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INJECTION TECHNIQUES OF SUBCUTANEOUS ANTICOAGULANT THERAPIES
Title
INJECTION TECHNIQUES OF SUBCUTANEOUS ANTICOAGULANT THERAPIES.
Creator
Morissette, Leah, Desmarais, Paul, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Subcutaneous anticoagulant medications like Heparin and Low-Molecular Weight Heparin are injections that readily cause bruising, pain, induration, and hematoma formation at the injection site. It is known that these adverse reactions can be correlated to the technique used to administer these medications; however, there is no established technique that reduces bruising, pain, induration, and hematoma formation at the site. Currently, the only protocol for subcutaneous Heparin and Low...
Show moreSubcutaneous anticoagulant medications like Heparin and Low-Molecular Weight Heparin are injections that readily cause bruising, pain, induration, and hematoma formation at the injection site. It is known that these adverse reactions can be correlated to the technique used to administer these medications; however, there is no established technique that reduces bruising, pain, induration, and hematoma formation at the site. Currently, the only protocol for subcutaneous Heparin and Low-Molecular Weight Heparin is that it is to be administered subcutaneously in the abdomen and when using a prefilled syringe, the air bubble should not be removed. The purpose of this study was to identify current nursing practice for the administration of these medications and to compare the results to researched techniques that resulted in less adverse site reactions. A total of 33 participants were recruited. The survey targeted six researched techniques found, after a comprehensive literature review, to have reduced site adverse effects associated with subcutaneous Heparin and Low-Molecular Weight Heparin. After completing the survey, it was found that current practice does not reflect techniques researched to reduce bruising, pain, induration, and hematoma formation at the site. In fact, very few completed one of the six research techniques that were questioned, which included: a two minute application of a cold compress/pack before and/or after the injection, an injection duration lasting 30 seconds, slow removal of the needle over five seconds, application of pressure after the injection for a minimum of 30 seconds, use of a hot pack/compress after the injection, and the use of a3 mL syringe. It was also found that there were inconsistencies in techniques that have been previously established as current protocol for these medications.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFH0004733, ucf:45390
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004733
Effects of Rest Position on Ultrasound-Derived Morphological Characteristics of the Vastus Lateralis and Lower-Body Force Production
Title
Effects of Rest Position on Ultrasound-Derived Morphological Characteristics of the Vastus Lateralis and Lower-Body Force Production.
Creator
Varanoske, Alyssa, Wells, Adam, Fukuda, David, Stout, Jeffrey, Mangine, Gerald, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound assessment of the lower body typically encompasses 10-15 minutes of supine rest prior to examination because of the potential influence of gravitational fluid shifts on tissue size and composition. However, examination of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle requires individuals to lay in the lateral recumbent position, and this change in position may influence muscle morphological characteristics and their ability to predict muscle function.PURPOSE: The purpose of this...
Show moreINTRODUCTION: Ultrasound assessment of the lower body typically encompasses 10-15 minutes of supine rest prior to examination because of the potential influence of gravitational fluid shifts on tissue size and composition. However, examination of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle requires individuals to lay in the lateral recumbent position, and this change in position may influence muscle morphological characteristics and their ability to predict muscle function.PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of rest position on ultrasound-derived morphological characteristics of the VL and to determine whether or not rest position affects the relationships between muscle morphological characteristics of the VL and lower-body force and power production. METHODS: Thirty-one resistance-trained males (age: 23.0 (&)#177; 2.1 years; height: 1.79 (&)#177; 0.08 m; body mass: 87.4 (&)#177; 11.7 kg) participated in this investigation. Muscle morphological characteristics, including cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), echo intensity (UnCorEI), subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness (SFT), and EI corrected for SFT (CorEI) of the VL were assessed in the dominant limb after 15 minutes of rest in 3 recumbent positions: supine (SUP), dominant lateral recumbent (DLR), non-dominant lateral recumbent (NDLR), as well as after 15 minutes of standing (ST) and immediately after laying down (IP). Following ultrasound assessments, participants completed unilateral performance assessments, including vertical jumps (UVJ), isometric/isokinetic testing, and a 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) leg press. RESULTS: A repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significantly different (p (<) 0.05) CSA, MT, PA, UnCorEI, and SFT in ST compared to recumbent positions after 15 minutes of rest (NDLR, DLR, and SUP). Additionally, significant differences were observed between recumbent positions for CSA, CorEI, and UnCorEI; however, no differences were observed for MT, PA, and SFT. Different magnitudes of relationships were observed between muscle morphological characteristics measured after rest in different positions and performance variables. However, muscle morphology after IP generally appears to be the best predictor of performance for most variables, although utilizing the NDLR and DLR positions may provide comparable, or potentially stronger results for variables such as IsokPF. The relationship between muscle morphology and various performance variables in ST were weaker compared to the recumbent positions examined, specifically for IsokPF, 1-RM leg press, and for all UVJ variables, except total work.CONCLUSIONS: Muscle morphology differs depending on the rest position utilized prior to ultrasound analysis. These rest positions also affect the ability for muscle morphology to predict lower-body force production. Future research should consider evaluation of muscle morphology of the VL after IP in the prediction of muscle function; however, NDLR and DLR may also be used. SUP and ST provide significantly weaker relationships for some performance variables compared to the other recumbent positions.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFE0007550, ucf:52610
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007550