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- Title
- The Role of Resilience on Second-Victim Outcomes: Examining Individual and External Factors of Medical Professionals.
- Creator
-
Hernandez, Claudia, Burke, Shawn, Bowers, Clint, Porter, Marissa, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The present work is intended to bring awareness to medical professionals impacted by the occurrence of errors they have committed or witnessed (i.e., second-victims) and highlight the negative effects that may result from such errors. The purpose of this research is to test whether resilience and negative affect that is experienced after a medical error are related. Additionally, four variables are tested as moderators of this relationship, two of which are considered individual variables (i...
Show moreThe present work is intended to bring awareness to medical professionals impacted by the occurrence of errors they have committed or witnessed (i.e., second-victims) and highlight the negative effects that may result from such errors. The purpose of this research is to test whether resilience and negative affect that is experienced after a medical error are related. Additionally, four variables are tested as moderators of this relationship, two of which are considered individual variables (i.e., self-efficacy and work meaningfulness), and two of which are characterized as external variables (i.e., co-worker support and organizational support). Twenty-two healthcare professionals from a hospital's Cardio-Vascular Intensive Care Unit participated in a short survey. Results showed a relationship exists between resilience and negative affect experienced by second victims, post-error. The limitations of the current work, practical implications, and ideas for future research will be expanded upon herein.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007651, ucf:52475
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007651
- Title
- Habituation Trajectory During Exposure Therapy: Comparing Trauma Frequency and Trauma Type.
- Creator
-
Marks, Madeline, Bowers, Clint, Beidel, Deborah, Newins, Amie, Jasinski, Jana, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The current DSM-5 criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affords heterogeneous symptom presentations; however, current treatment fails to consider differences in trauma frequency and trauma type. These different symptom profiles that exist within the PTSD framework lead to questions about the generalizability of treatment outcomes from one group to another group. One group of interest is those that experience multiple traumatic events and report multiple index traumas (trauma...
Show moreThe current DSM-5 criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affords heterogeneous symptom presentations; however, current treatment fails to consider differences in trauma frequency and trauma type. These different symptom profiles that exist within the PTSD framework lead to questions about the generalizability of treatment outcomes from one group to another group. One group of interest is those that experience multiple traumatic events and report multiple index traumas (trauma frequency). The second group of interest is those with a PTSD diagnosis from occupational exposure to traumatic events (trauma type). Appreciation of the reinforcement schedule may be particularly crucial for understanding treatment response. The current study aims to investigate habituation responses during exposure therapy to inform treatment modifications and decisions. Exposure therapy process variables, session variables, and PTSD severity were examined for a sample of 128 participants that sought treatment for combat-related PTSD or occupation-related PTSD, some of whom endorsed multiple index traumas, and some of whom endorsed a single index trauma. Results revealed no significant differences based on trauma frequency or trauma type for within-session and between-session habituation. This suggests that the effectiveness of a flooding approach to extinguish avoidance behavior may overcome the impact of reinforcement schedule on fear habituation. The results of the present study contribute to the growing body of literature that suggests the exclusion of patients based on the pre-treatment characteristics of trauma frequency and trauma type is unfounded.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007676, ucf:52458
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007676
- Title
- Adaptation and Resilience of Extreme Teams: A Qualitative Study Using Historiometric Analysis.
- Creator
-
Padgett, Lauren, Burke, Shawn, Jentsch, Florian, Bowers, Clint, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The business and academic worlds agree that team resilience and team adaptation are in increasing need of study. This study explores the behavioral processes of team adaptation(-)specifically, those action phase and interpersonal processes mapped by Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro (2001) and overlapping with the team adaptation model by Burke, Stagl, Salas, Pierce, and Kendall (2006) and expanded by Rosen et al. (2011). Additionally, the impact of trigger type on adaptive behaviors is explored as...
Show moreThe business and academic worlds agree that team resilience and team adaptation are in increasing need of study. This study explores the behavioral processes of team adaptation(-)specifically, those action phase and interpersonal processes mapped by Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro (2001) and overlapping with the team adaptation model by Burke, Stagl, Salas, Pierce, and Kendall (2006) and expanded by Rosen et al. (2011). Additionally, the impact of trigger type on adaptive behaviors is explored as suggested by Maynard and Kennedy (2016). Theseexplorations are conducted within the context of extreme teams, and the primary method used is Crayne and Hunter's (2018) historiometric analysis (HMA). The chosen sources include crewdiaries and new articles detailing the events of the 2014-2015 Volvo Ocean. Critical incidents are pulled from these sources and coded for trigger type as either taskwork- or teamwork-focused,and the adaptive behaviors in response to these triggers are coded in a bottom up, emergent process. The data is reported as rank-ordered frequencies. Results suggest that resilient teamsengage in some of those processes suggested by the Marks et al. (2001) framework(-)coordination, monitoring, communication, and backup(-)as well as other adaptive behavioral processes. Furthermore, taskwork-focused triggers are seen as resulting in more action phase behavioral adaptation processes, though limited data is found to speak to the mechanisms of teamwork-focused triggers. Future research directions are suggested to include examination of teams of various levels of expertise in both taskwork-specific and generalized teamwork skills.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007162, ucf:52294
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007162
- Title
- The relationship between team role sub-dimensions, personality, and team effectiveness.
