Current Search: openness (x)
Pages
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Title
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EXPLORING RESILIENCE AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES.
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Creator
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Thorne, Robin, Mottarella, Karen, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Few studies have investigated the relationships among resilience, optimism, and personality traits with U.S. college students; although some work has been done with Chinese university students. The current study explores the relationship between resilience, optimism and the Big Five personality traits. A sample of 251 undergraduate students completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the 9-item version of the Personal Optimism & Self-Efficacy Optimism Scale (POSE-E), and the NEO...
Show moreFew studies have investigated the relationships among resilience, optimism, and personality traits with U.S. college students; although some work has been done with Chinese university students. The current study explores the relationship between resilience, optimism and the Big Five personality traits. A sample of 251 undergraduate students completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the 9-item version of the Personal Optimism & Self-Efficacy Optimism Scale (POSE-E), and the NEO- Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Results indicate a significant positive relationship between resilience and optimism. The results also indicate positive significant relationships between resilience and extraversion, as well as resilience and conscientiousness. A significant negative significant relationship between resilience and neuroticism was found. The results of this study helpful identify characteristics of students who are at-risk following life stressors and traumas.
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Date Issued
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2015
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Identifier
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CFH0004838, ucf:45478
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004838
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Title
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TryOpenJML - A Verily based web application for learning about the Java Modeling Language.
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Creator
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Deshpande, Tushar, Leavens, Gary, Turgut, Damla, Dechev, Damian, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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This thesis has a two-fold purpose. On the one hand, the web applications are an important part of life. On a day to day basis, from managing our heath care choices to banking, to connecting to a friend, almost everything is done through a web application. Development of these applications is also a very trend-driven domain. Numerous web frameworks are available today, but almost none has been created taking reliability into consideration. With the combination of application construction...
Show moreThis thesis has a two-fold purpose. On the one hand, the web applications are an important part of life. On a day to day basis, from managing our heath care choices to banking, to connecting to a friend, almost everything is done through a web application. Development of these applications is also a very trend-driven domain. Numerous web frameworks are available today, but almost none has been created taking reliability into consideration. With the combination of application construction recipes and static analysis, the Verily framework was created to build more reliable web applications.On the other hand, the goal of the Java Modeling Language (JML) has to be conveyed to the world. It is a language that can go hand in hand with existing code, having a wide range of tools that help build practical and effective designs. There are many tools available for JML: jmldoc for web pages, jmlunit for unit tests, jmlc for class files, etc. I will be using the tools for Runtime Assertion Checking (RAC) and Extended Static Checking (ESC). These checks warn about the possible runtime exceptions and assertion violations. The benefits of JML assert statements over Java assertions are that they support all JML features.The question that I am concerned with, in this thesis, is how the Verily Framework can contribute to the domain of web application development. Keeping this question in mind, my objective is to create a tutorial which will aid in learning about JML. The tutorial will let the potential users read and write JML specifications and use JML tools, explain basic JML semantics, and let them know where to go for help if they need more details.
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Date Issued
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2016
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Identifier
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CFE0006293, ucf:51614
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006293
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Title
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ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEEKING PROFESSIONAL COUNSELING: THE ROLE OF OUTCOME EXPECTATIONS AND EMOTIONAL OPENNESS IN ENGLISH-SPEAKING CARIBBEAN COLLEGE STUDENTS IN THE U.S. AND THE CARIBBEAN.
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Creator
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Greenidge, Wendy-lou, Daire, Andrew, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Purpose: The college environment is documented as a universally stressful period where students face many challenges (Baysden, 2002; Pandit, 2003). In addition to these potential stressors, international students face other unique challenges such as loss of support network, feelings of isolation, economic hardship, coping with oftentimes competing cultures, and anxiety which emanates from unfamiliarity (Kim & Omizo, 2003; Rounds & Kline, 2005). Unsuccessful resolution of these challenges can...
Show morePurpose: The college environment is documented as a universally stressful period where students face many challenges (Baysden, 2002; Pandit, 2003). In addition to these potential stressors, international students face other unique challenges such as loss of support network, feelings of isolation, economic hardship, coping with oftentimes competing cultures, and anxiety which emanates from unfamiliarity (Kim & Omizo, 2003; Rounds & Kline, 2005). Unsuccessful resolution of these challenges can negatively impact the acculturation process, their mental health, and their academic programs (Roysircar, 2002). Despite these many challenges, research consistently shows that international students are less likely than their US counterparts to seek professional counseling (Bayer, 2002). Further, those who do seek counseling services are also more likely to terminate services prematurely (Anderson & Myer, 1985). Although there is an abundance of research on the attitudes towards seeking professional counseling of Asian and other international student populations (Kim & Omizo, 2003; Lau & Takeuchi, 2001; Leong & Lau, 2001; Liao, Rounds & Kline, 2005; Pandit, 2003), there is a dearth of knowledge on Caribbean college students. This dissertation sought to determine which factors influence the attitudes towards seeking professional counseling of English-speaking Caribbean college students in the U.S., as well as those attending colleges in the Caribbean. Method: Two research questions and five null hypotheses were used to examine what influences the attitudes towards seeking professional counseling of 500 Caribbean college students. The variables of interest were stigma tolerance, level of social support, level of acculturation, outcome expectations and level of emotional openness. Stigma Tolerance was measured using the Stigma Scale for Receiving Psychological Help (SSRPH), Outcome Expectations were measured using the Disclosure Expectations Scale, Emotional Openness was measured using the Distress Disclosure Index and Social Support using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Attitudes towards seeking professional counseling were measured using the Attitudes towards seeking Psychological Help instrument by Fischer and Turner (1970) and acculturation was measured using responses from the demographic questionnaire. Several analyses were conducted including a stepwise regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, a MANOVA, ANOVA and a linear regression analysis. Major Findings: The results of this study indicated that stigma tolerance and anticipated risks of seeking counseling both have a significant inverse relationship with the attitudes towards seeking professional counseling of English-speaking Caribbean college students. Results also indicated that anticipated utility of seeking professional counseling has a significant relationship with the attitudes towards seeking professional counseling. The level of emotional openness as well as the level of social support also have a direct relationship with the attitudes towards seeking professional counseling of English-speaking Caribbean college students. Students who reside and attend college in the Caribbean reported higher mean scores for anticipated risk, anticipated utility and attitudes towards seeking professional counseling than their counterparts who reside and attend college in the U.S. Results also indicated that length of stay in the U.S. was not a statistically significant predictor of one's attitudes towards seeking professional counseling.
