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FRAMING RACIAL INEQUALITY: REASSESSING THE EFFECT OF RELIGION ON RACIAL ATTITUDES
Title
FRAMING RACIAL INEQUALITY: REASSESSING THE EFFECT OF RELIGION ON RACIAL ATTITUDES.
Creator
Kaufman II, Jerrold, Carter, J. Scott, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Building on previous work on racial attitudes among the religious, this study reassesses the effects of religion on individuals' beliefs about racial inequality. This study relies on recent developments in the sociology of culture, which conceives of culture as a frame through which individuals interpret the world in which they inhabit (Benford and Snow 2000; Harding 2007; Small 2002, 2004). Religion is held to be an important social institution that provides substance to the frames that...
Show moreBuilding on previous work on racial attitudes among the religious, this study reassesses the effects of religion on individuals' beliefs about racial inequality. This study relies on recent developments in the sociology of culture, which conceives of culture as a frame through which individuals interpret the world in which they inhabit (Benford and Snow 2000; Harding 2007; Small 2002, 2004). Religion is held to be an important social institution that provides substance to the frames that individuals employ for interpreting racial inequality. Two particular developments from this literature inform this study: first, that individuals can employ different, even contradictory, frames simultaneously, and second, that frames are dynamic processes that can change over time. This study utilizes the General Social Survey from 1985 to 2008 and uses a theoretically informed and improved methodology for assessing beliefs about racial inequality. Three conclusions are drawn: 1) religion continues to play a role in shaping individuals' beliefs about racial inequality, 2) it is important to differentiate between "pure" frames and frames that combine different explanations for racial inequality when understanding the role of religion in forming beliefs about black-white inequality, and 3) frames for racial inequality undergo change over time, though the pattern of change depends upon the frame for racial inequality.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0003650, ucf:48842
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003650
Making the Invisible Visible: Exploring the Experiences of Black Male Professionals in Postsecondary Education
Title
Making the Invisible Visible: Exploring the Experiences of Black Male Professionals in Postsecondary Education.
Creator
Turner, Claudine, Grauerholz, Liz, Carter, J. Scott, Carter, Shannon, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
College student development literature discusses the challenges faced by historically under-represented groups in college and the role that university personnel play in retaining students from these groups (Brown 2009; Hairston 2013; Kuh et al 2005). Research reveals that Black male students are retained in greater numbers when connected with Black male professionals who: 1) hold them accountable for their choices; and 2) discuss and demonstrate effective coping techniques to deal with race...
Show moreCollege student development literature discusses the challenges faced by historically under-represented groups in college and the role that university personnel play in retaining students from these groups (Brown 2009; Hairston 2013; Kuh et al 2005). Research reveals that Black male students are retained in greater numbers when connected with Black male professionals who: 1) hold them accountable for their choices; and 2) discuss and demonstrate effective coping techniques to deal with race-based challenges that seem to convey colleges and universities are not the appropriate space for young Black men (Bonner and Bailey 2006; Harper 2012; Wynn 2007; Cuyjet 2006). Research does not address, however, the experiences of the Black male professionals who are encouraged to mentor young Black men toward persistence and graduation. Do these professionals experience racism? How do they make visible these acts or communications as racism? How do they encourage Black male collegians and early professionals to recognize and negotiate racism with dignity, strength, and control? This qualitative inquiry, grounded in symbolic interactionism and critical race theory, expands the literature by revealing that Black male professionals in postsecondary education experience racism in the workplace, but their ways of interpreting and responding to the racist acts and communications differ. ?
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006406, ucf:51447
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006406
The Social Function of For-Profit Higher Education in the United States
Title
The Social Function of For-Profit Higher Education in the United States.
Creator
Baird, Andrew, Carter, J. Scott, Carter, Shannon, Gay, David, Roos, J., University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This study uses the competing Burton Clark's (")Cooling Out Theory(") and Daniel Bell's (")Theory of the Postindustrial Economy(") to examine the function that for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) play in American higher education and how it is different from non-profit traditional colleges and universities (TCUs). This was done through three sections of analysis. The first examined if students who enroll at these FPCUs are less academically prepared than those attending non-profit...