- Creator
-
Howell, Ryan, Burke, Shawn, Bowers, Clint, Driskell, James, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
A manned mission to Mars would be the longest manned mission (both by distance and duration) to date by a considerable margin. Such a mission poses a unique set of challenges to astronaut teams, including extreme levels of isolation and confinement never before experienced by Earth-bound teams. A crucial step in ensuring the team will arrive back on Earth safely is selecting those individuals who are most apt for the job. To facilitate the selection process and development of countermeasures,...
Show moreA manned mission to Mars would be the longest manned mission (both by distance and duration) to date by a considerable margin. Such a mission poses a unique set of challenges to astronaut teams, including extreme levels of isolation and confinement never before experienced by Earth-bound teams. A crucial step in ensuring the team will arrive back on Earth safely is selecting those individuals who are most apt for the job. To facilitate the selection process and development of countermeasures, this work (as part of a larger NASA research grant) involves examining the relationship between personality (Big 5; openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability) and the team role sub-dimensions, which are defined as patterns of behavior which comprise team roles, of sociability, task orientation, and dominance. Additionally, I will also examine to what extent enacting team roles (e.g., 'Critic', 'Entertainer', 'Team Player', etc.) ensures mission success, such that more effective teams will distribute team roles as needed. The data for this project was derived from NASA's HERA (Human Exploration Research Analog), a study environment meant to simulate long-duration space exploration missions. In addition to presenting hypotheses and data analyses, implications and future steps will also be addressed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007194, ucf:52276
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007194
- Title
- The Effects of Presence and Cognitive Load on Episodic Memory in Virtual Environments.
- Creator
-
Barclay, Paul, Sims, Valerie, Bowers, Clint, Jentsch, Florian, Fiore, Stephen, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Episodic memory refers to an individual's memory for events that they have experienced in the past along with the associated contextual details. In order to more closely reflect the way that episodic memory functions in the real world, researchers and clinicians test episodic memory using virtual environments. However, these virtual environments introduce new interfaces and task demands that are not present in traditional methodologies. This dissertation investigates these environments...
Show moreEpisodic memory refers to an individual's memory for events that they have experienced in the past along with the associated contextual details. In order to more closely reflect the way that episodic memory functions in the real world, researchers and clinicians test episodic memory using virtual environments. However, these virtual environments introduce new interfaces and task demands that are not present in traditional methodologies. This dissertation investigates these environments through the lenses of Presence and Cognitive Load theories in order to unravel the ways that basic technological and task differences may affect memory performance. Participants completed a virtual task under High and Low Immersion conditions intended to manipulate Presence and Single-Task, Ecological Dual-Task and Non-Ecological Dual-Task conditions intended to manipulate cognitive load. Afterward they completed a battery of memory tasks assessing spatial, object, and feature binding aspects of episodic memory. Analysis through 2x3 ANOVA showed that performance for spatial memory is greatly improved by manipulation of Presence, where performance for object memory is improved by germane cognitive load. Exploratory analyses also revealed significant gender differences in spatial memory performance, indicating that improving Presence may offset the higher levels in male performance traditionally seen on spatial tasks. These results have practical implications for clinical memory assessment, as well as training paradigms and may serve to highlight the differences in the ways that memory is studied in the laboratory versus the way that it is employed in day-to-day life. Future studies based on this research should focus on linking these differences in memory performance to visuospatial and verbal strategies of memorization and determining whether the effects observed in this study replicate using other manipulations of presence and cognitive load.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007601, ucf:52521
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007601
- Title
- A Randomized Control Trial of Video Modeling for enacting skill change in a group of Master's level trainee clinicians.
- Creator
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Matsumiya, Brandon, Bowers, Clint, Beidel, Deborah, Neer, Sandra, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The (")research-to-practice(") gap is a problem that the field of medicine faces regarding disseminating findings from research into the field of practice. The traditional methods of disseminating best practices, using workshops and manuals, has been found to be ineffective. Several more active learning strategies, such as the use of behavioral models and behavioral rehearsals have been suggested as possible alternatives that may increase transfer of knowledge after a training. Additionally,...
