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(1 - 9 of 9)
- Title
- Thermal and Waveguide Optimization of Broad Area Quantum Cascade Laser Performance.
- Creator
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Suttinger, Matthew, Lyakh, Arkadiy, Bass, Michael, Vodopyanov, Konstantin, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Quantum Cascade Lasers are a novel source of coherent infrared light, unique in their tunability over the mid-infrared and terahertz range of frequencies. Advances in bandgap engineering and semiconductor processing techniques in recent years have led to the development of highly efficient quantum cascade lasers capable of room temperature operation. Recent work has demonstrated power scaling with broad area quantum cascade lasers by increasing active region width beyond the standard ~10 ?m....
Show moreQuantum Cascade Lasers are a novel source of coherent infrared light, unique in their tunability over the mid-infrared and terahertz range of frequencies. Advances in bandgap engineering and semiconductor processing techniques in recent years have led to the development of highly efficient quantum cascade lasers capable of room temperature operation. Recent work has demonstrated power scaling with broad area quantum cascade lasers by increasing active region width beyond the standard ~10 ?m. Taking into account thermal effects caused by driving a device with electrical power, an experimentally fitted model is developed to predict the optical power output in both pulsed and continuous operation with varying device geometry and minor changes to quantum cascade laser active region design. The effects of the characteristic temperatures of threshold current density and slope efficiency, active region geometry, and doping, on output power are studied in the model. The model is then used to refine the active region design for increased power out in continuous operation for a broad area design. Upon testing the new design, new thermal effects on rollover current density are observed. The model is then refined to reflect the new findings and more accurately predict output power characteristics.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0007296, ucf:52174
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007296
- Title
- Far-infrared bands in plasmonic metal-insulator-metal absorbers optimized for long wave infrared.
- Creator
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Evans, Rachel, Peale, Robert, Ishigami, Masahiro, Lyakh, Arkadiy, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Metal(-)insulator(-)metal (MIM) resonant absorbers comprise a conducting ground plane, a thin dielectric, and thin separated metal top-surface structures. Long-wave infrared (LWIR) fundamental absorptions are experimentally shown to be optimized for a ratio of dielectric thickness to top-structure dimension t/l (>) 0.08. The fundamental resonance wavelength is predicted by different analytic standing-wave theories to be ~2nl, where n is the dielectric refractive index. Thus, for the...
Show moreMetal(-)insulator(-)metal (MIM) resonant absorbers comprise a conducting ground plane, a thin dielectric, and thin separated metal top-surface structures. Long-wave infrared (LWIR) fundamental absorptions are experimentally shown to be optimized for a ratio of dielectric thickness to top-structure dimension t/l (>) 0.08. The fundamental resonance wavelength is predicted by different analytic standing-wave theories to be ~2nl, where n is the dielectric refractive index. Thus, for the dielectrics SiO2, AlN, and TiO2, l values of a few microns give fundamentals in the 8-12 micron LWIR wavelength region. Agreement of observed fundamental resonance wavelength with theory is better for t/l (>) ~0.2. Harmonics at shorter wavelengths are always observed, but we show that there are additional resonances in the far-infrared 20-50 micron wavelength range, well beyond the predicted fundamental. These appear to be due to dispersion. They may impact selectivity in spectral sensing applications.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007176, ucf:52267
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007176
- Title
- Cryogenic performance projections for ultra-small oxide-free vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
- Creator
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Bayat, Mina, Deppe, Dennis, Li, Guifang, Schoenfeld, Winston, Lyakh, Arkadiy, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Small-sized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) may offer very low power consumption along with high reliability for cryogenic data transfer. Cryogenic data transfer has application in supercomputers and superconducting for efficient computing and also focal plane array cameras operating at 77 K, and at the lower temperature of 4 K for data extraction from superconducting circuits. A theoretical analysis is presented for 77 K and 4 K operation based on small cavity, oxide-free...
