Current Search: Drink (x)
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Title
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Extracurricular Activities and Substance Use Among Adolescents: A Test of Social Control and Social Learning Theory.
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Creator
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Coto, Lynnette, Ford, Jason, Corzine, Harold, Reckdenwald, Amy, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The current research examines correlates of adolescent substance use with a focus on extracurricular activities. Given that marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug, and binge drinking can have an early onset the examinations of these two substances were important. Many studies have researched the correlation between substance use and sports, but have not included other extracurricular activities such as academic and fine art clubs. The current research fills this gap in the literature...
Show moreThe current research examines correlates of adolescent substance use with a focus on extracurricular activities. Given that marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug, and binge drinking can have an early onset the examinations of these two substances were important. Many studies have researched the correlation between substance use and sports, but have not included other extracurricular activities such as academic and fine art clubs. The current research fills this gap in the literature by using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and by testing Hirschi's (1969) Social Control Theory and Aker's (1985) Social Learning Theory. The current research identified fine art and academic clubs as protective factors for adolescent substance use. There is limited research on the link between adolescent substance use and extracurricular activities and based on my findings that academic and fine arts clubs can decrease the likelihood of substance use, continued research is needed to better identify users, causes for risk and preventative factors, short and long term ramifications, and the theoretical correlations of use.
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Date Issued
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2016
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Identifier
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CFE0006287, ucf:51607
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006287
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Title
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PUBS, PUNTERS, AND PINTS: ANTHROPOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON PUB LIFE IN IRELAND.
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Creator
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Cucchiara, Jason, Matejowsky, Ty, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Ireland is a country with a rich and unique cultural heritage. It is difficult to imagine that certain facets of Irish culture (e.g. Saint Patrick's Day, the Blarney Stone, or the Ring of Kerry) can ever be taken for granted since they are so widely recognized internationally. One common feature of Irish life that possibly warrants more scholarly attention is the public house or pub. Much has been written about pubs as quaint institutions in popular literature and fiction. Curiously, they...
Show moreIreland is a country with a rich and unique cultural heritage. It is difficult to imagine that certain facets of Irish culture (e.g. Saint Patrick's Day, the Blarney Stone, or the Ring of Kerry) can ever be taken for granted since they are so widely recognized internationally. One common feature of Irish life that possibly warrants more scholarly attention is the public house or pub. Much has been written about pubs as quaint institutions in popular literature and fiction. Curiously, they remain largely overlooked as vital aspects of Irish culture by anthropologists and others in the social sciences. In many ways, socio-cultural research on pub life in Ireland is woefully under examined. In an effort to better evaluate the significance of traditional pub life to Irish culture, my thesis seeks to integrate and critically assess the existing socio-cultural literature on Irish pub life. Such work will not only help highlight both the commonalities and discrepancies within this area of study, it will more significantly identify those areas of Irish pub life that can benefit from further academic investigation. Two recent trips to Ireland in September 2004 and May 2006, allowed me to observe important aspects of pub life first hand. It became apparent from these encounters that, like the history of Ireland itself, local pubs have a rich historical foundation. Many of the pubs that I visited have been in existence or operational since the Middle Ages. Based on this longevity, one can reasonably argue that pubs in Ireland function largely as locales of social significance and cultural reproduction, not just centers of recreational drinking. Using my travel experience as a starting point for the critical analysis phase of this thesis project, I have developed three general research questions that I will explore to varying degrees in the context of this work. These are: (1) what are the origins of pubs in Ireland?; (2) what explicit and implicit functions do pubs serve in Irish communities?; and (3) what possible developments are likely to affect Irish pubs in the near and distant future?
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Date Issued
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2009
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Identifier
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CFE0002578, ucf:48255
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002578
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Title
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Evaluation of an On-Line Device to Monitor Scale Formation in a Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process.
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Creator
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Roque, Jennifer, Duranceau, Steven, Randall, Andrew, Zhang, Husen, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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A modified two-element membrane pressure vessel assembly has been used to monitor process operational changes in a full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment plant (WTP). This study evaluated the effectiveness of the assembly as an on-line monitoring device intended to detect scale formation conditions when connected to an operating RO process train. This study was implemented to support the requirements of a larger University of Central Florida (UCF) research project ongoing at the city...