Show moreThe (")research-to-practice(") gap is a problem that the field of medicine faces regarding disseminating findings from research into the field of practice. The traditional methods of disseminating best practices, using workshops and manuals, has been found to be ineffective. Several more active learning strategies, such as the use of behavioral models and behavioral rehearsals have been suggested as possible alternatives that may increase transfer of knowledge after a training. Additionally, web-based trainings have been suggested as another possible avenue for increasing dissemination of evidence-based practices. This is particularly important for evidence-based treatments such as Exposure Therapy for PTSD which suffers a (")public relations problem(") in the field of mental health.This study examined the utility of using a video model to disseminate the skill of fear hierarchy construction for patients with PTSD. Analyses were conducted using a moderated mediation model looking at how video modeling or script condition moderate the relationship between condition and change in self-efficacy, and if this change mediates the relationship between condition and change in fear hierarchy skill. Self-efficacy and positive attitudes toward exposure therapy were increased, however, there was no connection between treatment condition and change in skill. The study's findings suggest that short online trainings may be effective at reducing negative attitudes toward EBTs, and at increasing self-efficacy for a related skill of fear hierarchy construction.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007679, ucf:52490
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007679
- Title
- Front-Line Registered Nurse Job Satisfaction and Predictors: A Meta-Analysis from 1980 - 2009.
- Creator
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Saber, Deborah Anne, Norris, Anne, Andrews, Diane, Byers, Jacqueline, Bowers, Clint, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Front-line registered nurses (RNs) make up the workforce that directly affect the care of patients in a variety of different healthcare settings. RN job satisfaction is important because it is tied to retention, organizational commitment, workforce safety, patient safety, and cost savings. The strongest predictors have been difficult to determine because workplaces differ, numerous tools to measure satisfaction exist, the workforce is diversified by generations and work positions, and ongoing...
Show moreFront-line registered nurses (RNs) make up the workforce that directly affect the care of patients in a variety of different healthcare settings. RN job satisfaction is important because it is tied to retention, organizational commitment, workforce safety, patient safety, and cost savings. The strongest predictors have been difficult to determine because workplaces differ, numerous tools to measure satisfaction exist, the workforce is diversified by generations and work positions, and ongoing policy changes directly impact the work of the front-line RN. The strength and stability of the workforce depends on an accurate understanding of the predictors of job satisfaction for the front-line RN. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively, quantitatively examine predictors of front-line RN job satisfaction from 1980-2009 to provide overarching conclusions based on empirical evidence. Of interest was: the (1) estimation of large, moderate, and small predictor summary effect sizes; (2) assessment of predictor differences among decades (i.e., 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s); (3) identification of causes for predictor differences among studies (i.e., moderators); and (4) investigation of predictor differences between generations (i.e., Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials).A non-a priori meta-analysis approach was guided by inclusion and exclusion criteria to review published and unpublished studies from 1980(-)2009. The search process identified 48 published and 14 unpublished studies used for analysis. Within the studies that met inclusion criteria, 27 job satisfaction predictors met inclusion for analysis. Studies were coded for Study Characteristics (e.g., Year of Publication, Country of Study) that were needed for moderator analysis. Predictors were coded for data that were necessary to calculate predictor summary effect sizes (i.e., r, n). Coding quality was maximized with a coding reliability scheme that included the primary investigator (PI) and secondary coder. A random-effects model was used to guide the calculation of summary effect sizes for each job satisfaction predictor. Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and Rosenthal's Fail-safe N. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate predictor differences among decades (i.e., 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s). Heterogeneity among studies was calculated (i.e., Q-statistic, I-squared, and Tau-squared) to guide the need for moderator analysis. Moderator analyses were conducted to evaluate Study Characteristics as sources of predictor differences among studies, and to investigate the influence of Age (i.e., generation) on predictor effect sizes.The largest effect sizes were found for three predictors: Task Significance (r=.61), Empowerment (r=.55), and Control (r=.52). Moderate effect sizes were found for 10 predictors (e.g., Autonomy: r=.44; Stress: r=-.43), and small effect sizes were found for nine predictors (e.g., Wages: r=.23; Staffing Adequacy: r=.19). Significant heterogeneity between studies was present in all of the 27 predictor analyses. Effect size differences were not found between decades or generations. Moderator analysis found that the sources of the difference between studies remain unexplained indicating that unknown moderators are present.Findings from this study indicate that the largest predictors of job satisfaction for the front-line RN may be different than previously thought. Heterogeneity between studies and unidentified moderators indicate that there are significant differences among studies and more research is needed to identify the source(s) of these differences. The findings from this study can be used at the organizational, state, and national level to guide leaders to focus efforts of workplace improvements that are based on predictors that are most meaningful to front-line RNs (i.e., Task Requirements, Empowerment, and Control). Future research is needed to determine contemporary predictors of job satisfaction for the front-line RN, and the causes of heterogeneity between studies. The findings from the current study provide the critical synthesis needed to guide educational and practice recommendations aimed at supporting job satisfaction of front-line RNs, thereby, maintaining this integral component of the healthcare workforce.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFE0004592, ucf:49220
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004592
- Title
- MEASURING MULTILEVEL CONSTRUCTS: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TEAM BEHAVIORAL PROCESS UNDER COMPILATIONAL MODELS.