Show moreSmall-sized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) may offer very low power consumption along with high reliability for cryogenic data transfer. Cryogenic data transfer has application in supercomputers and superconducting for efficient computing and also focal plane array cameras operating at 77 K, and at the lower temperature of 4 K for data extraction from superconducting circuits. A theoretical analysis is presented for 77 K and 4 K operation based on small cavity, oxide-free VCSEL sizes of 2 to 6 (&)#181;m, that have been shown to operate efficiently at room temperature. Temperature dependent operation for optimally-designed VCSELs are studied by calculating the response of the laser at 77 K and 4 K to estimate their bias conditions needed to reach modulation speed for cryogenic optical links. The temperature influence is to decrease threshold for reducing temperature, and to increase differential gain for reducing temperature. The two effects predict very low bias currents for small cavity VCSELs to reach needed data speed for cryogenic optical data links. Projections are made for different cavity structures (half-wave cavity and full-wave cavity) shown that half-wave cavity structure has better performance. Changing the number of top-mirror pairs has also been studied to determine how cavity design impacts speed and bit energy. Our design and performance predictions paves the way for realizing highly efficient, ultra-small VCSEL arrays with applications in optical interconnects.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007782, ucf:52330
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007782
- Title
- Room Temperature Operation of Quantum Cascade Lasers Monolithically Integrated Onto a Lattice-Mismatched Substrate.
- Creator
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Go, Rowel, Lyakh, Arkadiy, Delfyett, Peter, Likamwa, Patrick, Wu, Shintson, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The experimental results of a 40-stage indium phosphide (InP) based quantum cascade laser (QCL) grown on a lattice-mismatched gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate with metamorphic buffer (M-buffer) will be discussed. The QCL's strain-balanced active region was composed of Al0.78In0.22As/In0.73Ga0.27As and an 8 (&)#181;m-thick all-InP waveguide. Since the M-buffer was insulating, the wafer was processed into ridge-waveguide chips with lateral current injection scheme. Laser chips with high...
Show moreThe experimental results of a 40-stage indium phosphide (InP) based quantum cascade laser (QCL) grown on a lattice-mismatched gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate with metamorphic buffer (M-buffer) will be discussed. The QCL's strain-balanced active region was composed of Al0.78In0.22As/In0.73Ga0.27As and an 8 (&)#181;m-thick all-InP waveguide. Since the M-buffer was insulating, the wafer was processed into ridge-waveguide chips with lateral current injection scheme. Laser chips with high reflection (HR) coating delivered total peak power in excess of 200 mW at cryogenic temperature (78 K), and lasing was observed up to 230 K. Partial HR coating was then utilized on the front facet to extend lasing range up to 303 K. After 200 minutes of preliminary reliability testing at maximum power, no sign of performance degradation was observed. Initial results of InP-based QCL on germanium-coated silicon substrate with M-buffer will also be covered in this work.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007568, ucf:52564
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007568
- Title
- High Power Continuous Wave Quantum Cascade Lasers With Increased Ridge Width.
- Creator
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Todi, Ankesh, Lyakh, Arkadiy, Huo, Qun, Tetard, Laurene, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Quantum Cascade Lasers have recently gained considerable attention for their capability to emit infrared radiation in a broad infrared spectral region, very compact dimensions, and high optical power/efficiency. Increasing continuous wave optical power is one of the main research directions in the field. A straightforward approach to increasing optical power in the pulsed regime is to increase number of stages in the cascade structure. However, due to a low active region thermal conductivity,...
Show moreQuantum Cascade Lasers have recently gained considerable attention for their capability to emit infrared radiation in a broad infrared spectral region, very compact dimensions, and high optical power/efficiency. Increasing continuous wave optical power is one of the main research directions in the field. A straightforward approach to increasing optical power in the pulsed regime is to increase number of stages in the cascade structure. However, due to a low active region thermal conductivity, the increase in number of stages leads to active region overheating in continuous wave operation. In this work, an alternative approach to power scaling with device dimensions is explored: number of stages is reduced to reduce active region thermal resistance, while active region lateral size is increased for reaching high optical power level. Using this approach, power scaling for active region width increase from 10(&)#181;m to 20(&)#181;m is demonstrated for the first time. An analysis based on a simple semi-empirical model suggests that laser power can be significantly improved by increasing characteristic temperature T0 that describes temperature dependence of laser threshold current density.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0007137, ucf:52299
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007137
- Title
- Third-order optical nonlinearities for integrated microwave photonics applications.
