts of phenomenology, the unfulfilled promises of representing and inhabiting the body in online and virtual spaces, and the difference between health as quantified in medical discourse versus health as lived experience. These tensions are brought to light through the electronic food journal genre where the difficulty in capturing pre-noetic, outside-consciousness aspects of experience and embodied health are thrown into relief against circulating cultural discourses surrounding health, body size, self-surveillance, and self-care. The electronic food journal genre serves as a space for users to situate themselves and their daily practices in relation to medicalization, public policy, and the conflation of health and body size. These journals form artifacts reflecting life writing practices in digital spaces that model compliant self-surveillance as well as transgressive self-care. The journals instantiate the mind-body-technology interactivity of extended cognition, but also point toward a rupture in the feedback loops that promise to integrate pre-noetic aspects of being and experience. By exploring the tensions inherent in these online food journaling spaces, this project concludes by offering a PEERS heuristic/heuretic for assessing theories and technologies of embodiment and health for their ability to access what resides in the (")remainder(") of current embodiment philosophy and to identify the aspects of lived experience left unattended in USDA health policy, food journaling interfaces, and embodiment philosophy. The PEERS model can be used to evaluate existing technologies for their capacity to map true mind-body-technology interactivity and to build new theory that accounts for a fuller, more nuanced approach to understanding embodied reality and embodied health.
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Date Issued
2012
Identifier
CFE0004783, ucf:49773
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004783
Acute Pro-inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols in Trained Men
Title
Acute Pro-inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols in Trained Men.
Creator
Wells, Adam, Hoffman, Jay, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, Oliveira, Leonardo, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The successful regeneration of muscle tissue is dependent upon the infiltration of phagocytic CD14++CD16- monocytes that support the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Physiologically, the magnitude of the cellular response following resistance exercise is dictated by the level of receptor expression on the plasma membrane of the monocyte, as well as the secretion of their cognate ligands from tissue resident cells. However, it remains unclear whether the innate...
Show moreThe successful regeneration of muscle tissue is dependent upon the infiltration of phagocytic CD14++CD16- monocytes that support the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Physiologically, the magnitude of the cellular response following resistance exercise is dictated by the level of receptor expression on the plasma membrane of the monocyte, as well as the secretion of their cognate ligands from tissue resident cells. However, it remains unclear whether the innate pro-inflammatory immune response varies with different resistance training protocols, and how it may impact recovery and the muscle remodeling process. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine temporal changes in the expression of chemotactic and adhesion receptors following an acute bout of high-volume, moderate-intensity (VOL) versus high-intensity, low-volume (HVY) lower-body resistance exercise in experienced, resistance trained men. Changes in receptor expression were assessed in conjunction with plasma concentrations of MCP-1, TNF?, and cortisol. Ten resistance-trained men (90.1 (&)#177; 11.3 kg; 176.0 (&)#177; 4.9 cm; 24.7 (&)#177; 3.4 yrs; 14.1 (&)#177; 6.1% body fat) performed each resistance exercise protocol in a random, counterbalanced order. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30 minutes (30P), 1 hour (1H), 2 hours (2H), and 5 hours (5H) post-exercise. Analysis of target receptor expression on CD14++CD16- monocytes was completed at BL, IP, 1H, 2H and 5H time points via flow cytometric analysis. Plasma concentrations of myoglobin, and LDH AUC were significantly greater following HVY compared to VOL (p = 0.003 and p = 0.010 respectively). Changes in plasma TNF?, MCP-1, and expression of CCR2, CD11b, and GCR on CD14++CD16- monocytes were similar following HVY and VOL. When collapsed across groups, TNF? was significantly increased at IP, 30P, 1H and 2H post-exercise (p = 0.001 (-) 0.004), while MCP-1 was significantly elevated at all post-exercise time points (p = 0.002 (-) 0.033). CCR2 expression was significantly lower at IP, 1H, 2H and 5H post-exercise (p = 0.020 (-) 0.040). In contrast, CD11b receptor expression was significantly greater at 1H relative to BL (p = 0.001), while GCR expression was not significantly different from baseline at any time point. As expected, plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly higher following VOL compared to HVY (p = 0.001), although this did not appear to be related to changes in receptor expression. Plasma testosterone concentrations and TNFr1 receptor expression did not appear to be affected by resistance exercise. Our results do not support a role for cortisol in the modulation of CCR2 receptors in vivo, while the degree of muscle damage does not appear to influence plasma concentrations of TNF?, or MCP-1. It is therefore likely that both HVY and VOL protocols constitute an exercise stimulus that is sufficient enough to promote a robust pro-inflammatory response, which is similar in timing and magnitude.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005736, ucf:50088
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005736