Show moreA modified two-element membrane pressure vessel assembly has been used to monitor process operational changes in a full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment plant (WTP). This study evaluated the effectiveness of the assembly as an on-line monitoring device intended to detect scale formation conditions when connected to an operating RO process train. This study was implemented to support the requirements of a larger University of Central Florida (UCF) research project ongoing at the city of Sarasota's Public Works and Utilities (City) water treatment facilities located in Sarasota, Florida. During the time-frame of this study, the City was in the process of eliminating their sulfuric acid feed from the pretreatment system of their existing 4.5 million gallon per day (MGD) RO membrane process. The City was motivated to eliminate its dependence on sulfuric acid to reduce operating costs as well as reduce operation health and safety risks associated with the use of the acid as a pretreatment chemical. Because the City was concerned with secondary process impacts associated with acid elimination, additional measures were desired in order to protect the full-scale process.This thesis reports on the design, fabrication and installation of a third-stage two membrane element pressure vessel (")canary(") sentinel monitoring device (Canary), its effectiveness as an on-line scaling monitor during full-scale acid elimination, and presents the results of the study. The Canary sentinel device was controlled using the normalized specific flux of the two membrane elements fed by a portion of the second stage concentrate of one of the City's full-scale RO process skids. Although the Canary demonstrated the ability to detect changes in an RO process operation, scaling did not occur under the conditions evaluated in this study. An autopsy of one of the Canary elements revealed that no scaling had occurred during the acid elimination process. Therefore, the Canary was found to be useful in its function as a sentinel, even though no scaling was detected by the device after acid elimination at the City's full-scale plant had been accomplished.
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Date Issued
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2012
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Identifier
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CFE0004433, ucf:49353
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004433
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Title
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Assessment of a Surface Water Supply for Source and Treated Distribution System Quality.
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Creator
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Rodriguez, Angela, Duranceau, Steven, Lee, Woo Hyoung, Sadmani, A H M Anwar, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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This study focused on providing a source to tap assessment of surface water systems with respect to (i) the use of alternative biomonitoring tools, (ii) disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation and control, and (iii) corrosion control. In the first study component, two water systems were microbiologically evaluated using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence technology. It was determined that microbial ATP was useful as a surrogate for biomonitoring within a surface water system when...
Show moreThis study focused on providing a source to tap assessment of surface water systems with respect to (i) the use of alternative biomonitoring tools, (ii) disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation and control, and (iii) corrosion control. In the first study component, two water systems were microbiologically evaluated using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence technology. It was determined that microbial ATP was useful as a surrogate for biomonitoring within a surface water system when paired with traditional methods. Although microbial activity differed between distribution systems that used either chloramine or chlorine disinfectant, in both cases flowrate and season affected microbial ATP values. In the second study component, total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and haloacetic acids (HAA5) DBP formation and disinfectant stability was investigated using a novel DBP control process. The method relied on a combination of sulfate, ultraviolet light irradiation, pH, and aeration unit operations. Results indicate respective decreases in 7-day TTHM and HAA5 formation potentials of 36% - 57% and 20% - 47% for the surface waters investigated. In the third component of this work, a corrosion study assessed the effect of disinfectant chemical transitions on the corrosion rates of common distribution system metals. When a chlorine based disinfection system transitioned between chlorine and chloramine, mild steel corrosion increased by 0.45 mils per year (mpy) under chloramine and returned to baseline corrosion rates under chlorine. However, when a chloramine based disinfection system transitioned between chloramine and chlorine, mild steel corrosion increased in tandem with total chlorine levels. Unlike the chlorine system, the mild steel corrosion rates did not return to baseline under chloramine after exposure to 5 mg/L of total chlorine. Surface water systems should consider the use of ATP as a surrogate for biomonitoring, consider the novel treatment process for DBP formation control, and consider corrosion control in disinfectant decision-making activities.
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Date Issued
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2019
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Identifier
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CFE0007901, ucf:52751
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007901
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Title
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Rethinking Drinking: A Paradigm Shift for Estimating Social and Behavioral Harm.
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Creator
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Hall, Thomas, Wright, James, Gay, David, Cook, Ida, Dunn, Michael, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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This study challenges old saws about negative consequences attributed to alcohol use. Previous research findings associate negative social and behavioral consequences with alcohol consumption, as if college students only do regrettable things when they are drunk. Typical research related to negative consequences and alcohol use relies on retrospective self-reporting. Investigators often frame negative consequences as outcomes of problematic drinking or, as more commonly labeled, "binge...