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Date Issued
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2007
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Identifier
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CFE0001653, ucf:47229
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001653
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Title
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ON THE INCORPORATION OF THE PERSONALITY FACTORS INTO CROWD SIMULATION.
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Creator
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Jaganathan, Sivakumar, Kincaid, J. Peter, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Recently, a considerable amount of research has been performed on simulating the collective behavior of pedestrians in the street or people finding their way inside a building or a room. Comprehensive reviews of the state of the art can be found in Schreckenberg and Deo (2002) and Batty, M., DeSyllas, J. and Duxbury, E. (2003). In all these simulation studies, one area that is lacking is accounting for the effects of human personalities on the outcome. As a result, there is a growing emphasis...
Show moreRecently, a considerable amount of research has been performed on simulating the collective behavior of pedestrians in the street or people finding their way inside a building or a room. Comprehensive reviews of the state of the art can be found in Schreckenberg and Deo (2002) and Batty, M., DeSyllas, J. and Duxbury, E. (2003). In all these simulation studies, one area that is lacking is accounting for the effects of human personalities on the outcome. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on researching the effects of human personalities and adding the results to the simulations to make them more realistic. This research investigated the possibility of incorporating personality factors into the crowd simulation model. The first part of this study explored the extraction of quantitative crowd motion from videos and developed a method to compare real video with the simulation output video. Several open source programs were examined and modified to obtain optical flow measurements from real videos captured at sporting events. Optical flow measurements provide information such as crowd density, average velocity with which individuals move in the crowd, as well as other parameters. These quantifiable optical flow calculations provided a strong method for comparing simulation results with those obtained from video footage captured in real life situations. The second part of the research focused on the incorporation of the personality factors into the crowd simulation. Existing crowd models such as HelbingU-Molnár-Farkas-Vicsek (HMFV) do not take individual personality factors into account. The most common approach employed by psychologists for studying personality traits is the Big Five factors or dimensions of personality (NEO: Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness). iii In this research forces related to the personality factors were incorporated into the crowd simulation models. The NEO-based forces were incorporated into an existing HMFV simulated implemented in the MASON simulation framework. The simulation results were validated using the quantification procedures developed in the first phase. This research reports on a major expansion of a simulation of pedestrian motion based on the model (HMFV) by Helbing, D., I. J. Farkas, P. Molnár, and T. Vicsek (2002). Example of actual behavior such as a crowd exiting church after service were simulated using NEO-based forces and show a striking resemblance to actual behavior as rated by behavior scientists.
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Date Issued
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2007
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Identifier
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CFE0001771, ucf:47276
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001771
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Title
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SOLAR DRIVEN PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL WATER SPLITTING FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION USING MULTIPLE BANDGAP TANDEM OF CIGS2 PV CELLS AND THIN FILM PHOTOCATALYST.
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Creator
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Jahagirdar, Anant, Dhere, Neelkanth, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The main objective of this research was to develop efficient CuIn1-xGaxS2 (CIGS2)/CdS thin film solar cells for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce very pure hydrogen and oxygen. Efficiencies obtained using CIGS2 have been lower than those achieved using CuInSe2 and CuIn1-xGaxSe2. The basic limitation in the efficiencies is attributed to lower open circuit voltages with respect to the bandgap of the material. Presently, the main mechanism used to increase the open circuit...
Show moreThe main objective of this research was to develop efficient CuIn1-xGaxS2 (CIGS2)/CdS thin film solar cells for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce very pure hydrogen and oxygen. Efficiencies obtained using CIGS2 have been lower than those achieved using CuInSe2 and CuIn1-xGaxSe2. The basic limitation in the efficiencies is attributed to lower open circuit voltages with respect to the bandgap of the material. Presently, the main mechanism used to increase the open circuit voltage of these copper chalcopyrites (CuInSe2 and CuInS2) is the addition of gallium. However, addition of gallium has its own challenges. This research was intended to (i) elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of gallium addition, (ii) provide an alternative technique to the photovoltaic (PV) community to increase the open circuit voltage which is independent of gallium additions, (iii) develop highly efficient CIGS2/CdS thin film solar cells and (iv) provide an alternative material in the form of CIGS2/CdS thin film solar cells and an advanced technology in the form of a multiple bandgap tandem for PEC water splitting. High gallium content was achieved by the incorporation of a highly excess copper composition. Attempts to achieve high gallium content produced reasonable but not the best solar cell performance. Few solar cells developed on a molybdenum back contact and an ITO/MoS2 transparent conducting back contact showed a PV conversion efficiency of 7.93% and 5.97%, respectively. The solar cells developed on the ITO/MoS2 back contact form the first generation CIGS2/CdS thin film solar cells and 5.97% is the first ever reported efficiency on an ITO/MoS2 transparent back contact. Reasons for the moderate performance of these solar cells were attributed to significant porosity and remnants of unsulfurized CuGa alloy in the bulk of CIGS2. This was the first attempt to a detailed study of materials and device characteristics of CIGS2/CdS thin film solar cells prepared starting with a highly excess copper content CIGS2 layer. Next, excess copper composition of 1.4 (equivalent to gallium content, x = 0.3) was chosen with the aim to achieve the best efficiency. The open circuit voltage was enhanced by depositing an intermediate layer of intrinsic ZnO between CdS and ZnO:Al layers. The systematic study of requirements for such a layer and further optimization of its thickness to achieve a higher open circuit voltage (which is the greatest challenge of the scientific community) forms an important scientific contribution of this research. The PV parameters for CIGS2/CdS thin film solar cell as measured officially at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory were: open circuit voltage of 830.5 mV, short circuit current density of 21.88 mA/cm2, fill factor of 69.13% and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 11.99% which sets a new world record for CIGS2 cells developed using sulfurization and the open circuit voltage of 830.5 mV has become the "Voc champion value". New PEC setups with the RuS2 and Ru0.99Fe0.01S2 photoanodes were developed. RuS2 and Ru0.99Fe0.01S2 photoanodes were more stable in the electrolyte and showed better I-V characteristics than the RuO2 anode earlier used. Using two CIGS2/CdS thin film solar cells, a PEC efficiency of 8.78% was achieved with a RuS2 anode and a platinum cathode. Results of this research constitute a significant advance towards achieving practical feasibility and industrially viability of the technology of PEC hydrogen generation by water splitting.