- Creator
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Murase, Toshio, Dechurch, Leslie, Salas, Eduardo, Bowers, Clint, Kapucu, Naim, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Since at least the 1950s, researchers interested in studying the dynamics of small groups have struggled with how best to measure interaction processes. Although team process measurement issues are not particularly unique in terms of content, measuring multilevel phenomena presents an interesting problem because structural aspects are integral components of emergence. The elemental content of multilevel phenomena is wholly unique and distinguishable from the elemental content of composite...
Show moreSince at least the 1950s, researchers interested in studying the dynamics of small groups have struggled with how best to measure interaction processes. Although team process measurement issues are not particularly unique in terms of content, measuring multilevel phenomena presents an interesting problem because structural aspects are integral components of emergence. The elemental content of multilevel phenomena is wholly unique and distinguishable from the elemental content of composite units, and emerges as individual behaviors compile to higher levels of analyses. Analogous to chemical structures, behavioral phenomena manifest at higher levels in different structural patterns as members connect to one another through dynamic interactions. Subsequently, multilevel phenomena are more appropriately characterized in terms of pattern in addition to the traditionally measured intensity. The vast majority of teams research conceptualizes and operationalizes multilevel phenomena based on compositional (i.e., additive) models. This approach impedes the further advancement of the science of team effectiveness by capturing content and intensity, but not structure. This dissertation argues that compilational models better capture content, intensity, and structure, and therefore represent a preferred alternative for conceptualizing and operationalizing team processes. This dissertation details measurement issues associated with compositional models in teams research, and provides concepts helpful for reconceptualizing team processes as compilational forms.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0004145, ucf:49048
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004145
- Title
- Conflict in Virtually Distributed Teams.
- Creator
-
Darling, Budd, Salas, Eduardo, Bowers, Clint, Burke, Shawn, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The purpose of this paper was two-fold. The first was to investigate the impact of conflict as a mediator in the relationship between distribution and team performance. The second was to examine how that relationship was affected by virtuality. Four-member teams of different distributions (partially distributed, fully distributed, and fully collocated) and different virtuality conditions (videoconferencing, teleconferencing, and chat) played a team-oriented game. Significant results were...
Show moreThe purpose of this paper was two-fold. The first was to investigate the impact of conflict as a mediator in the relationship between distribution and team performance. The second was to examine how that relationship was affected by virtuality. Four-member teams of different distributions (partially distributed, fully distributed, and fully collocated) and different virtuality conditions (videoconferencing, teleconferencing, and chat) played a team-oriented game. Significant results were found only in the videoconferencing condition, in which both distribution and task conflict had a negative impact on team performance, but task conflict did not mediate the relationship between distribution and team performance. Further research investigating how virtuality impacts distributed teams in needed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFE0004987, ucf:49552
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004987
- Title
- The Examination of a Mobile Application for the Reduction of Posttraumatic Stress Related Symptoms in Emergency Dispatchers.
- Creator
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Willis, Emy, Beidel, Deborah, Bowers, Clint, Neer, Sandra, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Emergency dispatchers report that their jobs are stressful, yet there are few controlled investigations examining their specific psychological complaints. Additionally, research examining the use of interventions directed at alleviating their work-related stress is limited. This study aims to examine the efficacy and feasibility of a mobile application (PTSD Coach) on various indicators of psychosocial well-being among emergency telecommunicator dispatchers. A sample of 117 emergency...
