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SEXUALIZED MUSIC'S EFFECT ON ADOLESCENT AND EMERGING ADULT BEHAVIOR: A META-ANALYSIS
Title
SEXUALIZED MUSIC'S EFFECT ON ADOLESCENT AND EMERGING ADULT BEHAVIOR: A META-ANALYSIS.
Creator
Scholl, Brittany M, Wright, Chrysalis, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Reports on sexual activity among U.S. adolescents have shown a rise in their seriousness (Martino, Collins, Elliott, Strachman, Kanouse, & Berry, 2006). Such young sexual initiation is seen as a predictor of overall riskier sexual behavior such as having a multitude of sexual partners, not using any protective birth control and taking part in unwanted sex (Brown, L'Engle, Pardun, Guo, Kenneavy, & Jackson, 2006; Martino et at., 2006; Parkes, Wight, Hunt, Henderson, & Sargent, 2013; Price &...
Show moreReports on sexual activity among U.S. adolescents have shown a rise in their seriousness (Martino, Collins, Elliott, Strachman, Kanouse, & Berry, 2006). Such young sexual initiation is seen as a predictor of overall riskier sexual behavior such as having a multitude of sexual partners, not using any protective birth control and taking part in unwanted sex (Brown, L'Engle, Pardun, Guo, Kenneavy, & Jackson, 2006; Martino et at., 2006; Parkes, Wight, Hunt, Henderson, & Sargent, 2013; Price & Hyde, 2009; Primack, Douglas, Fine, & Dalton, 2009; Steinberg & Monahan, 2010). It is apparent that such riskier sexual behaviors result in higher rates of STI's and unwanted pregnancies (Brown et al., 2006; Parkes et al., 2013; Price & Hyde, 2009; Primack et al., 2009; Martino et al., 2006; Steinberg & Monahan, 2010). In September 2007, the United States Congress held a hearing on the gravity of sexual music content and their relationship to risky sexual behavior (Kistler & Lee, 2009). Recognition has also been found through studies, including some self-reported, concluding that young populations seek out entertainment media to facilitate as a tool of insight into personal development in the areas of sexual norms, and as a means of reference in establishing their own identities (Brown et al., 2006; Coyne et al., 2013; Coyne & Padilla-Walker, 2015; Primack et al., 2009). Music has been suggested to have the largest personality developing influence when compared to other media forms (Primack et al., 2009). Being that adolescence is the time of accepting or rejecting normalizations, including those distorted, (Turner, 2011) it remains a subject group that provides great value to this study. An organized computer search was directed with the assistance of MedLine, PsycINFO, Communications, and Mass Media in April and May 2017 in search of relevant articles. From here strategic elimination of those without inclusion criteria were made. The remaining data was coded and assessed through the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software program. Although, suitable to both random and fixed effect models, only random models were reported in accordance to Hunter and Schmidt's (2005) argument on population variation. Positive effects signified associations with music in the form of lyrics or video and that to sexual behaviors. All studies presented said positive relationship in support of the music as sexual behavior indicator perspective. Generally, music is not something people are thinking critically about (Burgess & Burpo, 2012) bringing light to the closer but still not reached need in media literacy education. This is essential as it is not realistic to expect media to stop selling sex, therefore the responsibility for change lies in those who can use this knowledge to promote its awareness and ultimately help our youth become better prepared for making healthy, responsible deductions out of the sexually clad music we all enjoy. It is true that the wheels are already in motion (Wright et al., 2016; Wright, Dillman Carpentier, Hopper, & Warburton, 2017); the goal of this study was to keep up its momentum to continue propelling the movement forward.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFH2000308, ucf:45764
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000308
GENERATION RATED X: PERSONALITY TRAITS, SEXUAL ATTITUDES, AND THE EFFECTS OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MEDIA ON ATTRACTION AMONG MEN
Title
GENERATION RATED X: PERSONALITY TRAITS, SEXUAL ATTITUDES, AND THE EFFECTS OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MEDIA ON ATTRACTION AMONG MEN.