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Date Issued
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2005
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Identifier
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CFE0000871, ucf:46666
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000871
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Title
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'I AM A CRITICAL THINKER': EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCEPT AND CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY.
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Creator
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Antler, Melissa, Whitten, Shannon, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Critical thinking is an academically coveted skill important to all areas of education (Halpern, 1998). The ability to think critically requires an individual to question and possibly reject accepted ideals and authorities. A strong self-concept may play an important role in this process. The present study hypothesized a positive relationship between total self-concept and critical thinking ability. An additional purpose of this study was to explore whether self-concept accounted for more of...
Show moreCritical thinking is an academically coveted skill important to all areas of education (Halpern, 1998). The ability to think critically requires an individual to question and possibly reject accepted ideals and authorities. A strong self-concept may play an important role in this process. The present study hypothesized a positive relationship between total self-concept and critical thinking ability. An additional purpose of this study was to explore whether self-concept accounted for more of the variance in critical thinking than other correlates of the ability, such as metacognition (Halpern, 1998; Magno, 2010) and openness to experience (Clifford, Boufal, & Kurtz, 2004). The hypothesis was supported; total self-concept significantly and positively correlated with the total score of critical thinking. Regression analyses revealed self-concept was a better predictor of critical thinking, accounting for 19.2% more variance in critical thinking than metacognition and openness to experience. Overall, the results suggest that nourishing students' self-concept may support their ability to think critically.
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Date Issued
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2013
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Identifier
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CFH0004378, ucf:45027
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004378
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Title
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Assessing the Impact of Multi-variate Steering-rate Vehicle Control on Driver Performance in a Simulation Framework.
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Creator
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Xynidis, Michael, Morrow, Patricia Bockelman, Karwowski, Waldemar, Martin, Glenn, O'Neal, Thomas, Xanthopoulos, Petros, Mouloua, Mustapha, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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When a driver turns a steering-wheel, he or she normally expects the vehicle's steering system to communicate an equivalent amount of signal to the road-wheels. This relationship is linear and occurs regardless of the steering-wheel's position within its rotational travel. The linear steering paradigm in passenger vehicles has gone largely unchanged since mass production of passenger vehicles began in 1901. However, as more electronically-controlled steering systems appear in conjunction with...
Show moreWhen a driver turns a steering-wheel, he or she normally expects the vehicle's steering system to communicate an equivalent amount of signal to the road-wheels. This relationship is linear and occurs regardless of the steering-wheel's position within its rotational travel. The linear steering paradigm in passenger vehicles has gone largely unchanged since mass production of passenger vehicles began in 1901. However, as more electronically-controlled steering systems appear in conjunction with development of autonomous steering functions in vehicles, an opportunity to advance the existing steering paradigms arises. The following framework takes a human-factors approach toward examining and evaluating alternative steering systems by using Modeling and Simulation methods to track and score human performance.Present conventional steering systems apply a linear relationship between the steering-wheel and the road wheels of a vehicle. The rotational travel of the steering-wheel is 900(&)deg; and requires two-and-a-half revolutions to travel from end-stop to opposite end-stop. The experimental steering system modeled and employed in this study applies a dynamic curve response to the steering input within a shorter, 225(&)deg; rotational travel. Accommodation variances, based on vehicle speed and steering-wheel rotational position and acceleration, moderate the apparent steering input to augment a more-practical, effective steering rate. This novel model follows a paradigm supporting the full range of steering-wheel actuation without necessitating hand repositioning or the removal of the driver's hands from the steering-wheel during steering maneuvers.In order to study human performance disparities between novel and conventional steering models, a custom simulator was constructed and programmed to render representative models in a test scenario. Twenty-seven males and twenty-seven females, ranging from the ages of eighteen to sixty-five were tested and scored using the driving simulator that presented two successive driving test vignettes: One vignette using conventional 900(&)deg; steering with linear response and the other employing the augmented 225(&)deg; multivariate, non-linear steering.The results from simulator testing suggest that both males and females perform better with the novel system, supporting the hypothesis that drivers of either gender perform better with a system augmented with 225(&)deg; multivariate, non-linear steering than with a conventional steering system. Further analysis of the simulated-driving scores indicates performance parity between male and female participants, supporting the hypothesis positing no significant difference in driver performance between male and female drivers using the augmented steering system. Finally, composite data from written questionnaires support the hypothesis that drivers will prefer driving the augmented system over conventional steering.These collective findings support justification for testing and refining novel steering systems using Modeling and Simulation methods. As a product of this particular study, a tested and open-sourced simulation framework now exists such that researchers and automotive designers can develop, as well as evaluate their own steering-oriented products within a valid human-factors construct. The open-source nature of this framework implies a commonality by which otherwise disparate research and development work can be associated.Extending this framework beyond basic investigation to reach applications requiring more-specialized parameters may even impact drivers having special needs. For example, steering-system functional characteristics could be comparatively optimized to accommodate individuals afflicted with upper-body deficits or limited use of either or both arms. Moreover, the combined human-factors and open-source approaches distinguish the products of this research as a common and extensible platform by which purposeful automotive-industry improvements can be realized(-)contrasted with arbitrary improvements that might be brought about predominantly to showcase technological advancements.