- Creator
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Malinowski, Marcin, Fathpour, Sasan, Delfyett, Peter, Christodoulides, Demetrios, Lyakh, Arkadiy, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The field of integrated photonics aims at compressing large and environmentally-sensitive opticalsystems to micron-sized circuits that can be mass-produced through existing semiconductor fabri-cation facilities. The integration of optical components on single chips is pivotal to the realizationof miniature systems with high degree of complexity. Such novel photonic chips find abundant ap-plications in optical communication, spectroscopy and signal processing. This work concentrateson...
Show moreThe field of integrated photonics aims at compressing large and environmentally-sensitive opticalsystems to micron-sized circuits that can be mass-produced through existing semiconductor fabri-cation facilities. The integration of optical components on single chips is pivotal to the realizationof miniature systems with high degree of complexity. Such novel photonic chips find abundant ap-plications in optical communication, spectroscopy and signal processing. This work concentrateson harnessing nonlinear phenomena to this avail.The first part of this dissertation discusses, both from component and system level, the developmentof a frequency comb source with a semiconductor mode-locked laser at its heart. New nonlinear de-vices for supercontinuum and second-harmonic generations are developed and their performance isassessed inside the system. Theoretical analysis of a hybrid approach with synchronously-pumpedKerr cavity is also provided. The second part of the dissertation investigates stimulated Brillouinscattering (SBS) in integrated photonics. A fully-tensorial open-source numerical tool is developedto study SBS in optical waveguides composed of crystalline materials, particularly silicon. SBS isdemonstrated in an all-silicon optical platform.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007674, ucf:52497
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007674
- Title
- Nanoscale Spectroscopy in Energy and Catalytic Applications.
- Creator
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Ding, Yi, Tetard, Laurene, Challapalli, Suryanarayana, Zhai, Lei, Thomas, Jayan, Lyakh, Arkadiy, Blair, Richard, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Emerging societal challenges such as the need for more sustainable energy and catalysis are requiring more sensitive and versatile measurements at the nanoscale. This is the case in the design and optimization of new materials for energy harvesting (solar cells) and energy storage devices (batteries and capacitors), or for the development of new catalysts for carbon sequestration or other reactions of interest. Hence, the ability to advance spectroscopy with nanoscale spatial resolution and...
Show moreEmerging societal challenges such as the need for more sustainable energy and catalysis are requiring more sensitive and versatile measurements at the nanoscale. This is the case in the design and optimization of new materials for energy harvesting (solar cells) and energy storage devices (batteries and capacitors), or for the development of new catalysts for carbon sequestration or other reactions of interest. Hence, the ability to advance spectroscopy with nanoscale spatial resolution and high sensitivity holds great promises to meet the demands of deeper fundamental understanding to boost the development and deployment of nano-based devices for real applications. In this dissertation, the impact of nanoscale characterization on energy-related and catalytic materials is considered. Firstly an introduction of the current energy and environmental challenges and our motivations are presented. We discuss how revealing nanoscale properties of solar cell active layers and supercapacitor electrodes can greatly benefit the performance of devices, and ponder on the advantages over conventional characterization techniques. Next, we focus on two dimensional materials as promising alternative catalysts to replace conventional noble metals for carbon sequestration and its conversion to added-value products. Defect-laden hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has been identified as a good catalyst candidate for carbon sequestration. Theoretically, defects exhibit favorable properties as reaction sites. However, the detailed mechanism pathways cannot be readily probed experimentally, due to the lack of tools with sufficient sensitivity and time resolution. A comprehensive study of the design and material processes used to introduce defects in h-BN in view of improving the catalytic properties is presented. The processing-structure-property relationships are investigated using a combination of conventional characterization and advanced nanoscale techniques. In addition to identifying favorable conditions for defect creation, we also report on the first signs of local reactions at defect sites obtained with nanoscale spectroscopy. Next, we explore avenues to improve the sensitivity and time-resolution of nanoscale measurements using light-assisted AFM-based nanomechanical spectroscopy. For each configuration, we evaluate the new system by comparing its performance to the commercial capabilities.Lastly, we provide a perspective on the opportunities for state-of-the-art characterization to impact the fields of catalysis and sustainable energy, as well as the urge for highly sensitive functional capabilities and time-resolution for nanoscale studies.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007751, ucf:52387
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007751
- Title
- Novel solid state lasers based on volume Bragg gratings.
