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Development of scale factors for clarifier design based on batch settling data
Title
Development of scale factors for clarifier design based on batch settling data.
Creator
Anderson, Robert K, Dietz, John D., Engineering
Abstract / Description
University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; Traditionally, batch settling tests have been employed to determine the values of the settling parameters V0 and K of the Vesilind equation which represents activated sludge settling velocity as a function of solids concentration. It remains unresolved how closely batch settling tests describe settling in full-scale clarifiers. An experimental procedure was developed to determine scale factors between batch settling and full-scale...
Show moreUniversity of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; Traditionally, batch settling tests have been employed to determine the values of the settling parameters V0 and K of the Vesilind equation which represents activated sludge settling velocity as a function of solids concentration. It remains unresolved how closely batch settling tests describe settling in full-scale clarifiers. An experimental procedure was developed to determine scale factors between batch settling and full-scale solids flux curves. An experimental protocol was determined for full-scale clarifier operation, including specific criteria of necessary instrumentation and operational flexibility. Several graphical techniques were evaluated and a procedure was selected to determine a scale factor between batch and full-scale settling. The specified procedure requires determination of underflow velocity and concentration. The scale factor was approximately 0.84 as applied to the limiting flux, thus clarifiers designed from batch settling tests would be underdesigned. In addition, a methodology was developed to account for batch flux curve variability in the form of a safety factor. Finally, a design procedure was recommended to calculate clarifier area based on the scale factor determined from the batch and full-scale experiments.
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Date Issued
1989
Identifier
CFR0011927, ucf:53122
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0011927
Consumption and loss of formaldehyde in electroless copper plating
Title
Consumption and loss of formaldehyde in electroless copper plating.
Creator
Sutch, Peter John F., Dietz, John D., Engineering
Abstract / Description
University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; The objectives of this research were to quantify formaldehyde consumption due to plating and parasitic reactions and determine the magnitude and distribution of formaldehyde losses from the electroless copper plating process. Plating and rinse bath samples obtained from three electroless copper plating operations were analyzed for formaldehyde and copper in order to develop a mass balance analysis about the plating bath for periods...
Show moreUniversity of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; The objectives of this research were to quantify formaldehyde consumption due to plating and parasitic reactions and determine the magnitude and distribution of formaldehyde losses from the electroless copper plating process. Plating and rinse bath samples obtained from three electroless copper plating operations were analyzed for formaldehyde and copper in order to develop a mass balance analysis about the plating bath for periods of active production and no production. Fugitive air and stack releases of formaldehyde were estimated using emission factors developed from air sampling at the three facilities. It was determined that approximately 90% of the formaldehyde added to the plating process was consumed by some type of chemical reaction. The remaining 10% of formaldehyde represents losses from the plating operation. For the facilities with a waste plating solution stream, atmospheric losses accounted for approximately 25% of the total losses. The mass of fugitive air formaldehyde measured approximately 2.8 times that escaping through the stack. Dragout accounted for approximately 2.3% of the losses with the remaining going to the waste stream. For the facility without a plating solution waste stream, formaldehyde losses were distributed 59% to atmospheric releases and 41% to the rinse tank. Fugitive and stack releases were approximately the same at 29% of the formaldehyde losses. Formaldehyde consumption due to parasitic reactions for periods of active plating and no plating were determined for two facilities. The rate of parasitic consumption during periods of production was found to be approximately 3 times greater than that for no production. The rate of parasitic consumption was observed to increase with increasing bath temperature.
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Date Issued
1993
Identifier
CFR0011932, ucf:53116
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0011932