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Date Issued
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2018
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Identifier
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CFE0007420, ucf:52706
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007420
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Title
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Necessary Conditions for Open-Ended Evolution.
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Creator
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Soros, Lisa, Stanley, Kenneth, Gonzalez, Avelino, Wiegand, Rudolf, Cash, Mason, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Evolution on Earth is widely considered to be an effectively endless process. Though this phenomenon of open-ended evolution (OEE) has been a topic of interest in the artificial life communitysince its beginnings, the field still lacks an empirically validated theory of what exactly is necessary to reproduce the phenomenon in general (including in domains quite unlike Earth). Thisdissertation (1) enumerates a set of conditions hypothesized to be necessary for OEE in addition to (2)...
Show moreEvolution on Earth is widely considered to be an effectively endless process. Though this phenomenon of open-ended evolution (OEE) has been a topic of interest in the artificial life communitysince its beginnings, the field still lacks an empirically validated theory of what exactly is necessary to reproduce the phenomenon in general (including in domains quite unlike Earth). Thisdissertation (1) enumerates a set of conditions hypothesized to be necessary for OEE in addition to (2) introducing an artificial life world called Chromaria that incorporates each of the hypothesizednecessary conditions. It then (3) describes a set of experiments with Chromaria designed to empirically validate the hypothesized necessary conditions. Thus, this dissertation describes the firstscientific endeavor to systematically test an OEE framework in an alife world and thereby make progress towards solving an open question not just for evolutionary computation and artificial life,but for science in general.
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Date Issued
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2018
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Identifier
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CFE0007247, ucf:52205
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007247
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Title
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Acute Effects of Placebo and Open-Label Placebo Treatments on Muscle Strength, Voluntary Activation, and Neuromuscular Fatigue.
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Creator
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Swafford, Alina, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Placebo treatments have long been used to study the psychological effects of expectancy and conditioning on an inert intervention. Interestingly, open-label placebo treatments (i.e., directly telling subjects they are receiving an inactive intervention) have recently shown promise in minimizing pain in clinical patient populations. We utilized a repeated measures design to examine the acute effects of placebo, open-label placebo, and control treatments on muscle strength and voluntary...
Show morePlacebo treatments have long been used to study the psychological effects of expectancy and conditioning on an inert intervention. Interestingly, open-label placebo treatments (i.e., directly telling subjects they are receiving an inactive intervention) have recently shown promise in minimizing pain in clinical patient populations. We utilized a repeated measures design to examine the acute effects of placebo, open-label placebo, and control treatments on muscle strength and voluntary activation (Experiment #1), as well as neuromuscular fatigue (Experiment #2). Twenty-one untrained males (n=11) and females (n=10) visited the laboratory on three occasions to receive each treatment in a randomized, counter-balanced manner. All visits involved a pretest, 15-minute intervention period, and posttest. In Experiment #1, knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak torque and percent voluntary activation were evaluated. In Experiment #2, subjects performed 20, six-second MVICs while surface electromyographic signals were detected from the vastus lateralis. Subjective assessments of energy and perceived exertion were also examined. In Experiment #1, no differences among interventions were demonstrated for peak torque or voluntary activation, but a main effect revealed that energy levels increased following each treatment (p = .016, ?2 = .257). Experiment #2 demonstrated that placebo and open-label placebo treatments had no influence on neuromuscular fatigue, but there were main effects for declines in absolute (p = .001, ?2 = .675) and normalized peak torque (p = .001, ?2 = .765), electromyographic mean frequency (p = .001, ?2 = .565), neuromuscular efficiency (p = .001, ?2 = .585), and energy levels (p = .006, ?2 = .317). Collectively, placebo and open-label placebo treatments had minimal influence on strength, voluntary activation, and fatigue resistance in untrained subjects. We speculate that our subject population and study design intricacies that are unique to placebo trials may explain our findings.
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Date Issued
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2018
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Identifier
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CFE0007254, ucf:52204
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007254
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Title
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Critical Success Factors for Evolutionary Acquisition Implementation.
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Creator
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Bjorn, Brig, Kotnour, Timothy, Karwowski, Waldemar, Mollaghasemi, Mansooreh, Farr, John, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Due to extensive challenges to the efficient development and fielding of operationally effective and affordable weapon systems, the U.S. employs a complex management framework to govern defense acquisition programs. The Department of Defense and Congress recently modified this process to improve the levels of knowledge available at key decision points in order to reduce lifecycle cost, schedule, and technical risk to programs. This exploratory research study employed multiple methods to...