Show moreEmergency dispatchers report that their jobs are stressful, yet there are few controlled investigations examining their specific psychological complaints. Additionally, research examining the use of interventions directed at alleviating their work-related stress is limited. This study aims to examine the efficacy and feasibility of a mobile application (PTSD Coach) on various indicators of psychosocial well-being among emergency telecommunicator dispatchers. A sample of 117 emergency dispatchers completed self-report psychological mood assessments at baseline, weekly for five weeks during PTSD Coach use and post-treatment. Participant report of psychological symptoms showed statistically significant decreases in mood severity over the period of one month.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007556, ucf:52595
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007556
- Title
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder or Combat Experience? A Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy Study of Trauma-related Auditory and Olfactory Cues.
- Creator
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Gramlich, Michael, Neer, Sandra, Bowers, Clint, Beidel, Deborah, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
While the clinical communities are aware of the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among OEF/OIF/OND veterans, further efforts are necessary to bolster comprehensive strategies for assessment and treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a combat-related PTSD symptom provocation paradigm would elicit unique neurological responses via functional near-infrared spectroscopy across three groups (-) combat veterans with PTSD, combat veterans without PTSD, and...
Show moreWhile the clinical communities are aware of the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among OEF/OIF/OND veterans, further efforts are necessary to bolster comprehensive strategies for assessment and treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a combat-related PTSD symptom provocation paradigm would elicit unique neurological responses via functional near-infrared spectroscopy across three groups (-) combat veterans with PTSD, combat veterans without PTSD, and nonmilitary participants without PTSD. Results indicated that combat veterans with PTSD demonstrated significant activation during exposure to a trauma-related sound compared to nonmilitary personnel at channels 14 (d = 1.03) and 15 (d = 1.30) and combat veterans without PTSD at channel 14 (d = 0.87). Specifically, this increased neural activation was approximately located in the right superior/medial prefrontal cortex (BA 9/10), associated with evaluating cue-familiarity and emotional detachment. Results were less clear with respect to a combat-related odor. These results suggest a specific neurophysiological response to trauma-related cues and if replicated, may offer a biomarker for combat-related PTSD. Such a response could provide incremental validity over diagnostic assessments alone and assist in planning and monitoring of treatment outcome.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006596, ucf:51297
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006596
- Title
- The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury on Exposure Therapy in Veterans with Combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
- Creator
-
Ragsdale, Kathleen, Beidel, Deborah, Neer, Sandra, Bowers, Clint, Ni, Liqiang, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn are presenting for treatment with high rates of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), spurring a need for clinical research on optimal treatment strategies. While exposure therapy has long been supported as an efficacious treatment for combat-related PTSD, some clinicians are hesitant to utilize this treatment for veterans with TBI history due to presumed...
Show moreVeterans of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn are presenting for treatment with high rates of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), spurring a need for clinical research on optimal treatment strategies. While exposure therapy has long been supported as an efficacious treatment for combat-related PTSD, some clinicians are hesitant to utilize this treatment for veterans with TBI history due to presumed cognitive deficits that may preclude successful engagement. The purpose of this study was to compare exposure therapy process variables in veterans with PTSD only and veterans with PTSD+TBI. Results suggest that individuals with PTSD+TBI engage successfully in exposure therapy, and do so no differently than individuals with PTSD only. Additional analyses indicated that regardless of TBI status, more severe PTSD was related to longer sessions, more sessions, and slower extinction rate during imaginal exposure. Finally, in a subset of participants, self-report of executive dysfunction did not impact exposure therapy process variables. Overall, findings indicate that exposure therapy should be the first-line treatment for combat-related PTSD regardless of presence of TBI history.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005868, ucf:50894
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005868
- Title
- Role of Sleep in Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in OIF/OEF Combat Veterans.
- Creator
-
Mesa, Franklin, Beidel, Deborah, Neer, Sandra, Bowers, Clint, Ni, Liqiang, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Exposure therapy is theorized to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology by promoting habituation/extinction of fear responses to trauma-related cues. Empirical evidence indicates that emotional memory, including habituation/extinction learning, is enhanced by sleep. However, service members with combat-related PTSD often report disturbed sleep. In this study, quality of sleep and indicators of extinction learning were examined in veterans of recent wars who had completed...
Show moreExposure therapy is theorized to reduce posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology by promoting habituation/extinction of fear responses to trauma-related cues. Empirical evidence indicates that emotional memory, including habituation/extinction learning, is enhanced by sleep. However, service members with combat-related PTSD often report disturbed sleep. In this study, quality of sleep and indicators of extinction learning were examined in veterans of recent wars who had completed an exposure-based PTSD intervention. Fifty-five participants were categorized into two groups based on self-reported quality of sleep: low sleep disruption severity (LSDS; N = 29) and high sleep disruption severity (HSDS; N = 26). Participants in the LSDS group exhibited faster habituation to their traumatic memories and reported less PTSD symptomatology during and following treatment relative to participants in the HSDS group. These findings indicate that individuals with combat-related PTSD reporting less disturbed sleep experience greater extinction learning during exposure therapy. Thus, incorporating interventions that target PTSD-related sleep disturbances may be one way to maximize exposure therapy outcomes in service members with PTSD.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006355, ucf:51520
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006355
- Title
- Optimizing Strategies for In Vivo Exposure in the Traditional Clinical Setting.
