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THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PERCEPTUAL VARIABLES ON A YOUNG ADULT'S DECISION TO PURCHASE HEALTH PRIVATE INSURANCE
Title
THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC AND PERCEPTUAL VARIABLES ON A YOUNG ADULT'S DECISION TO PURCHASE HEALTH PRIVATE INSURANCE.
Creator
Cantiello, John, Fottler, Myron, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Each year the number of uninsured individuals in the United States continues to grow. This unfortunate occurrence creates negative consequences for those who are uninsured, but also for those who are covered by health insurance plans. Through cost-shifting practices, hospitals and other healthcare organizations are increasing the cost of other healthcare services to help subsidize the care they must provide for those who cannot pay for that care. There have been attempts to solve this problem...
Show moreEach year the number of uninsured individuals in the United States continues to grow. This unfortunate occurrence creates negative consequences for those who are uninsured, but also for those who are covered by health insurance plans. Through cost-shifting practices, hospitals and other healthcare organizations are increasing the cost of other healthcare services to help subsidize the care they must provide for those who cannot pay for that care. There have been attempts to solve this problem, but a successful solution has not been implemented. Rather than attempt to study the entire uninsured population, this study seeks to determine precisely why young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 are the largest segment of our population that does not purchase health insurance. Socioeconomic status, perceived health, cost, gender, race, and perceived need are all examined in order to determine what type of relationship each one has with a young adult's decision to purchase private health insurance. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze data obtained from the 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. This study is unique because is includes latent variables and examines a variable that is not often included in health insurance studies that exist in the literature, perceived need. The results of the study indicate that being uninsured is largely a matter of having a higher socioeconomic status and being a non-minority. Perceived health, cost, gender, and perceived need were not shown to have a significant relationship with the dependent variable, private health insurance coverage.
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Date Issued
2008
Identifier
CFE0002147, ucf:47527
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002147
Factors Influencing unmet Medical Need among U.S. Adults: Disparities in Access to Health Services
Title
Factors Influencing unmet Medical Need among U.S. Adults: Disparities in Access to Health Services.
Creator
Khanijahani, Ahmad, Wan, Thomas, Malvey, Donna, Liu, Albert Xinliang, Anderson, Kim, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Inequities in access to health services has negative consequences on individual well-being, and imposes financial and emotional burden on patients, families, health care systems, and the public. Inequities engendered from differences in socioeconomic status, health insurance coverage, race, and other characteristics can engender disparities. This study aimed to identify the potential predictors of unmet medical need among the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. Inability to receive...
Show moreInequities in access to health services has negative consequences on individual well-being, and imposes financial and emotional burden on patients, families, health care systems, and the public. Inequities engendered from differences in socioeconomic status, health insurance coverage, race, and other characteristics can engender disparities. This study aimed to identify the potential predictors of unmet medical need among the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. adults. Inability to receive needed medical care or receiving medical care after a delay, due to the associated costs, constructed unmet medical need. This study used a four-year (2014-2017) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data (sample size: 296,301 adults) and implemented a conceptual framework to study disparities in access to health services and estimate the relative importance of predisposing, enabling, and need factors as the predictors of unmet medical need. Findings from machine learning and logistics regression models highlight the importance of health insurance coverage as a key contributing factor of health disparities. About 60% of variation in unmet medical need was predictable, with over 90% accuracy, solely with health insurance coverage status. Self-rated health status, family structure, and family income to poverty ratio were other statistically significant predictors. Even after controlling for a wide variety of sociodemographic and health status variables such as age, gender, perceived health status, education, income, etc., health insurance remains significantly associated with unmet medical need (OR: 5.03, 95%CI: 4.67-5.42). To ensure precise national estimates, proper survey data analysis methods were incorporated to account for the complex sampling method used by NHIS. Furthermore, the enabling factors (health insurance and income) exert much more weight on unmet medical need than predisposing factors and need factors. The findings raise the concerns about the existence and magnitude of disparities in health care access and provide a comprehensive framework to a target population for understanding the sources of health inequities with data-driven evidence. Results can be utilized to address potential areas for designing public policy and program interventions by identifying the relative vulnerability of different population groups for lacking access to affordable health services. Future studies using longitudinal panel data are necessary to establish a causal relationship between the predictors and unmet medical need.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFE0007477, ucf:52686
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007477
Interaction between income, health insurance, and self-rated health: A path analysis.
Title
Interaction between income, health insurance, and self-rated health: A path analysis.
Creator
Ashley West, Atalie, Unruh, Lynn, Malvey, Donna, Gau, Jacinta, Martin, Lawrence, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The political focus of equitable health outcomes in the United States have long centered on access to medical care. However, there is compelling evidence that access to medical care is only the bare minimum necessary to achieve health, and the true influence of health insurance on health is still unclear. Widely accepted models of health estimate that less than 20% of health outcomes can be attributed to clinical care, while greater than 50% is related to social and economic determinants of...