Show moreDue to extensive challenges to the efficient development and fielding of operationally effective and affordable weapon systems, the U.S. employs a complex management framework to govern defense acquisition programs. The Department of Defense and Congress recently modified this process to improve the levels of knowledge available at key decision points in order to reduce lifecycle cost, schedule, and technical risk to programs. This exploratory research study employed multiple methods to examine the impact of systems engineering reviews, competitive prototyping, and the application of a Modular Open Systems Approach on knowledge and risk prior to funding system implementation and production. In-depth case studies of two recent Major Defense Acquisition Programs were conducted to verify the existence and relationships of the proposed constructs and identify potential barriers to program success introduced by the new process. The case studies included program documentation analysis as well as interviews with contractor personnel holding multiple roles on the program. A questionnaire-based survey of contractor personnel from a larger set of programs was executed to test the case study findings against a larger data set. The study results indicate that while some changes adversely affected program risk levels, the recent modifications to the acquisition process generally had a positive impact on levels of critical knowledge at the key Milestone B decision point. Based on the results of this study it is recommended that the Government improve its ability to communicate with contractors during competitive phases, particularly with regard to requirements management, and establish verifiable criteria for compliance with theModular Open Systems Approach. Additionally, the Government should clarify the intent of competitive prototyping and develop a strategy to better manage the inevitable gaps between program phases. Contractors are recommended to present more requirements trade-offs and focus less on prototype development during the Technology Development phases of programs. The results of this study may be used by policy makers to shape future acquisition reforms; by Government personnel to improve the implementation of the current regulations; and by contractors to shape strategies and processes for more effective system development. This research may be used by the Government to improve the execution of acquisition programs under this new paradigm. The defense industrial base can use this research to better understand the impacts of the new process and improve strategic planning processes. The research methodology may be applied to new and different types of programs to assess improvement in the execution process over time.
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Date Issued
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2012
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Identifier
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CFE0004358, ucf:49442
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004358
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Title
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OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE: A PREDICTOR OF TECHNOLOGY USE AT ANY AGE?.
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Creator
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Ojalvo, Olivia, Chin, Matthew, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Technology is an integral part of both modern culture and day-to-day communication. Older adults' relationships with technology are completely different than younger adults' because of the way they have learned to incorporate it into their lives. Past research has shown that certain personality traits can predict technology use in younger adults. The current research hopes to take that finding and see if it applies to older adults, too. Four hypotheses were generated. Participants took a...
Show moreTechnology is an integral part of both modern culture and day-to-day communication. Older adults' relationships with technology are completely different than younger adults' because of the way they have learned to incorporate it into their lives. Past research has shown that certain personality traits can predict technology use in younger adults. The current research hopes to take that finding and see if it applies to older adults, too. Four hypotheses were generated. Participants took a survey that consisted of five different scales and measures. Participants also were asked to answer demographic questions. Independent-sample t-tests and bivariate correlations were run on the data. Results showed that general technology use was not significantly correlated to a participant's age. There were significant correlations between the two age groups and psychological well-being, feelings of attachment to peers, technology use subscales and sensation seeking subscales. Future studies should examine the possible relationship of technology use subscales amongst the older population and their attitudes towards technology.
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Date Issued
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2018
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Identifier
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CFH2000431, ucf:45880
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000431
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Title
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Group Composition Characteristics as Predictors of Shared Leadership: An Exploration of Competing Models of Shared Leadership Emergence.
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Creator
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Currie, Richard, Ehrhart, Mark, Burke, Shawn, Jex, Steve, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The study of leadership in organizations has received much research attention over the past several decades. However, most of this research has examined hierarchical structures of leadership wherein one individual leads, or is perceived to lead, several other individuals. With a growing number of organizations structuring employees within teams or work groups, researchers have begun studying the ways in which leadership operates in groups. One alternative to the traditional hierarchical...
Show moreThe study of leadership in organizations has received much research attention over the past several decades. However, most of this research has examined hierarchical structures of leadership wherein one individual leads, or is perceived to lead, several other individuals. With a growing number of organizations structuring employees within teams or work groups, researchers have begun studying the ways in which leadership operates in groups. One alternative to the traditional hierarchical structure is for leadership to be distributed or shared in groups such that multiple group members contribute to the overall leadership function of the group. As a result, researchers have begun examining the construct of shared leadership, which is defined as the extent to which multiple group members share in the leadership function of the group. Because shared leadership is a relatively new concept in the research literature, our knowledge of the antecedents of shared leadership is limited. The primary aim of the present research was to explore group composition as a potential antecedent of shared leadership in teams. Group composition was examined in terms of the agreeableness, extraversion, collectivistic work orientation, and trait competitiveness within the group. Mean, minimum/maximum, and variance models of group composition were employed in the present research. A sample of 385 participants comprised a total of 97 groups of three to six individuals to complete a leaderless group discussion exercise and completed measures of shared leadership after completing the group exercise. Results from a series of hierarchical linear regression analyses found no significant relationships between any of predictors and shared leadership using either a social network analysis or a referent-shift approach. Given the short amount of time group members worked on the group task, a clear implication of these findings is that shared leadership requires adequate time to manifest in groups.
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Date Issued
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2019
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Identifier
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CFE0007446, ucf:52694
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007446
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Title
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English Language Arts Preservice and Inservice Teacher's Knowledge about How to Use eTextbooks and Open Educational Resources to Support Students' Comprehension: A Case Study.
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Creator
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Smith, Lourdes, Zygouris-Coe, Vassiliki, Roberts, Sherron, Damico, Nicole, Wilson, Nance, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The focus of this qualitative, descriptive case study was to (a) investigate the knowledge English Language Arts preservice and inservice teachers had about eTextbooks and Open Educational Resources (OERs) and (b) how they planned to use that knowledge to develop their current/future 6-12 grade students' comprehension and content knowledge. Included within the study were specifics regarding how eTextbooks and OERs can be used to support adolescent learners and how online comprehension skills...
Show moreThe focus of this qualitative, descriptive case study was to (a) investigate the knowledge English Language Arts preservice and inservice teachers had about eTextbooks and Open Educational Resources (OERs) and (b) how they planned to use that knowledge to develop their current/future 6-12 grade students' comprehension and content knowledge. Included within the study were specifics regarding how eTextbooks and OERs can be used to support adolescent learners and how online comprehension skills can be developed. Data were analyzed in order to determine themes related to the use and planning for eTextbooks and OERs in the secondary ELA classroom. Data sources for this study included the participant interviews, document analysis, and a focus group interview. Findings revealed that participants (N=6) were both excited and apprehensive about using technology and that although they had some personal experiences with eTextbooks and OERs, they would need more specific support in helping their future or current students to develop online reading comprehension skills. Implications and recommendations are offered for preservice teacher educators, classroom teachers and professional developers, researchers, and publishers.