- Creator
-
Owens, Maryann, Beidel, Deborah, Cassisi, Jeffrey, Bowers, Clint, Neer, Sandra, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
This study examined the ability of a pre-recorded videoconferencing (VC) audience to elicit the physiological and subjective arousal associated with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) when giving a formal presentation. This study had three objectives: (a) to determine whether speaking to the VC audience elicited significant increases in physiological response (e.g., heart rate and electrodermal activity) and subjective distress over baseline resting conditions (b) to determine whether the VC task...
Show moreThis study examined the ability of a pre-recorded videoconferencing (VC) audience to elicit the physiological and subjective arousal associated with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) when giving a formal presentation. This study had three objectives: (a) to determine whether speaking to the VC audience elicited significant increases in physiological response (e.g., heart rate and electrodermal activity) and subjective distress over baseline resting conditions (b) to determine whether the VC task more closely replicates the physiological and subjective experience of giving a speech to a comparable real-life audience than levels elicited by a Virtual Reality (VR) environment and (c) to determine whether the VC task elicited higher levels of presence and fear of negative evaluation than the VR task, more closely replicating levels elicited by an in vivo speech. All participants gave an impromptu speech under three conditions: in vivo, VC, and VR audience while measures of physiological arousal, self-reported distress, and presence were obtained. Results demonstrated that the VC task elicited significantly greater increases in heart rate, electrodermal activity, and self-reported distress than the VR task and VC responses were not significantly different from in vivo. In addition, participants reported levels of immersion and fear of negative evaluation during the VC task that were significantly greater than during the VR task, and did not differ significantly from in vivo. Clinical implications of these findings including cost effectiveness and the role of VC in the treatment of SAD are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006367, ucf:51513
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006367
- Title
- Health Behaviors in Military Veterans with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
- Creator
-
Kitsmiller, Emily, Neer, Sandra, Beidel, Deborah, Bowers, Clint, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
A link between posttraumatic stress disorder and health behaviors, such as exercise, alcohol, smoking, and caffeine has been suggested. However, it is unknown whether veterans with combat-related PTSD differ from combat veterans without PTSD and whether health behaviors change over the course of exposure therapy for PTSD or differ based on PTSD severity. This study examined the relationship between health behaviors and PTSD. More specifically, combat veterans with and without PTSD were...
Show moreA link between posttraumatic stress disorder and health behaviors, such as exercise, alcohol, smoking, and caffeine has been suggested. However, it is unknown whether veterans with combat-related PTSD differ from combat veterans without PTSD and whether health behaviors change over the course of exposure therapy for PTSD or differ based on PTSD severity. This study examined the relationship between health behaviors and PTSD. More specifically, combat veterans with and without PTSD were compared across self-reported levels of alcohol use, smoking, exercise, and caffeine. Health behaviors of combat veterans with PTSD were compared before and after a 17-week treatment for PTSD. Results showed a significant number of participants decreased alcohol use at post-treatment by an average of eight drinks over 30 days, regardless of their PTSD severity level or amount of improvement in PTSD symptoms. No significant differences were found for other health behaviors.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006891, ucf:51711
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006891
- Title
- Re-Conceptualizing Compassion Fatigue: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
- Creator
-
Marks, Madeline, Bowers, Clint, Beidel, Deborah, Jentsch, Florian, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Those who are not directly in danger themselves can and do experience negative effects, sometimes at higher rates than those directly exposed. These individuals who experience indirect exposure are often those who work in (")helping(") professions. Helping professionals include psychologists, physicians, nurses, social workers, and first responders, among others. Joinson (1992) described a phenomenon unique to helping professionals, which was termed compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue...
