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Noninvasive myographical assessments following unaccustomed resistance exercise
Title
Noninvasive myographical assessments following unaccustomed resistance exercise.
Creator
Boone, Carleigh, Fragala, Maren, Hoffman, Jay, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Traditionally, post-exercise muscular alterations have been examined using invasive techniques that lack the ability to single out individual muscle groups. Sonomyography, tensiomyography, and electrical impedance myography allow for noninvasive skeletal muscle assessment. This project aimed to examine changes in muscle contractility and composition that occur in the early stages of recovery following unaccustomed exercise. METHODS: Twenty-one untrained adults (21.9 (&)#177; 1.9 y) performed...
Show moreTraditionally, post-exercise muscular alterations have been examined using invasive techniques that lack the ability to single out individual muscle groups. Sonomyography, tensiomyography, and electrical impedance myography allow for noninvasive skeletal muscle assessment. This project aimed to examine changes in muscle contractility and composition that occur in the early stages of recovery following unaccustomed exercise. METHODS: Twenty-one untrained adults (21.9 (&)#177; 1.9 y) performed exercise (-) 10 (&)#215; 10 maximal eccentric knee extensions (-) with their nondominant leg. For each repetition, participants moved through 90(&)deg; range of motion at 90(&)deg;•s-1 with a passive return to the start position. Each set was separated by 60 seconds of rest. Sonomyography, tensiomyography, electrical impedance myography, and maximal isometric contractions of the knee extensors (RF (&) VL) of both legs were performed before (BL), immediately after (IP), and 24 hours post-exercise (24H). RESULTS: Peak torque and rate of torque development were unaltered in response to the eccentric protocol. Significant limb (&)#215; time interactions were noted for reactance, phase angle, and delay time of the exercised VL, and echo intensity of the exercised RF. Compared to the dominant leg, the nondominant leg displayed significantly greater changes (p (<) 0.05) in VL delay time and RF echo intensity at IP. Following exercise, bilateral alterations were identified for reactance, phase angle, maximal displacement, delay time, contraction velocity, cross-sectional area, and thickness of the RF, as well as resistance, echo intensity, cross-sectional area, and thickness of the VL. No between-sex differences were noted in response to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of performance decrements, sonomyography, tensiomyography, and electrical impedance myography successfully detected acute changes in skeletal muscle composition and function following an acute bout of eccentric exercise in untrained men and women. While the exercised leg exhibited specific responses in delay time and echo intensity, bilateral changes are theorized to have occurred due to contralateral stabilization of the non-exercised leg. The current results suggest that different muscle actions (i.e., eccentric and isometric) promote similar consequences to muscle strength, size, echogenicity, contractility, and bioelectrical properties.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFE0007432, ucf:52731
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007432
Endocrine and Contralateral Muscle Responses to Short-term Unilateral Resistance Training
Title
Endocrine and Contralateral Muscle Responses to Short-term Unilateral Resistance Training.
Creator
Boone, Carleigh, Fragala, Maren, Hoffman, Jay, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term lower body unilateral resistance training on hormonal, muscle morphological, and performance measures in young men. METHODS: Seventeen healthy, untrained young men (Age: 22.8 (&)#177; 3.7 y; BMI: 26.5 (&)#177; 4.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (UT: 22.9 (&)#177; 4.6 y, 25.3 (&)#177; 4.2 kg/m2; CON: 24.0 (&)#177; 4.6 y, 27.7 (&)#177; 5.1 kg/m2). Resistance training consisted of 4 weeks of...
Show morePURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short-term lower body unilateral resistance training on hormonal, muscle morphological, and performance measures in young men. METHODS: Seventeen healthy, untrained young men (Age: 22.8 (&)#177; 3.7 y; BMI: 26.5 (&)#177; 4.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of two groups (UT: 22.9 (&)#177; 4.6 y, 25.3 (&)#177; 4.2 kg/m2; CON: 24.0 (&)#177; 4.6 y, 27.7 (&)#177; 5.1 kg/m2). Resistance training consisted of 4 weeks of unilateral lower body and bilateral upper body exercises on 3 days per week. Each training session entailed unilateral countermovement jumps (3 (&)#215; 8), unilateral leg press (LP), bilateral chest press (CP), unilateral leg extension (LE), and bilateral low row (LR). Strength exercises were performed for 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions; lower body exercises were performed with the dominant leg only. Muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), cross-sectional area (CSA), and echo-intensity (EI) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles of both legs was assessed via ultrasound. Fascicle length (FL) was calculated as [MT / sin(PA)]. Maximal dynamic unilateral LP and LE strength was assessed during one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing; CP and LR 1RM strength was estimated as [repetition weight/(1.0278-0.0278)(reps)]. Maximal isometric knee extensor strength was isolaterally assessed via maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) testing. Mean and peak power output (Watts) was quantified during unilateral countermovement jumps via accelerometry. Fasting concentrations of total testosterone and growth hormone were obtained at baseline (PRE), immediately post (IP), 30-minutes post (30P), and 60-minutes post (60P) during both testing exercise sessions (Pre and Post). Following the 4-week intervention, all participants' maximal dynamic and isometric strength, mean and peak power output, muscle morphology, and hormonal responses were reassessed. Performance, ultrasound, and area under the curve data were analyzed using ANCOVA to observe between-group comparisons while controlling for baseline (PRE) values. Endocrine data were analyzed using a two-way, mixed-factorial repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: Participants in the UT group experienced significant strength improvements of the trained (28 to 150%) and untrained legs (12 to 160%). Training did not elicit significant improvements in maximal isometric strength or power output of the trained or untrained leg. The trained RF experienced significant increases in CSA and MT. The trained VL experienced a significant increase in CSA. Muscle size of the untrained leg was not significantly augmented. Training did not elicit changes in the acute hormonal response to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of unilateral lower body resistance training using the dominant leg appears sufficient to evoke strength gains of both the ipsilateral and contralateral legs. However, meaningful morphological changes were observed in the trained leg only. Differences in acute hormonal responses to resistance exercise did not appear to explain the observed differences. In addition, unilateral lower body resistance training did not appear to augment the acute endocrine response to an acute bout of resistance exercise. Current findings suggest that the cross-educational strength transfer during the early stage of training is attributable to factors other than changes in muscle morphology and circulating hormones.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
CFE0005307, ucf:50538
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005307