- Creator
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Hale, Evan, Glebov, Leonid, Divliansky, Ivan, Schulzgen, Axel, Vodopyanov, Konstantin, Lyakh, Arkadiy, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Since their invention in 1960, lasers have revolutionized modern technology, and tremendous amounts of innovation and development has gone into advancing their properties and efficiencies. This dissertation reports on further innovations by presenting novel solid state laser systems based on the volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) and the newly developed holographic phase mask (HPMs) for brightness enhancement, dual wavelength operation, and mode conversion. First, a new optical element was created...
Show moreSince their invention in 1960, lasers have revolutionized modern technology, and tremendous amounts of innovation and development has gone into advancing their properties and efficiencies. This dissertation reports on further innovations by presenting novel solid state laser systems based on the volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) and the newly developed holographic phase mask (HPMs) for brightness enhancement, dual wavelength operation, and mode conversion. First, a new optical element was created by pairing the HPM with two surface gratings creating an achromatic holographic phase mask. This new optical device successfully performed transverse mode conversion of multiple narrow line laser sources operating from 488 to 1550 nm and a broadband mode locked femtosecond source with no angular tuning. Also, two types of HPMs were tested on high power Yb fiber lasers to demonstrate high energy mode conversion.Secondly, the effects of implementing VBGs for brightness enhancement of passively Q-switched systems with large Fresnel numbers was investigated. Implementing VBGs for angular mode selection allowed for higher pulse energies to be extracted without sacrificing brightness and pulse duration. This technique could potentially be applied to construct compact cavities with 1 cm diameter beams and nearly diffraction limited beam quality.Lastly, a spectral beam combining approach was applied to create Tm3+ and Yb3+ based narrowband dual-wavelength pump sources for terahertz generation, using VBGs as frequency selectors and beam combiners. Comparison of pulse duration and synchronization was done between passive and active Q-switching operation. An experimental set up for THz generation and detection using high sensitive detectors was created, and modeling of terahertz conversion efficiencies were done
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007812, ucf:52333
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007812
- Title
- The Consequences of a Reduced Superlattice Thickness on Quantum Cascade LASER Performance.
- Creator
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Figueiredo, Pedro, Lyakh, Arkadiy, Peale, Robert, Klemm, Richard, Fathpour, Sasan, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Coherent infrared radiation sources are essential for the operability of a wide range of scientific, industrial, military and commercial systems. The importance of the mid-infrared spectral region cannot be understated. Numerous molecules have some vibrational band in this range, allowing for identification of species by means of absorption, emission or some other form of spectroscopy. As such, spectroscopy alone has numerous applications ranging from industrial process control to disease...
Show moreCoherent infrared radiation sources are essential for the operability of a wide range of scientific, industrial, military and commercial systems. The importance of the mid-infrared spectral region cannot be understated. Numerous molecules have some vibrational band in this range, allowing for identification of species by means of absorption, emission or some other form of spectroscopy. As such, spectroscopy alone has numerous applications ranging from industrial process control to disease diagnosis utilizing breath analysis. However, despite the discovery of the LASER in the 60s, to this day the amount of coherent sources in this range is limited. It is for this reason that the quantum cascade laser has gained such momentum over the past 23 years.Quantum Cascade LASERS (QCL) are semiconductor LASERS which are based on the principle of bandgap engineering. This incredible technique is a testament to the technological maturity of the semiconductor industry. It has been demonstrated that by having precise control of individual material composition (band gap control), thicknesses on the order of monolayers, and doping levels for each individual layer in a superlattice, we have unprecedented flexibility in designing a LASER or detector in the infrared. And although the technology has matured since it's discovery, there still remain fundamental limitations on device performance. In particular, active region overheating limits QCL performance in a high duty cycle mode of operation.In this dissertation, along with general discussion on the background of the QCL, we propose a solution of where by limiting the growth of the superlattice to a fraction of typical devices, we allow for reduction of the average superlattice temperature under full operational conditions. The consequences of this reduction are explored in theory, experiment and system level applications.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006592, ucf:51273
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006592