Show moreThis study uses the competing Burton Clark's (")Cooling Out Theory(") and Daniel Bell's (")Theory of the Postindustrial Economy(") to examine the function that for-profit colleges and universities (FPCUs) play in American higher education and how it is different from non-profit traditional colleges and universities (TCUs). This was done through three sections of analysis. The first examined if students who enroll at these FPCUs are less academically prepared than those attending non-profit traditional colleges or universities. The second tested if academic preparedness is associated with postsecondary performance at FPCUs to the same degree it is at TCUs. The final section of analysis looked at FPCU graduates to see if they have different short-term job outcomes when compared to traditional college graduates. This research utilizes The Beginning Postsecondary Survey 2009- a restricted-use longitudinal data set produced by the National Center for Education Statistics that followed 16,700 first-time college enrollees from 2003 until 2009. This data set includes information on student demographics, academic performance, enrollment history, and job outcomes. The results of this study indicated that when compared to traditional college students, FPCU students are less likely to be academically prepared for college and are more frequently characterized by risk factors that previous research has shown makes it less likely they will complete their degree. This research also found that unlike TCUs, high school academic performance is not associated with post-secondary performance or likelihood of degree attainment at FPCUs. Finally, it was observed that FPCU graduates were less likely to have jobs related to their degree and earned less income than TCU graduates, but had about the same degree of job satisfaction.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005761, ucf:50096
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005761
From the Yellow Peril to the Model Minority: An Experimental Survey Examining Racial Attitudes towards Asian Americans
Title
From the Yellow Peril to the Model Minority: An Experimental Survey Examining Racial Attitudes towards Asian Americans.
Creator
Nguyen, Jenny, Carter, J. Scott, Carter, Shannon, Anthony, Amanda, Corra, Mamadi, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Attitudinal research continues to show a more liberal trend in racial attitudes of Whites towards Blacks across a spectrum of issues (i.e. interracial marriage, residential integration, etc.) leading some to believe that we are moving into a post-racial society. However, a growing body of research has brought into question this utopian post-racial assertion. While Whites express support for racial equality in principle, they vehemently oppose race-targeted policies aimed to address racial...
Show moreAttitudinal research continues to show a more liberal trend in racial attitudes of Whites towards Blacks across a spectrum of issues (i.e. interracial marriage, residential integration, etc.) leading some to believe that we are moving into a post-racial society. However, a growing body of research has brought into question this utopian post-racial assertion. While Whites express support for racial equality in principle, they vehemently oppose race-targeted policies aimed to address racial inequality. This principle-policy gap has been consistently associated with persistent racial resentment; thus, contradicting the notion that of a post-racial era. Existing attitudinal research is often limited to the Black-White binary. Asian Americans in particular are often omitted from attitudinal research. Through a group threat framework, which argues that racial resentment occurs when there exists a threat to valued resources, this dissertation research examines racial attitudes towards Asian American in four domains: education, jobs, marriage, and residential integration. Given the stereotype of the model minority and the successes made by many Asian Americans, the project assesses whether there continues to be underlying racial resentment toward Asian Americans by Whites and whether the racial resentment is based in feelings of threat to valued resources. This study utilized an experimental list survey design, which addresses social desirability bias in traditional survey research. Quantitative analyses were conducted from a sample collected at a large public university. Traditional difference-in-means approach along with Ordinary Least Squares Regression were conducted to examine what factor(s) significantly predicted anger towards Asian Americans in these domains. Results suggests that group threat significantly predicted the presence of anger towards Asian Americans in the job domain, but not in the education, marriage, or residential domains. As group threat increased in the job domain, presence of anger also significantly increased. Results suggest that not every domain stimulates feelings of anger towards Asian Americans. Moreover, not every domain evokes feelings of threat to valued resources.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006154, ucf:51130
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006154
Low Income And First Generation Students' Engagement Of Authority Figures
Title
Low Income And First Generation Students' Engagement Of Authority Figures.
Creator
Condon, Josalie, Hinojosa, Melanie, Carter, J. Scott, Armato, Michael, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Background: Numerous studies acknowledged the potential struggles that first generation (FG) and low-income students (LI) face as they attempt to navigate the college degree pipeline. One struggle these students may face is an aversion to engaging authority figures. Unlike their peers, both FG and LI students can come from families with little to no college literacy, and this lack of support, coupled with not seeking out assistance from authority figures on campus, could lead to potential...