Show moreThose who are not directly in danger themselves can and do experience negative effects, sometimes at higher rates than those directly exposed. These individuals who experience indirect exposure are often those who work in (")helping(") professions. Helping professionals include psychologists, physicians, nurses, social workers, and first responders, among others. Joinson (1992) described a phenomenon unique to helping professionals, which was termed compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue describes these negative affects experienced by helping professionals as a cumulative process. These negative changes can be related to mood and/or a transformation in cognitions. Further, these changes are the result of the empathy and emotionally intense contact with people who experienced a traumatic event, which results in maladaptive psychological consequences that influence the ability to perform the role of a (")helper(") (Bride, Robinson, Yegidis, (&) Figley, 2004; Figley, 1995; McCann (&) Pearlman, 1990; McHolm, 2006; Pearlman (&) Saakvitne, 1995; Stamm, 1995). To measure compassion fatigue, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (Stamm, 2005, 2010) has emerged as the most widely used assessment of compassion fatigue. However, not enough theoretical information and psychometric data on the ProQOL exist to support compassion fatigue as the construct to explain the experiences of those in helping professions. The present study examines the most widely used measure of compassion fatigue, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-5; Stamm, 2010). Specifically, the current study examines the factor validity of the ProQOL-5 using confirmatory factor analysis. In light of the lack of model fit, the construct of compassion fatigue offers a unique and worthy view of the negative consequences of helping others. As a result, the current study proposes a novel approach to clarify a method for measurement and clear-up conceptual overlaps between related constructs. This novel method uses the framework of the information processing model of Whiting (1969).
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006475, ucf:51434
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006475
- Title
- Combat Related Guilt and the Mechanisms of Intensive Exposure Therapy.
- Creator
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Trachik, Benjamin, Bowers, Clint, Beidel, Deborah, Jentsch, Florian, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in military populations, and is associated with significant medical costs. Due to these high costs and corresponding health infrastructure required to meet the needs of military service personnel, it is essential that the most effective and efficient treatments be implemented. Exposure therapy (EXP) is one of the most widely used and empirically supported treatments for PTSD; however, some researchers have questioned its efficacy with...
Show morePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in military populations, and is associated with significant medical costs. Due to these high costs and corresponding health infrastructure required to meet the needs of military service personnel, it is essential that the most effective and efficient treatments be implemented. Exposure therapy (EXP) is one of the most widely used and empirically supported treatments for PTSD; however, some researchers have questioned its efficacy with specific populations and in targeting specific symptoms. One such symptom, guilt, has garnered increased attention in the PTSD treatment literature, as it is associated with worse symptomatology and outcomes. The current study examined cognitive changes in guilt in response to Intensive (3-week) and standard (17-week) Trauma Management Therapy (TMT) and the impact of these cognitions on the mechanisms underlying TMT treatment. Sample size for these analyses varied by the measure being considered. 102 individuals completed the PCL-M, 42 individuals completed the TRGI, and 39 individuals completed the CAPS supplemental guilt items. Results suggest that a secondary benefit in guilt symptoms is achieved by targeting anxious-related distress with exposure therapy. Furthermore, in this sample guilt did not seem to inhibit the mechanisms or effectiveness of exposure therapy.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006510, ucf:51365
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006510
- Title
- Subjective-Objective Discrepancies Among Patients with Sleep Complaints in the Patient-Centered Medical Home.
- Creator
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Dotson, Keri, Dunn, Michael, Cassisi, Jeffrey, Bowers, Clint, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Sleep misperception (-) the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep (-) has been shown to be prevalent among patients with insomnia and may be a promising target for sleep intervention. This study examined sleep misperception in a diverse outpatient medical sample using consumer-grade wearable actigraphs (i.e., Fitbit Charge HR(TM)). Forty-four self-identified problem sleepers aged 20 to 79 participated in the study. Participants completed sleep diaries for one week...
Show moreSleep misperception (-) the discrepancy between objective and subjective measures of sleep (-) has been shown to be prevalent among patients with insomnia and may be a promising target for sleep intervention. This study examined sleep misperception in a diverse outpatient medical sample using consumer-grade wearable actigraphs (i.e., Fitbit Charge HR(TM)). Forty-four self-identified problem sleepers aged 20 to 79 participated in the study. Participants completed sleep diaries for one week while also tracking their sleep using the Fitbit Charge HR(TM). After receiving a personalized sleep report based on these data, participants repeated another week of sleep assessment. Sleep misperception was observed for both total sleep time and sleep onset latency during the first week, such that participants underestimated their total amount of sleep per night and overestimated the amount of time it took them to fall asleep. Pre-post changes in self-reported sleep, mood, and health were examined as a secondary aim in this study. Objectively measured sleep remained relatively unchanged from baseline to follow-up. Despite this lack of change in actual sleep, participants perceived themselves to be sleeping more hours per night, falling asleep more quickly, and sleeping better overall at one-week follow-up. Statistically significant improvements in depression, anxiety, mental health functioning, and insomnia symptom severity were also observed at follow-up. Overall, findings showed that sleep misperception is prevalent among problem sleepers and that sleep discrepancy can be reduced through the use of corrective sleep feedback.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0006976, ucf:51645
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006976
- Title
- Supporting situation awareness through robot-to-human information exchanges under conditions of visuospatial perspective taking.