Show moreThis study challenges old saws about negative consequences attributed to alcohol use. Previous research findings associate negative social and behavioral consequences with alcohol consumption, as if college students only do regrettable things when they are drunk. Typical research related to negative consequences and alcohol use relies on retrospective self-reporting. Investigators often frame negative consequences as outcomes of problematic drinking or, as more commonly labeled, "binge drinking." In the nomenclature of prevention, binge drinking is not a direct measure of alcohol use resulting in intoxication; it is a hypothetical tipping point, predicting an increased likelihood of the incidence of negative consequences at some (often unspecified) point in the path between (")sober(") and (")drunk(").It is obvious that social and behavioral distress and misbehavior are not limited to drinking. Students miss class, express regrets, say or do embarrassing things, and get injured while sober as well as while drinking. Contemporary measures of alcohol-related negative consequences do not typically control for the prevalence of negative consequences when respondents are sober as well as when they are drinking. Thus it is unclear if the association between drinking and negative consequences is exclusively attributable to alcohol consumption, as is frequently assumed. Self-reported alcohol-related negative consequences might reflect a priori attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors and be unrelated to drinking. The prevalence of social complications unassociated with drinking merits investigation. A better understanding of the overall prevalence of negative consequences is needed to test the notion that drinking, binge drinking in particular, leads to numerous negative consequences presently reported in the alcohol studies literature.
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Date Issued
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2016
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Identifier
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CFE0006112, ucf:51196
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006112
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Title
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A Comparison of Aluminum and Iron-based Coagulants for Treatment of Surface Water in Sarasota County, Florida.
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Creator
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Yonge, David, Duranceau, Steven, Randall, Andrew, Cooper, Charles, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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In this research, five different coagulants were evaluated to determine their effectiveness at removing turbidity, color and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a surface water in Sarasota County, Florida. Bench-scale jar tests that simulated conventional coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes were used. Iron-based coagulants (ferric chloride and ferric sulfate) and aluminum-based coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH)) were...
Show moreIn this research, five different coagulants were evaluated to determine their effectiveness at removing turbidity, color and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a surface water in Sarasota County, Florida. Bench-scale jar tests that simulated conventional coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation processes were used. Iron-based coagulants (ferric chloride and ferric sulfate) and aluminum-based coagulants (aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH)) were used to treat a highly organic surface water supply (DOC ranging between 10 and 30 mg/L), known as the Cow Pen Slough, located within central Sarasota County, Florida. Isopleths depicting DOC and color removal efficiencies as a function of both pH and coagulant dose were developed and evaluated. Ferric chloride and ACH were observed to obtain the highest DOC (85% and 70%, respectively) and color (98% and 97%, respectively) removals at the lowest dose concentrations (120 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively). Ferric sulfate was effective at DOC removal but required a higher concentration of coagulant and was the least effective coagulant at removing color. The traditional iron-based coagulants and alum had low turbidity removals and they were often observed to add turbidity to the water. PACl and ACH had similar percent removals for color and turbidity achieving consistent percent removals of 95% and 45%, respectively, but PACl was less effective than ACH at removing organics. Sludge settling curves, dose-sludge production ratios, and settling velocities were determined at optimum DOC removal conditions for each coagulant. Ferric chloride was found to have the highest sludge settling rate but also produced the largest sludge quantities. Total trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was measured for the water treated with ferric chloride and ACH. As with DOC removal, ferric chloride yielded a higher percent reduction with respect to THMFP.
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Date Issued
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2012
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Identifier
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CFE0004621, ucf:49936
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004621
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Title
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Ozone and GAC Treatment of a Central Florida Groundwater for Sulfide and Disinfectant By-Product Control.
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Creator
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Lamoureux, Tara, Duranceau, Steven, Randall, Andrew, Wang, Dingbao, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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This study evaluated the combination of ozone and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment for the removal of sulfide and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors in drinking water at the pilot-scale. The research conducted was performed at the Auxiliary (Aux) and Main Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) in Sanford, Florida. Both WTPs rely upon groundwater sources that contain total sulfide ranging from 0.02 to 2.35 mg/L and total organic carbon (TOC) ranging from 0.61 to 2.20 mg/L. The Aux WTP's...