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Date Issued
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2017
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Identifier
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CFE0006797, ucf:51922
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006797
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Title
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Multiphase Flow Modeling of Molten Metal Atomization at High Gas Pressure.
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Creator
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Hanthanan Arachchilage, Kalpana, Kumar, Ranganathan, Sohn, Yongho, Kassab, Alain, Shivamoggi, Bhimsen, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The high-pressure gas atomization is well known as one of the best powder manufacturing processes due to its controllability over powder size distribution. However, with the continuous improvement of new alloys, optimizing the operating parameters to maximize the yield is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, it is essential to understand the high-pressure gas atomization process and the effects of different operational parameters on the powder size distribution.Two-phase numerical...
Show moreThe high-pressure gas atomization is well known as one of the best powder manufacturing processes due to its controllability over powder size distribution. However, with the continuous improvement of new alloys, optimizing the operating parameters to maximize the yield is costly and time-consuming. Therefore, it is essential to understand the high-pressure gas atomization process and the effects of different operational parameters on the powder size distribution.Two-phase numerical simulations are performed to capture the interfacial dynamic during the atomization process and to obtain the effects of gas pressure, melt flow rate, and thermophysical properties of atomizing gas and the molten metal. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) model is used to capture the melt-gas interface, and in-house post-processing code is developed to obtain the droplet size distributions. Three-dimensional geometry of an annular-slit close-coupled gas atomizer is utilized to investigate the primary atomization process. The current grid resolution is sufficient forcapturing primary atomization and some characteristics of the secondary atomization, but it is not adequate to capture all the length scales in secondary atomization. Qualitative comparisons of the cumulative volume graphs indicate that this numerical approach is capable of capturing the trends in the atomization process as in the experiments. It is found that a combination of several interfacial instabilities governs the atomization process. Simulations corresponding to different gas pressures show that the atomizationcharacteristics remain unchanged irrespective of the gas pressure. However, it is found that the rate of the evolution and the effectiveness of the atomization process increases with the gas pressure. Three melts (aluminum, steel, and an artificial material with intermediate thermophysical properties) are used to investigate the effects of the molten metal properties and found that the rate of the atomization process decreases with increasing melt density, and the yield of the atomized powder is seen to increase. The flow characteristics remain unchanged for all three melts. The melt flow is strongly correlated with flow characteristics and interfacial instability.
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Date Issued
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2019
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Identifier
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CFE0007814, ucf:52342
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007814
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Title
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PRACTICES OF HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS REGARDING OPEN ENROLLMENT IN ADVANCED PLACEMENT COURSES AND STUDENT PERFORMANCE RESULTS IN 2009.
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Creator
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Bradshaw, Leigh, Taylor, Rosemarye, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The goal of this research was to determine whether or not there was a relationship between principalsÃÂ' reports of practices regarding open enrollment in Advanced Placement (AP) courses and student achievement results on the AP examinations. Because the percentage of the school population enrolled in AP courses and the percentage of students scoring a 3, 4, or 5 on AP examinations were anticipated to impact high school grades in Florida beginning in 2010, research from...
Show moreThe goal of this research was to determine whether or not there was a relationship between principalsÃÂ' reports of practices regarding open enrollment in Advanced Placement (AP) courses and student achievement results on the AP examinations. Because the percentage of the school population enrolled in AP courses and the percentage of students scoring a 3, 4, or 5 on AP examinations were anticipated to impact high school grades in Florida beginning in 2010, research from this study may provide important information to Florida school leaders. Because of school accountability and educational reform initiatives, the study is also important to educational leaders on a national level. Relationships between open enrollment practices shaped by high school principalsÃÂ' decisions and beliefs and the increased enrollment and student performance on AP exams were examined to allow school districts to make curricular decisions regarding rigorous curricular opportunities based on the importance of designing high school AP programs that provide equity and access for all students. The population for this study included all public high schools and their principals (N=56) in five central Florida school districts that administered AP exams in May 2009 and received a Florida Department of Education assigned school grade during the 2008-2009 school year. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between the percentage of students from a school who took or passed the AP examination (dependent variable) and three independent variables describing principalÃÂ's attitudes toward the schoolÃÂ's AP program: (a) access and equity practices, (b) open enrollment practices, and (c) a rating of importance of the AP program. The goal was to determine if the AP examination passing percentage or enrollment percentage could be predicted by these three principal attitudinal variables. The schoolsÃÂ' percentages of students scoring a 3, 4, 5, on AP examinations or taking AP examinations were gathered from the Florida Department of Education website. PrincipalsÃÂ' reports of practices were obtained from self-report on the AP Course Enrollment Survey. When examining to what extent, if any, was there a relationship between the principals' reports of practices regarding open enrollment in AP courses and overall student achievement results on AP examinations in five central Florida counties, there were significant predictors based upon the regression model. In predicting the schoolÃÂ's percentage of white, Hispanic, and Asian populations passing the AP examinations, only the principalÃÂ's perception of access and equity was a statistically significant factor. There were no statistically significant predictors of a schoolÃÂ's percentage of African American students passing the AP examinations. Neither principalÃÂ's perception of open enrollment nor importance contributed to the model results regarding open enrollment in AP courses and overall student achievement results on AP examinations. When examining to what extent, if any, was there a relationship between the principals' reports of practices regarding open enrollment in AP courses and the percentage of students enrolled in AP courses in five central Florida counties, there were significant predictors based upon the regression model. In predicting the schoolÃÂ's percentage of students taking AP examinations, only the principalÃÂ's perception of importance was significant for overall and for all student populations. Open enrollment was significant for the overall populations as well as white and Asian subpopulations. Access/Equity was only significant for white students. Thus, importance was the main cause of the model significance regarding open enrollment in AP courses and the percentage of students enrolled in AP courses. This investigation revealed that as schools increased the access and equity in AP programs that successful student performance percentages increased as did AP course enrollment percentages. Also when the variable of importance by principals was placed on AP programs, it typically had a positive impact on student performance percentages yet sometimes caused a decrease in AP course enrollment. The investigation also revealed and was supported by research that the open enrollment practices of a school may cause a decrease in successful student performance percentages. However, open enrollment practices increase student enrollment in AP courses and student success over time. Educational leaders have the natural responsibility to increase student achievement in schools. There must be appropriate practices and procedures put in place and monitored by principals to meet accountability standards and to increase equity in and access to a rigorous curriculum for all students. Based of educational reform and school accountability demands, balancing the benefits of open enrollment for AP programs, cost effectiveness of AP programs, the allocation of scarce resources, and maintaining course validity and rigor are important issues for educational leaders to consider (College Board, 2004).