- Creator
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Phillips, Elizabeth, Jentsch, Florian, Sims, Valerie, Bowers, Clint, Shumaker, Randall, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The future vision of military Soldier(-)robot teams is one in which Soldiers and robots work together to complete separate, but interdependent tasks that advance the goals of the mission. However, in the near term, robots will be limited in their ability to successfully perform tasks without, at least, occasional assistance from their human teammates. A need exists to design, in robots, mechanisms that can support human situation awareness (SA) regarding the operations of the robot, which...
Show moreThe future vision of military Soldier(-)robot teams is one in which Soldiers and robots work together to complete separate, but interdependent tasks that advance the goals of the mission. However, in the near term, robots will be limited in their ability to successfully perform tasks without, at least, occasional assistance from their human teammates. A need exists to design, in robots, mechanisms that can support human situation awareness (SA) regarding the operations of the robot, which humans can use to provide interventions in robot tasks. The purpose of the current study was to test the effects of information exchanges provided by a robot on the development of SA in a human partner, under differing levels of visual perspective taking, and the consequential effects on the quality of human assistance provided to a robot. After data screening, fifty-six male participants ranging in age from 18 to 29 (M= 18.89, SD= 3.412) were included in the analysis of the results. Hierarchical multiple regression and a series of ANOVAs with comparisons between individual within-subjects study conditions were conducted to analyze five Hypotheses. The results of this study revealed that if robots, through robot-to-human information exchanges, can increasingly support a human's understanding of when assistance is needed, humans will be better able to provide that assistance. As opposed to originally hypothesized, this study also showed that fewer instances in which robots share status information with their human counterparts may be more beneficial for supporting awareness, assistance, and dual task performance than more information sharing, by guarding against performance decrements that could be the result of receiving too many robot-to-human information exchanges. It was also thought that anchoring robot-to-human information sharing with spatial information in reference to the human's view of the environment would be most beneficial for supporting awareness regarding the robot and assistance provided to the robot. This notion was not supported. Instead, results suggested that if extra spatial information is added to robot-to-human information exchanges, representing that spatial information in reference to a cardinal, global-relative perspective of the environment may be better for supporting awareness and assistance than representing that information in reference to the human's view of the environment.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006162, ucf:51143
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006162
- Title
- Sleep Disturbances Among Combat Military Veterans: A Comparative Study.
- Creator
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Stout, Jeremy, Beidel, Deborah, Neer, Sandra, Bowers, Clint, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The sleep characteristics of 37 military combat veterans (17 with PTSD and 20 without PTSD) of recent wars were analyzed to determine if combat deployment, with its resultant wartime sleep restriction, may be an alternative explanation for the sleep duration complaints found among combat veterans with PTSD (as determined by PCL-M scores). Participants completed sleep actigraphy and a self-report measure of sleep duration over a 1-week period. Although strongly correlated, a comparison of...
Show moreThe sleep characteristics of 37 military combat veterans (17 with PTSD and 20 without PTSD) of recent wars were analyzed to determine if combat deployment, with its resultant wartime sleep restriction, may be an alternative explanation for the sleep duration complaints found among combat veterans with PTSD (as determined by PCL-M scores). Participants completed sleep actigraphy and a self-report measure of sleep duration over a 1-week period. Although strongly correlated, a comparison of subjective (e.g., self-report) and objective (e.g., actigraphy) sleep duration revealed a significant difference in sleep duration based on method of assessment. With respect to group differences, actigraphy data did not reveal a significant difference in sleep duration based on the presence of PTSD, whereas there was a significant difference based on self-report. Veterans without PTSD self- reported a significantly longer sleep duration than what was recorded by actigraphy; a difference of one hour and 11 minutes (p = 0.000); the difference was one hour and nine minutes. In an effort to determine why veterans without PTSD perceived that they slept longer than they actually did, factors related to sleep quality were examined. The results indicated that measures of hyper arousal (anger, anxiety, nightmares) were significantly correlated with sleep duration, suggesting a pattern of autonomic arousal that is known to interfere with restful sleep. Further research is necessary to determine if the sleep of veteran with PTSD is actually different from that of combat veterans without PTSD, and if such differences are actually amenable to treatment for PTSD.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0006232, ucf:51055
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006232