Show moreThis study evaluated the combination of ozone and granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment for the removal of sulfide and disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors in drinking water at the pilot-scale. The research conducted was performed at the Auxiliary (Aux) and Main Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) in Sanford, Florida. Both WTPs rely upon groundwater sources that contain total sulfide ranging from 0.02 to 2.35 mg/L and total organic carbon (TOC) ranging from 0.61 to 2.20 mg/L. The Aux WTP's raw water contains, on average, 88% more sulfide and 24% more TOC than the Main WTP. Haloacetic acids (HAA5) and total trihalomethanes (TTHMs) comprise the regulated forms of DBPs. HAA5 are consistently below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 60 ?g/L, while TTHM ranges from 70 to 110 ?g/L, at times exceeding the MCL of 80 ?g/L in the distribution system. Ozone alone removed total sulfide and reduced UV-254 by about 60% at the Aux Plant and 35% at the Main Plant. Producing an ozone residual of 0.50 mg/L prevented the formation of bromate while removing approximately 35 to 60% concentration of DBP precursors as measured by UV-254. Operating the GAC unit at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 10 minutes for the Aux Plant and 5.5 minutes for the Main Plant resulted in 75% and 53% of UV-254 reduction, respectively. The average 120 hour TTHM formation potential for the Aux and Main Plants were 66 ?g/L and 52 ?g/L, respectively, after treatment by ozone and GAC. GAC exhaustion was deemed to have occurred after seven weeks for the Aux Plant and eleven weeks for the Main Plant. The GAC columns operated in three phases: an adsorption phase, a transitional phase, and a biologically activated carbon (BAC) phase. The GAC adsorption phase was found to produce the lowest TTHMs; however, TTHMs remained less than 80 ?g/L during the BAC stage at each plant. BAC exhaustion did not occur during the course of this study. Ozone-GAC reduced chlorine demand by 73% for the Aux Plant and 10% for the Main Plant.
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Date Issued
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2013
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Identifier
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CFE0004708, ucf:49824
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004708
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Title
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Integrating Spray Aeration and Granular Activated Carbon for Disinfection By-Product Control in a Potable Water System.
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Creator
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Rodriguez, Angela, Duranceau, Steven, Lee, Woo Hyoung, Sadmani, A H M Anwar, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Public water systems add disinfectants in water treatment to inactivate microbial pathogens. Chlorine, when used as a disinfectant, reacts with natural organic matter in the water to form trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA5) disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are suspected carcinogens. The Safe Drinking Water Act's Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) Rules were promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to regulate the amount of DBPs in water systems....
Show morePublic water systems add disinfectants in water treatment to inactivate microbial pathogens. Chlorine, when used as a disinfectant, reacts with natural organic matter in the water to form trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA5) disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are suspected carcinogens. The Safe Drinking Water Act's Disinfectant and Disinfection By-Product (D/DBP) Rules were promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to regulate the amount of DBPs in water systems. Regulatory compliance is based on maximum contaminant levels (MCL), measured as a locational running annual average (LRAA), for total THM (TTHM) and HAA5 of 80 (&)#181;g/L and 60 (&)#181;g/L, respectively. Regulated DBPs, if consumed in excess of EPA's MCL standard over many years, may increase chronic health risks. In order to comply with the D/DBP Rules, the County of Maui Department of Water Supply (DWS) adopted two DBP control technologies. A GridBee(&)#174; spray-aeration process was place into DWS's Lower Kula water system's Brooks ground storage tank in February of 2013. In March of 2015 the second DBP control technology, granular activated carbon (GAC), was integrated into DWS's Pi'iholo surface water treatment plant. To investigate the integration effectiveness of GAC and spray-aeration into a water system for DBP control, DBP data was gathered from the system between August of 2011 and August 2016, and analyzed relative to cost and performance.Prior to the spray aeration and GAC integration, it was found that TTHM levels at the LRAA compliance site ranged between 58.5 (&)#181;g/L and 125 (&)#181;g/L (at times exceeding the MCL). Additionally, HAA5 levels at the LRAA compliance site ranged between 21.2 and 52.0 (&)#181;g/L. The concerted efforts of the GAC and GridBee(&)#174; system was found to reduce LRAA TTHM and HAA5 concentrations to 38.5 (&)#181;g/L and 20.5 (&)#181;g/L, respectively, in the Lower Kula system. Hypothesis testing utilizing t-Tests confirmed that TTHMs levels were controlled by the spray aeration system and the GAC was responsible for controlling HAA5 formation. Although TTHM levels were reduced by 58 percent, and HAA5 levels by 48 percent, the estimated cumulative annual operation and maintenance (O(&)M) cost of the two systems was $1,036,000. In light of the cost analysis, total organic carbon (TOC)-based models for predicting LRAA TTHM and HAA5 levels were developed as equation (i) and (ii), respectively:(i) TTHM (&)#181;g/L = (32.5 x (TOC ppm)) + 5.59, (ii) HAA5 (&)#181;g/L = (8.37 x (TOC ppm)) + 12.4.The TTHM model yielded an R2 of 0.93, and the HAA5 model had an R2 of 0.52. F-Tests comparing predicted LRAA TTHM and HAA5 levels to actual LRAA TTHM and HAA5 levels determined no statistically-significant difference. With the knowledge of how the GAC and spray aerator controlled DBPs in the water system, a cost-effective and practical treatment operating parameter was developed. The parameter, Pi'iholo water plant filter effluent TOC content, can serve as an indicator that operators would use to alter DBP treatment process flow set points to achieve cost-effective treatment. Furthermore, the significant annual cost contribution by the GAC, coupled with HAA5 levels below DWS's MCLG, led to the recommendation of variable frequency drive (VFD) pumps for the GAC system. The addition of VFD pumps should reduce the frequency of carbon change outs while preserving adequate HAA5 control in the system.