Creator
Eckstein, H. Christopher, White, Grace, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Previous research has indicated that exposure to pornography, or sexually explicit media (SEM), can lead married men to express a stronger desire for sexual intimacy (Staley & Prause, 2013). However, SEM exposure has also resulted in decreased physical attractiveness ratings among men evaluating their spouses (Kenrick, et al., 1989). Only a small amount of research has investigated the effects of SEM on attraction among unmarried males. The current study examined the effects of SEM in a...
Show morePrevious research has indicated that exposure to pornography, or sexually explicit media (SEM), can lead married men to express a stronger desire for sexual intimacy (Staley & Prause, 2013). However, SEM exposure has also resulted in decreased physical attractiveness ratings among men evaluating their spouses (Kenrick, et al., 1989). Only a small amount of research has investigated the effects of SEM on attraction among unmarried males. The current study examined the effects of SEM in a sample of 108 heterosexual, undergraduate males. Participants evaluated pictures of 15 unknown women�s faces for physical attractiveness. They were then exposed to five minutes of SEM, after which they re-evaluated the same 15 faces for attractiveness. This study also examined the association between Big Five personality traits and self-reported sexual attitudes. The relations between sexual attitudes and the effects of SEM exposure were also explored. Counter to the expected hypothesis, results indicated an increase in attractiveness ratings after SEM exposure, demonstrating a sensitization rather than a desensitization effect on attraction. The Big Five Extraversion trait significantly predicted increases in attractiveness ratings after SEM exposure. Personality was also a significant predictor of sexual attitudes in relation to the socio-sexual orientation facets of behavior and attitude, which constitute the number of casual and changing sex partners and attitudes towards uncommitted sex, respectively. Additional research is necessary to replicate and confirm novel findings in this study.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFH2000071, ucf:45542
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000071
The Effects of Viewing Sexually Explicit Materials on Men's Body Image Satisfaction, Interest in Pursuing Cosmetic Surgery, and Body Change Behaviors
Title
The Effects of Viewing Sexually Explicit Materials on Men's Body Image Satisfaction, Interest in Pursuing Cosmetic Surgery, and Body Change Behaviors.
Creator
Schuster, Elizabeth, Negy, Charles, Renk, Kimberly, Beidel, Deborah, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This study examined the effects of viewing sexually explicit media on men's body image, body change behaviors, and esteem in a randomized experimental study. The purpose was to determine if a cause and effect relationship exists between viewing sexually explicit media and body image dissatisfaction in men. Participants were randomized to one of four conditions. They were asked to view a short media clip and then answer a series of questionnaires assessing their current body change strategies ...
Show moreThis study examined the effects of viewing sexually explicit media on men's body image, body change behaviors, and esteem in a randomized experimental study. The purpose was to determine if a cause and effect relationship exists between viewing sexually explicit media and body image dissatisfaction in men. Participants were randomized to one of four conditions. They were asked to view a short media clip and then answer a series of questionnaires assessing their current body change strategies (e.g., pathogenic weight control practices), interest in risky body behaviors (e.g., cosmetic surgery), esteem (i.e., genital, sexual, and self-esteem), and overall body image satisfaction. It was hypothesized that men exposed to the sexually explicit media condition would evidence more dissatisfaction with their bodies, utilize more body change strategies, and have more interest in risky body change behaviors. It was also hypothesized that men exposed to the sexually explicit condition would evidence poorer self-esteem, sexual esteem, and genital esteem relative to participants in the other conditions. The hypotheses were not supported. There were no significant differences among any of the conditions, including a more specific analysis between the control and sexually explicit conditions. As this differs from findings of similar studies with female participants, it is important for future studies to further examine this topic and to identify protective factors that may exist for men who view sexually explicit materials.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
CFE0005413, ucf:50429
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005413
Fourth Grade Teachers' Implementation of an Explicit Vocabulary Teaching Technique with Students Who Are Socioeconomically Disadvantaged
Title
Fourth Grade Teachers' Implementation of an Explicit Vocabulary Teaching Technique with Students Who Are Socioeconomically Disadvantaged.