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Date Issued
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2010
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Identifier
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CFE0003245, ucf:48563
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003245
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Title
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Evolution Through the Search for Novelty.
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Creator
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Lehman, Joel, Stanley, Kenneth, Gonzalez, Avelino, Wiegand, Rudolf, Hoffman, Eric, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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I present a new approach to evolutionary search called novelty search, wherein only behavioral novelty is rewarded, thereby abstracting evolution as a search for novel forms. This new approach contrasts with the traditional approach of rewarding progress towards the objective through an objective function. Although they are designed to light a path to the objective, objective functions can instead deceive search into converging to dead ends called local optima.As a significant problem in...
Show moreI present a new approach to evolutionary search called novelty search, wherein only behavioral novelty is rewarded, thereby abstracting evolution as a search for novel forms. This new approach contrasts with the traditional approach of rewarding progress towards the objective through an objective function. Although they are designed to light a path to the objective, objective functions can instead deceive search into converging to dead ends called local optima.As a significant problem in evolutionary computation, deception has inspired many techniques designed to mitigate it. However, nearly all such methods are still ultimately susceptible to deceptive local optima because they still measure progress with respect to the objective, which this dissertation will show is often a broken compass. Furthermore, although novelty search completely abandons the objective, it counterintuitively often outperforms methods that search directly for the objective in deceptive tasks and can induce evolutionary dynamics closer in spirit to natural evolution. The main contributions are to (1) introduce novelty search, an example of an effective search method that is not guided by actively measuring or encouraging objective progress; (2) validate novelty search by applying it to biped locomotion; (3) demonstrate novelty search's benefits for evolvability (i.e. the abilityof an organism to further evolve) in a variety of domains; (4) introduce an extension of novelty search called minimal criteria novelty search that brings a new abstraction of natural evolution to evolutionary computation (i.e. evolution as a search for many ways of meeting the minimal criteria of life); (5) present a second extension of novelty search called novelty search with local competition that abstracts evolution instead as a process driven towards diversity with competition playing a subservient role; and (6) evolve a diversity of functional virtual creatures in a single run as a culminating application of novelty search with local competition. Overall these contributions establish novelty search as an important new research direction for the field of evolutionary computation.
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Date Issued
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2012
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Identifier
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CFE0004398, ucf:49390
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004398
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Title
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A Quasi-Experiment Examining Expressive and Receptive Vocabulary Knowledge of Preschool Head Start Children Using Mobile Media Apps.
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Creator
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Vatalaro, Angela, Culp, Anne, Szente, Judit, Hahs-Vaughn, Debbie, Levin, Judith, Goodman, Jill, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The American Academy of Pediatrics (1999, 2011) recommends no screen time for children under two years and limited screen time for three- and four-year-olds. Despite these recommendations, most young children have easy access to various types of screens. In particular, children's use of mobile media, including tablets and other touch screen devices, is increasing (Common Sense Media, 2013). Even though scholars have highlighted positive uses for mobile media (Christakis, 2014; Radesky,...