Show moreThe political focus of equitable health outcomes in the United States have long centered on access to medical care. However, there is compelling evidence that access to medical care is only the bare minimum necessary to achieve health, and the true influence of health insurance on health is still unclear. Widely accepted models of health estimate that less than 20% of health outcomes can be attributed to clinical care, while greater than 50% is related to social and economic determinants of health, with income being the most consistent predictor. As a result, this study investigated whether earned income is related to insurance status on the one hand and self-rated health on the other; whether the association between income and self-rated health is indirectly influenced by the presence of health insurance (-)namely private health insurance; whether there are differences in self-rated health between the privately insured, the publicly insured, and the uninsured; and if duration of uninsurance was inversely associated with self-rated health. As hypothesized, higher income was associated with having health insurance, and in particular private insurance. Among all included predictor variables, higher income and private insurance are the strongest predictors of higher self-rated health, and lower income and Medicaid were the strongest predictors of lower self-rated health. This study affirms that the health of persons with Medicaid is more similar to persons who are uninsured, and the health of persons with private insurance is more similar to those with Medicare. The association between income and self-rated health is indirectly influenced by health insurance. Age and education exerted the strongest overall influence on self-rated health: older respondents had lower self-rated health, and more educated respondents had higher self-rated health. And as uninsurance duration increased, self-rated health decreased. Additional studies are recommended to improve health insurance policy.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007308, ucf:52151
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007308
HEALTH INSURANCE STATUS AND DIABETES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG BLACK ADULTS IN THE U.S.
Title
HEALTH INSURANCE STATUS AND DIABETES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG BLACK ADULTS IN THE U.S.
Creator
Rosier, Luderve, Wells, Brittny, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health insurance status and diabetes management (in terms of medication adherence and physical activity levels) in Black adults based on socioeconomic factors. Data were harvested from the Sample Adult Questionnaires of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) between the years of 2010 and 2016. The survey questions that were collected included information about the participants' income, education level, insurance status...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health insurance status and diabetes management (in terms of medication adherence and physical activity levels) in Black adults based on socioeconomic factors. Data were harvested from the Sample Adult Questionnaires of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) between the years of 2010 and 2016. The survey questions that were collected included information about the participants' income, education level, insurance status, diabetes diagnosis, medication therapy and physical activity levels. This study employed the most recent version of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The association between diabetes management and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using chi-square analysis. It was hypothesized that Black adults who were uninsured, lower income, and less-educated would report lower adherence to medication and lower physical activity participation when compared to their insured, higher income, and higher-educated counterparts. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between health insurance status and diabetes management in people of different socioeconomic status. Too few people met the weekly recommendations for moderate exercise thus chi-square outcomes for physical activity were invalid. This study will be beneficial for future research as it has provided more generalizable information on this topic due to the use of a national dataset. This study also highlighted the importance of adequate physical activity interventions for this population and can be used for further research on Black adults with diabetes.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFH2000303, ucf:45751
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000303
Constructing and Validating an Integrative Economic Model of Health Care Systems and Health Care Markets: A Comparative Analysis of OECD Countries
Title
Constructing and Validating an Integrative Economic Model of Health Care Systems and Health Care Markets: A Comparative Analysis of OECD Countries.
Creator
Helligso, Jesse, Wan, Thomas, Liu, Albert Xinliang, King, Christian, Hamann, Kerstin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This dissertation argues that there are three basic types of health care systems used in industrial nations: free market (private insurance and provision), universal (public insurance and private provision), and socialized (public insurance and provision). It examines the role of market forces (supply and demand) within the health care systems and their effects on health outcomes by constructing an integrative model of health care markets and policies that is lacking within the scientific and...
Show moreThis dissertation argues that there are three basic types of health care systems used in industrial nations: free market (private insurance and provision), universal (public insurance and private provision), and socialized (public insurance and provision). It examines the role of market forces (supply and demand) within the health care systems and their effects on health outcomes by constructing an integrative model of health care markets and policies that is lacking within the scientific and academic literature. The results show that, free market systems have decreased access to care, good quality of care, and are economically inefficient resulting in 2.7 years of life expectancy lost and wasted expenditures (expenditures that do not increase life expectancy) of $3474 per capita ($1.12 trillion per year in the U.S.). Socialized systems are the most economically efficient systems but have decreased access to care compared to universal systems, increased access to care compared to free market systems and have the lowest quality of care of all three systems resulting in 3 months of life expectancy lost per capita and a saving of $335 per capita. Universal systems perform better than either of the other 2 systems based on quality and access to care. The models show that health insurance is a Giffen Good; a good that defies the law of demand. This study is the first fully demonstrated case of a Giffen good. This investigation shows how the theoretically informed integrative model behaves as predicted and influences health outcomes contingent upon the system type. To test and substantiate this integrative model, regression analysis, Time-Series-Cross-Section analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed using longitudinal data provided and standardized by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The results demonstrate that universal health care systems are superior to the other two systems.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007335, ucf:52114
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007335