Creator
Spielvogel, Joanna, Ehren, Barbara, Schwartz, Jamie, Mckeown, Susan, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The study investigated the impact of fourth grade general education teacher implementation of the Vocabulary Scenario Technique (-) General Education 16 (VST-GE16) protocol on the vocabulary knowledge gains of students from low socioeconomic status (SES) circumstances. For children living in poverty, vocabulary knowledge deficits begin in toddlerhood and persist throughout their lives. Early deficits in vocabulary knowledge translate to performance gaps in vocabulary knowledge, literacy, and...
Show moreThe study investigated the impact of fourth grade general education teacher implementation of the Vocabulary Scenario Technique (-) General Education 16 (VST-GE16) protocol on the vocabulary knowledge gains of students from low socioeconomic status (SES) circumstances. For children living in poverty, vocabulary knowledge deficits begin in toddlerhood and persist throughout their lives. Early deficits in vocabulary knowledge translate to performance gaps in vocabulary knowledge, literacy, and academic success between students from higher and lower SES homes. The development of explicit instructional protocols to be used by general education teachers is critical to the amelioration of these intransigent gaps. The study employed a quasi-experimental design (QED) with a treatment and comparison group. The settings for the study were four Title 1 schools in an urban-suburban district. Sixteen teachers (treatment, n = 10; comparison, n = 6), representing 20 classrooms, were recruited into the study. Treatment group teachers, who attended a three-hour face-to-face seminar and one hour of job-embedded coaching, implemented the VST-GE16 protocol and taught 32 academic vocabulary words to their students across a four week period; the comparison group teachers taught the same 32 words to their students using methods typical to their pedagogical practices (Typical Practice instruction) across a four week period. Three hundred and eighty-five fourth grade students participated in the study (treatment, n = 185; comparison, n = 198). Student vocabulary gains were measured with pretest-posttest multiple-choice synonym and cloze words-in-context instruments; data were analyzed using a split-plot Repeated-Measure ANOVA. Results indicated that VST-GE16 instruction significantly outperformed Typical Practice instruction in promoting vocabulary knowledge gains for synonyms and text comprehension. The current study advanced the effort to scale-up evidence-based practices to relevant educational settings and practitioners for the purpose of improving student outcomes, particularly for those students at-risk for academic failure secondary to socioeconomic disadvantage.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007103, ucf:51991
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007103
PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONSUMPTION OF SEXUALLY-EXPLICIT MATERIAL AS AN ACT OF INFIDELITY IN THE CONTEXT OF COLLEGE ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR CONNECTION TO POPULATION VARIABLES
Title
PERCEPTIONS OF THE CONSUMPTION OF SEXUALLY-EXPLICIT MATERIAL AS AN ACT OF INFIDELITY IN THE CONTEXT OF COLLEGE ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR CONNECTION TO POPULATION VARIABLES.
Creator
Plaza, Diego, Negy, Charles, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This study sought to examine whether individuals perceive the consumption (i.e., viewing) of sexually-explicit material (SEM) as an act of infidelity. The study also looked into whether ethnicity, sexual orientation, religiosity, self-esteem, and femininity/masculinity influence this opinion. As an extension of the study, the participants' susceptibility for jealousy, general attitudes toward infidelity, attitudes toward SEM, opinion toward sexuality, and fear of abandonment were also...
Show moreThis study sought to examine whether individuals perceive the consumption (i.e., viewing) of sexually-explicit material (SEM) as an act of infidelity. The study also looked into whether ethnicity, sexual orientation, religiosity, self-esteem, and femininity/masculinity influence this opinion. As an extension of the study, the participants' susceptibility for jealousy, general attitudes toward infidelity, attitudes toward SEM, opinion toward sexuality, and fear of abandonment were also analyzed. Social desirability was also used to find people's tendency to give socially desirable answers to questions related to sexuality. A statistical analysis of the study's results showed that religiosity significantly predicted opinions toward SEM as an act of infidelity. All other demographic values did not have significant predictability. An exploratory analysis showed that participants who think that viewing SEM is an acceptable behavior, are sexually liberal, use the internet for sexual purposes, and are less inclined to suffer jealousy in relationships were the most likely to believe that viewing SEM is not an act of infidelity.
