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QUANTIFICATION OF EMISSIONS FROM LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT IN CENTRAL FLORIDA
Title
QUANTIFICATION OF EMISSIONS FROM LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT IN CENTRAL FLORIDA.
Creator
Crum, Megan, Cooper, C. David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The objective of this study was to evaluate the practical limits of EPA s NONROAD 2005 to accurately simulate Central Florida conditions, especially with regard to lawn and garden equipment. In particular we investigated a NONROAD emission inventory using default inputs and then created a locally specific emission inventory. These emission inventories were prepared for Orange, Osceola, and Seminole county and focused only on the VOC and NOx emissions caused by lawn and garden equipment....
Show moreThe objective of this study was to evaluate the practical limits of EPA s NONROAD 2005 to accurately simulate Central Florida conditions, especially with regard to lawn and garden equipment. In particular we investigated a NONROAD emission inventory using default inputs and then created a locally specific emission inventory. These emission inventories were prepared for Orange, Osceola, and Seminole county and focused only on the VOC and NOx emissions caused by lawn and garden equipment. The model was manipulated to assess its ability to represent this specific category of nonroad equipment for a given airshed first by running a base case scenario using default data and then by developing a locally-specific scenario through administration of a survey. The primary purpose of the survey was to evaluate local values for equipment population, equipment characteristics, activity estimates, and other relevant information. To develop these local input estimates, data were collected concerning population and usage statistics in the Central Florida area and were combined with emission factors, load factors, allocation factors, and other needed values that have been previously established by the U.S. EPA. The results of the NONROAD model were compared with the resulting emission estimates calculated from locally derived inputs, and as a result of the analysis an accurate emission estimate was calculated. In addition, several possible air quality action steps were further assessed according to feasibility, cost, and predicted emission benefit. These potential management projects were further investigated by assessing the success of other similar projects in other cities in an effort to establish specific costs and emission benefits as they relate to the tri-county area.
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Date Issued
2007
Identifier
CFE0001834, ucf:47357
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001834
EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND FLAME UNSTEADINESS ON NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS FROM LAMINAR HYDROGEN JET DIFFUSION FLAMES
Title
EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND FLAME UNSTEADINESS ON NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS FROM LAMINAR HYDROGEN JET DIFFUSION FLAMES.
Creator
Park, Doyoub, Chen, Ruey-Hung, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Experimental studies on the coupled effects of transport properties and unsteady fluid dynamics have been conducted on laminar, acoustically forced, hydrogen jet diffusion flames diluted by argon and helium. The primary purpose of this research is to determine how the fuel Lewis number and the flow unsteadiness play a combined role in maximum flame temperature and affect NOx emission from jet diffusion flame. The fuel Lewis number is varied by increasing/decreasing the mole fraction of...
Show moreExperimental studies on the coupled effects of transport properties and unsteady fluid dynamics have been conducted on laminar, acoustically forced, hydrogen jet diffusion flames diluted by argon and helium. The primary purpose of this research is to determine how the fuel Lewis number and the flow unsteadiness play a combined role in maximum flame temperature and affect NOx emission from jet diffusion flame. The fuel Lewis number is varied by increasing/decreasing the mole fraction of diluents in the fuel stream. Therefore, maximum flame temperatures and then NOx emission levels were expected to differ for Ar- and He-diluted flames. In an investigation of unsteady flames, two different frequencies (10 and 100 Hz) were applied to observe a behavior of NOx emission levels and flame lengths by changes of unsteady fluid dynamics and transport properties.
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Date Issued
2005
Identifier
CFE0000646, ucf:46535
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000646
A STUDY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA NONROAD VOC AND NOX EMISSIONS AND POTENTIAL ACTIONS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS
Title
A STUDY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA NONROAD VOC AND NOX EMISSIONS AND POTENTIAL ACTIONS TO REDUCE EMISSIONS.
Creator
Radford, Michael, Cooper, C. David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Ground-level ozone is harmful to the human respiratory system, as well as the environment. The national EPA 8-hour ozone standard for ground-level ozone was reduced from 85 parts per billion (ppb) to 75 ppb in 2008, and trends from previous years show that some of the counties in Central Florida could be in danger of violation. Violation means "non attainment" status; in which the county is ordered by EPA to develop specific implementation plans to reduce its emissions. The objective of this...
Show moreGround-level ozone is harmful to the human respiratory system, as well as the environment. The national EPA 8-hour ozone standard for ground-level ozone was reduced from 85 parts per billion (ppb) to 75 ppb in 2008, and trends from previous years show that some of the counties in Central Florida could be in danger of violation. Violation means "non attainment" status; in which the county is ordered by EPA to develop specific implementation plans to reduce its emissions. The objective of this study was to compile an emissions inventory of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from nonroad equipment in Osceola, Seminole, and Orange Counties (OSO) in Central Florida, and to develop possible action steps to reduce those emissions. This is important because VOC and NOx emissions are precursors to ground-level ozone. Thus, compiling emissions inventories is important to identify high VOC and NOx emitters. Mobile and point sources have long been the highest emitters of VOC and NOx and have therefore been targeted and monitored since the Clean Air Act of 1970, but the nonroad sources (such as construction and lawn equipment) have only been regulated since the 1990s. Using the NONROAD and NMIM modeling programs, the highest nonroad emitters of VOC for Central Florida were found to be lawn/garden equipment, and boating equipment, emitting a combined percentage of 77% of the total nonroad mobile source VOC. Construction equipment contributed 67% of the total nonroad mobile source emissions of NOx in Central Florida. The components of these categories were also analyzed to find the largest individual sources of VOC and NOx. Of the individual sources, lawn mowers and outboard boat engines were found to be the largest sources of VOCs. Of the NOx sources, all the construction equipment components had a relatively similar level of NOx emissions. Next, action steps were developed to reduce emissions, focusing on the high emitters, along with an estimated cost and feasibility for each measure. Of these steps, implementing a ban on leafblowers, and reducing use of lawn mowers, edgers, trimmers, etc. seemed to be the most effective for reducing VOCs. Although these are effective measures, the cost and feasibility of both pose challenges. The best action step for reducing NOx emissions in construction equipment seemed to be by simply reducing idling of equipment on job sites. This also poses challenges in feasibility and enforcement by management. Further, constant on/off cycles could result in decreasing the useful life of the older construction equipment. Finally, a survey was conducted with various construction managers and companies to find out the typical equipment and quantity needed for land clearing/grubbing, as well as the typical use, idling time, and total project time for each piece of equipment on a 10-acre site, under various conditions. The purpose of the study was to develop a rough estimate for the average amount of VOC and NOx emissions that will be produced per acre of land clearing activities, and to estimate the emissions reductions and cost savings if idling of the equipment was reduced.
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Date Issued
2009
Identifier
CFE0002850, ucf:48064
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002850