Show moreThe American Academy of Pediatrics (1999, 2011) recommends no screen time for children under two years and limited screen time for three- and four-year-olds. Despite these recommendations, most young children have easy access to various types of screens. In particular, children's use of mobile media, including tablets and other touch screen devices, is increasing (Common Sense Media, 2013). Even though scholars have highlighted positive uses for mobile media (Christakis, 2014; Radesky, Schumacher, (&) Zuckerman, 2015) and there are recommendations in place for using mobile media with young children in active, open-ended ways (NAEYC (&) Fred Rogers Center, 2012), there has been very limited research conducted on the impact of mobile media on young children's development. What is more, as early childhood professionals are beginning to incorporate mobile media into their classrooms, they are struggling with the ability to use these devices in developmentally appropriate ways (Marklund, 2015; Nuttall, Edwards, Mantilla, Grieshaber, (&) Wood, 2015). The primary purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of using different types of mobile media apps to increase the receptive and expressive vocabulary development of preschool children living in economically disadvantaged communities. Children and teachers in four Head Start classrooms participated in the quasi-experimental study, which included an eight-week intervention in which the children interacted with one of two types of apps: one classroom used direct instruction vocabulary apps (n = 16) and one classroom used open-ended vocabulary apps (n = 15). Two classrooms served as control groups (n = 18; n = 14) which used apps that were chosen by the Head Start program with no specific instructional method. Children's vocabulary was assessed pre- and post-intervention. To assess receptive vocabulary, the PPVT-4 (Dunn (&) Dunn, 2007) and an iPad Receptive Vocabulary Assessment (Vatalaro, 2015a) were used. To assess expressive vocabulary, the EVT-2 (Williams, 2007) and an iPad Expressive Vocabulary Assessment (Vatalaro, 2015b) were used. Using a repeated measures analysis of variance with split plot analysis, children who used direct instruction apps performed statistically significantly higher on the PPVT-4 than children who used open-ended apps. Children in the direct instruction app group also performed statistically significantly higher than both control groups on the iPad Receptive Vocabulary Assessment. There were no statistically significant differences between groups for receptive vocabulary as measured by the EVT-2. However, when children were credited for describing a function instead of the iPad vocabulary word, the analysis of the iPad Expressive Vocabulary Assessment revealed that the children using direct instruction apps performed statistically significantly higher than children using open-ended apps and the children in one of the control groups. A secondary purpose of the present study was to examine the use of apps in mobile media by Head Start teachers. The teachers in the two intervention classrooms participated in weekly meetings with the primary researcher for support in using mobile media in their classrooms in order to ensure that the child intervention was carried out with fidelity. After analyzing data from teachers' self-report daily logs across the eight-week intervention, it was determined that the children received instruction on the assigned apps in both intervention classrooms. Although caution is given to the findings due to some limitations such as the quasi-experimental choice of a research design and the number of participants, the present study contributed to the early childhood research literature with the findings that interactive, animated apps which provide the meanings of vocabulary words in a direct instruction manner may have the ability to increase a child's receptive vocabulary, and to increase a child's descriptive definitions of iPad functions. This information increases the chance that teachers in Head Start will begin using direct instruction apps, in the hope of increasing a child's vocabulary knowledge.
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Date Issued
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2015
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Identifier
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CFE0005896, ucf:50859
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005896
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Title
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Load-Balancing in Local and Metro-Area networks with MPTCP and OpenFlow.
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Creator
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Jerome, Austin, Bassiouni, Mostafa, Yuksel, Murat, Zou, Changchun, Jin, Yier, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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In this thesis, a novel load-balancing technique for local or metro-area traffic is proposed in mesh-style topologies. The technique uses Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture with virtual local area network (VLAN) setups typically seen in a campus or small-to-medium enterprise environment. This was done to provide a possible solution or at least a platform to expand on for the load-balancing dilemma that network administrators face today. The transport layer protocol Multi-Path TCP ...
Show moreIn this thesis, a novel load-balancing technique for local or metro-area traffic is proposed in mesh-style topologies. The technique uses Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture with virtual local area network (VLAN) setups typically seen in a campus or small-to-medium enterprise environment. This was done to provide a possible solution or at least a platform to expand on for the load-balancing dilemma that network administrators face today. The transport layer protocol Multi-Path TCP (MPTCP) coupled with IP aliasing is also used. The trait of MPTCP of forming multiple subflows from sender to receiver depending on the availability of IP addresses at either the sender or receiver helps to divert traffic in the subflows across all available paths. The combination of MPTCP subflows with IP aliasing enables spreading out of the traffic load across greater number of links in the network, and thereby achieving load balancing and better network utilization. The traffic formed of each subflow would be forwarded across the network based on Hamiltonian 'paths' which are created in association with each switch in the topology which are directly connected to hosts. The amount of 'paths' in the topology would also depend on the number of VLANs setup for the hosts in the topology. This segregation would allow for network administrators to monitor network utilization across VLANs and give the ability to balance load across VLANs. We have devised several experiments in Mininet, and the experimentation showed promising results with significantly better throughput and network utilization compared to cases where normal TCP was used to send traffic from source to destination. Our study clearly shows the advantages of using MPTCP for load balancing purposes in SDN type architectures and provides a platform for future research on using VLANs, SDN, and MPTCP for network traffic management.
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Date Issued
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2017
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Identifier
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CFE0006887, ucf:51705
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006887
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Title
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Implementation of Refining Statements in OpenJML and Verification of Higher Order Methods with Model Program Specifications.
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Creator
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Gurramkonda, Sai Chandesh, Leavens, Gary, Turgut, Damla, Jha, Sumit Kumar, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The Java Modeling Language (JML) describes the functional behavior of Java classes and methods using pre- and postconditions. However, standard pre- and postcondition specifications cannot verify calls to higher order methods (HOMs). JML uses model program specifications to reason about HOMs. This thesis describes the implementation of model programs in the OpenJML tool. The implementation includes parsing, type checking, and matching of model program specifications against the code.
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Date Issued
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2017
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Identifier
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CFE0006743, ucf:51831
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006743
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Title
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Quantifying Ultra-high Performance Concrete Flexural System Mechanical Response.
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Creator
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Xiao, Yulin, Mackie, Kevin, Catbas, Necati, Chopra, Manoj, Gordon, Ali, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The research and application of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC) has been developedsignificantly within the last 1-2 decades. Due to the specific property of high strength capacity, it is potential to be used in bridge deck system without shear reinforcement so that it provides even lighter self-weight of the deck. However, one of the shear component, dowel action, has not beenadequately investigated in the past. In this dissertation, a particular test was designed and carried out to...
Show moreThe research and application of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC) has been developedsignificantly within the last 1-2 decades. Due to the specific property of high strength capacity, it is potential to be used in bridge deck system without shear reinforcement so that it provides even lighter self-weight of the deck. However, one of the shear component, dowel action, has not beenadequately investigated in the past. In this dissertation, a particular test was designed and carried out to fully investigate the dowel action response, especially its contribution to shear resistance. In addition, research on serviceability and fatigue behaviors were expanded as well to delete the concern on other factors that may influence the application to the deck system. Both experimental and analytical methods including finite element modeling, OpenSees modeling and other extension studies were presented throughout the entire dissertation where required.
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Date Issued
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2014
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Identifier
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CFE0005563, ucf:50288
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005563
Pages