Show moreBackground: Numerous studies acknowledged the potential struggles that first generation (FG) and low-income students (LI) face as they attempt to navigate the college degree pipeline. One struggle these students may face is an aversion to engaging authority figures. Unlike their peers, both FG and LI students can come from families with little to no college literacy, and this lack of support, coupled with not seeking out assistance from authority figures on campus, could lead to potential problems. This lack of engagement with authority figures may be related to childhood socialization such as Cultivation of Intellectual Independence (CII). Individuals with high CII have been taught to think and act independently. The purpose of this study is to explore whether either FG or LI's CII assist them in engaging authority figures. Method: This study took data from Wave 1 and 2 of the 2005 National Longitudinal Study of Freshman. NLS sample of 3,924 students was used to measure FG and LI students during their first year of college. In order to accomplish this goal, an OLS regression analysis was run to regress each of the five wave 2 (spring of their first year) engagement questions on the variables: FG, LI, CII scale, Race, Sex, U.S. Born, HS teachers interest, Living on campus, working for pay, and trouble with family. Results: While CII was a significant factor in the engagement of authority figures, as predicted, FG and LI status did not match our predictions. LI students in this analysis were more likely to engage authority figures, instead of less likely, as was predicted, and FG status was not a significant predictor. Conclusion: This study aims to further our understanding of both FG and LI students' engagement of authority figures.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007166, ucf:52243
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007166
College Student Attitudes Towards Free Speech and Expression
Title
College Student Attitudes Towards Free Speech and Expression.
Creator
Oglethorpe, David, Cintron Delgado, Rosa, Preston, Michael, Owens, J. Thomas, Carter, J. Scott, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Throughout its storied history, higher education in the United States has dealt with the challenges of free speech. From Harvard's 1766 'bad butter riot' to hateful speech directed towards students by non-university community members, balancing the need for free speech with maintaining a welcoming and inclusive campus environment stands as an immense test for higher education (Papandrea, 2017). Idealism and ethicality aside, lost in the academic debate over liberty and protections are the...
Show moreThroughout its storied history, higher education in the United States has dealt with the challenges of free speech. From Harvard's 1766 'bad butter riot' to hateful speech directed towards students by non-university community members, balancing the need for free speech with maintaining a welcoming and inclusive campus environment stands as an immense test for higher education (Papandrea, 2017). Idealism and ethicality aside, lost in the academic debate over liberty and protections are the views of those who should best help shine a light on such a divisive issue: students. This dissertation creates a quantitative path to understanding those very viewpoints. Using the theoretical framework of Social Judgment Theory (Sherif (&) Hovland, 1961), the study discerns student attitudes towards free speech by measuring student ego involvement and latitudes of acceptance, non-commitment, and rejection. This study examines one main question: are student attitudes towards the general concept of free speech congruent with their attitudes towards the perceived acceptability of specific types of speech? Results from more than 2,300 participants revealed that while college students generally regard free speech as an extremely important right in higher education, there are still instances of protected free speech that are considered unacceptable. On the topic of partisan politics, respondents identifying as Republican and Democrat were not statistically different in any measure of ego involvement or range of latitudes. Females reported higher ego involvement scores and a much higher propensity to finding certain examples of speech unacceptable, indicating a reduced belief in the importance of free speech.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007068, ucf:52006
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007068
The effect of free primary education programs on marriage for Kenyan women.
Title
The effect of free primary education programs on marriage for Kenyan women.
Creator
Eisele, Joanna, Wright, James, Corzine, Harold, Rivera, Fernando, Carter, J. Scott, Pals, Heili, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This dissertation investigates the effect of education on the chances and age of marriage during the transition from adolescence into young adulthood among Kenyan women age 15-22. Women who receive more education are more likely to delay marriage. The literature suggests that occupation and age at sexual debut are also significantly associated with age of marriage. This study considers how these and other factors may possibly affect the life course of women in Kenya over a period of time and...
Show moreThis dissertation investigates the effect of education on the chances and age of marriage during the transition from adolescence into young adulthood among Kenyan women age 15-22. Women who receive more education are more likely to delay marriage. The literature suggests that occupation and age at sexual debut are also significantly associated with age of marriage. This study considers how these and other factors may possibly affect the life course of women in Kenya over a period of time and increases our understanding of marriage predictors. Data comes from the 2003 and 2008 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys. Binary logistic and OLS regression models are used to analyze and compare the data. The results imply that while education has a statistically significant and strong positive effect on a woman's marital status as well as age of marriage, the effect of education on age of marriage has not changed since the introduction of Kenya's free primary education program.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
CFE0005486, ucf:50349
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005486