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Date Issued
2012
Identifier
CFH0004192, ucf:44846
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004192
EVALUATING COMPETITION BETWEEN VERBAL AND IMPLICIT SYSTEMS WITH FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Title
EVALUATING COMPETITION BETWEEN VERBAL AND IMPLICIT SYSTEMS WITH FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY.
Creator
Schiebel, Troy A, Bohil, Corey, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
In category learning, explicit processes function through the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and implicit processes function through the basal ganglia. Research suggested that these two systems compete with each other. The goal of this study was to shed light on this theory. 15 undergraduate subjects took part in an event-related experiment that required them to categorize computer-generated line-stimuli, which varied in length and/or angle depending on condition. Subjects participated in an...
Show moreIn category learning, explicit processes function through the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and implicit processes function through the basal ganglia. Research suggested that these two systems compete with each other. The goal of this study was to shed light on this theory. 15 undergraduate subjects took part in an event-related experiment that required them to categorize computer-generated line-stimuli, which varied in length and/or angle depending on condition. Subjects participated in an explicit "rule-based" (RB) condition and an implicit "information-integration" (II) condition while connected to a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) apparatus, which measured the hemodynamic response (HR) in their PFC. Each condition contained 2 blocks. We hypothesized that the competition between explicit and implicit systems (COVIS) would be demonstrated if, by block 2, task-accuracy was approximately equal across conditions with PFC activity being comparatively higher in the II condition. This would indicate that subjects could learn the categorization task in both conditions but were only able to decipher an explicit rule in the RB condition; their PFC would struggle to do so in the II condition, resulting in perpetually high activation. In accordance with predictions, results revealed no difference in accuracy across conditions with significant difference in channel activation. There were channel trends (p<.1) which showed PFC activation decrease in the RB condition and increase in the II condition by block 2. While these results support our predictions, they are largely nonsignificant, which could be attributed to the event-related design. Future research should utilize a larger samples size for improved statistical power.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFH2000086, ucf:45502
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000086
General Vector Explicit - Impact Time and Angle Control Guidance
Title
General Vector Explicit - Impact Time and Angle Control Guidance.
Creator
Robinson, Loren, Qu, Zhihua, Behal, Aman, Xu, Yunjun, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This thesis proposes and evaluates a new cooperative guidance law called General Vector Explicit -Impact Time and Angle Control Guidance (GENEX-ITACG). The motivation for GENEX-ITACGcame from an explicit trajectory shaping guidance law called General Vector Explicit Guidance(GENEX). GENEX simultaneously achieves design specifications on miss distance and terminalmissile approach angle while also providing a design parameter that adjusts the aggressiveness ofthis approach angle. Encouraged by...
Show moreThis thesis proposes and evaluates a new cooperative guidance law called General Vector Explicit -Impact Time and Angle Control Guidance (GENEX-ITACG). The motivation for GENEX-ITACGcame from an explicit trajectory shaping guidance law called General Vector Explicit Guidance(GENEX). GENEX simultaneously achieves design specifications on miss distance and terminalmissile approach angle while also providing a design parameter that adjusts the aggressiveness ofthis approach angle. Encouraged by the applicability of this user parameter, GENEX-ITACG is anextension that allows a salvo of missiles to cooperatively achieve the same objectives of GENEXagainst a stationary target through the incorporation of a cooperative trajectory shaping guidancelaw called Impact Time and Angle Control Guidance (ITACG).ITACG allows a salvo of missile to simultaneously hit a stationary target at a prescribed impactangle and impact time. This predetermined impact time is what allows each missile involvedin the salvo attack to simultaneously arrived at the target with unique approach angles, whichgreatly increases the probability of success against well defended targets. GENEX-ITACG furtherincreases this probability of kill by allowing each missile to approach the target with a uniqueapproach angle rate through the use of a user design parameter.The incorporation of ITACG into GENEX is accomplished through the use of linear optimal controlby casting the cost function of GENEX into the formulation of ITACG. The feasibility GENEXITACGis demonstrated across three scenarios that demonstrate the ITACG portion of the guidancelaw, the GENEX portion of the guidance law, and finally the entirety of the guidance law. Theresults indicate that GENEX-ITACG is able to successfully guide a salvo of missiles to simultaneouslyhit a stationary target at a predefined terminal impact angle and impact time, while alsoallowing the user to adjust the aggressiveness of approach.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005876, ucf:50868
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005876
Curriculum Vocabulary Acquisition of 4th Graders Using a Language-Sensitive Teaching Approach
Title
Curriculum Vocabulary Acquisition of 4th Graders Using a Language-Sensitive Teaching Approach.