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Date Issued
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2016
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Identifier
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CFE0006841, ucf:52881
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006841
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Title
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Trihalomethane Removal and Re-Formation in Spray Aeration Processes Treating Disinfected Groundwater.
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Creator
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Smith, Cassandra, Duranceau, Steven, Randall, Andrew, Lee, Woo Hyoung, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Historically, chlorination has been widely utilized as a primary and secondary disinfectant in municipal water supplies. Although chlorine disinfection is effective in inactivating pathogenic microbes, the use of chlorine creates the unintentional formation of regulated chemicals. On January 4, 2006, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the Stage 2 Disinfectants/Disinfection by-product rule (DBPR) that focuses on public health protection by limiting exposure to...
Show moreHistorically, chlorination has been widely utilized as a primary and secondary disinfectant in municipal water supplies. Although chlorine disinfection is effective in inactivating pathogenic microbes, the use of chlorine creates the unintentional formation of regulated chemicals. On January 4, 2006, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the Stage 2 Disinfectants/Disinfection by-product rule (DBPR) that focuses on public health protection by limiting exposure to four trihalomethanes (THM) and five haloacetic acids (HAA5), formed when chlorine is used for microbial pathogen control. This thesis examines post-aeration TTHM formation when employing spray-aeration processes to remove semi-volatile TTHMs from chlorinated potable water supplies.A bench scale air stripping unit was designed, constructed and operated to evaluate spray aeration for the removal of the four regulated trihalomethane (THM) species from potable drinking water including bromodichloromethane, bromoform, dibromochloromethane, chloroform. The study was conducted using finished bulk water samples collected from two different water treatment facilities (WTFs) located in Oviedo and Babson Park, Florida. Both treatment plants treat groundwater; however, Oviedo's Mitchell Hammock WTF (MHWTF) supply wells contain dissolved organic carbon and bromide DBP precursors whereas the Babson Park WTF #2 (BPWTF2) supply well contains dissolved organic carbon DBP precursors but is absent of bromide precursor. Three treatment scenarios were studied to monitor impacts on total trihalomethane (TTHM) removal and post-treatment (post-aeration) TTHM formation potential, including 1) no treatment (non-aerated control samples), 2) spray aeration via specially fabricated GridBee(&)#174; nozzle for laboratory-scale applications, 3) spray aeration via a commercially available manufactured BETE(&)#174; nozzle used for full-scale applications. Select water quality parameters, chlorine residual, and total trihalomethane concentrations were monitored throughout the study. The GridBee(&)#174; spray nozzle resulted in TTHM removals ranging from 45.2 (&)#177; 3.3% for the BPWTF2 samples, and 37.7 (&)#177; 3.1% for the MHWTF samples. The BETE(&)#174; spray nozzle removed 54.7(&)#177;3.9% and 48.1(&)#177;6.6% of total trihalomethanes for the Babson Park and Mitchell Hammock WTF samples, respectively. The lower percent removals at the MHWTF are attributed to the detectable presence of bromide and subsequent formation of hypobromous acid in the samples. Post spray aeration TTHM formation potentials were monitored and it was found that the MHWTF experienced significantly higher formation potentials, once again due to the presence of hypobromous acid which led to increases in overall TTHM formation over time in comparison with the Babson Park WTF #2 TTHM formation samples. In addition, chlorine residuals were maintained post spray aeration treatment, and initial chlorine residual and trihalomethane concentrations did not significantly impact overall spray nozzle performance. Among other findings, it was concluded that spray nozzle aeration is a feasible option for the Babson Park WTF #2 for TTHM compliance. For Oviedo's Mitchell Hammock WTF spray aeration was successful in removing TTHMs, however it was not effective in maintaining DBP rule compliance due to the excessive nature of DBP formation in the water samples. This study was not intended to serve as an assessment of varying nozzle technologies; rather, the focus was on the application of spray aerators for TTHM removal and post-formation in drinking water systems.
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Date Issued
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2015
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Identifier
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CFE0005715, ucf:50117
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005715
Pages