Creator
Spielvogel, Joanna, Ehren, Barbara, Schwartz, Jamie, Mckeown, Susan, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a direct, explicit method of teaching vocabulary with a Vocabulary Scenario Technique-Language Sensitive protocol (VST-LS) would yield gains in the vocabulary knowledge of 4th grade students greater than those seen in 4th grade students receiving vocabulary instruction typical to some general education classrooms. VST-LS is a detailed description of procedures intended to be used by a teacher in a general education classroom for direct...
Show moreThe purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a direct, explicit method of teaching vocabulary with a Vocabulary Scenario Technique-Language Sensitive protocol (VST-LS) would yield gains in the vocabulary knowledge of 4th grade students greater than those seen in 4th grade students receiving vocabulary instruction typical to some general education classrooms. VST-LS is a detailed description of procedures intended to be used by a teacher in a general education classroom for direct vocabulary instruction. The VST-LS protocol provides for 14 word encounters involving listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Forty-one 4th grade students consisting of 18 males and 23 females participated in the study. All participants were attending a suburban elementary school in a large urban-suburban school district. Two 4th grade teachers at the suburban elementary school agreed to participate in the study. One of the teachers who agreed to participate in the study had previously participated in a Vocabulary Scenario Technique pilot study (Ehren, Zadroga, (&) Proly, 2010); therefore, her 4th grade classroom was designated as the treatment group and the second 4th grade classroom was designated as the comparison group. The treatment group received direct vocabulary instruction by a graduate student speech language pathologist (SLP) using the VST-LS protocol. The comparison group received vocabulary instruction by a 4th grade teacher using word study activities typical to some general education classrooms. Both the treatment group and the comparison group were taught 32 preselected curriculum vocabulary words across four consecutive weeks. Eight words were taught per week, for four weeks, during three thirty minute instruction periods (dosage = 6 hours). Two pre-test/post-test vocabulary measures, a multiple choice synonym test and a fill-in-the-blank/word-bank sentence test, were used to document both the treatment group and comparison group performances. Both the synonym pre-test and the sentence pre-test were administered to the treatment group and the comparison group one week prior to the commencement of the pilot study. Both the synonym post-test and the sentence post-test were administered to the treatment group and the comparison group one week after the conclusion of the study. A one way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the treatment effects of the VST-LS protocol in comparison to treatment effects of vocabulary instruction typical to some mainstream classrooms. The ANCOVA testing indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in post-test scores for both the synonym measure, F(1, 35) = 14.76, p (<) .001, and the sentence measure, F(1, 34) = 43.66, p (<) .001, between the treatment condition and the comparison condition, when controlling for pre-test scores on both the synonym measure and the sentence measure. A large effect size was demonstrated, indicated by group, in regard to both the synonym measure, partial ?2 = .30, and the sentence measure, partial ?2 = .56. On average, participants in the treatment condition scored higher on both the synonym measure (M = 24.33, SE = 0.77) and the sentence measure (M = 26.24, SE = 0.76) than did the study participants in the comparison condition (synonym measure: M = 20.14, SE = 0.77; sentence measure: M = 19.03, SE = 0.78).The result of the VST-LS pilot study indicated that this method of direct vocabulary instruction was more successful in generating vocabulary gains in 4th grade students than was vocabulary instruction typically seen in general education classrooms. Additionally, the result indicated that the VST-LS protocol has potential as a viable, efficient method for teachers to use when directly teaching curriculum vocabulary words to 4th grade students in general education classrooms. A summary of the findings, limitations of the study, and suggestions for the direction of future research are discussed.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0004169, ucf:49084
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004169