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- Title
- An Analysis of the Variables in Implementation of the Marzano Causal Teacher Evaluation System in the State of Florida.
- Creator
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Phillips, Matthew, Murray, Barbara, Murray, Kenneth, Baldwin, Lee, Hutchinson, Cynthia, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This was a non-experimental, mixed methods study to research the different ways in which the Marzano casual teacher evaluation system was implemented in 25 school districts in the state of Florida during the 2012-2013 school year. Based on seven implementation variables, the teacher evaluation systems were compared to the implementation model and research-based best practice. The researcher then sought to determine what relationships may or may not exist in teacher performance ratings between...
Show moreThis was a non-experimental, mixed methods study to research the different ways in which the Marzano casual teacher evaluation system was implemented in 25 school districts in the state of Florida during the 2012-2013 school year. Based on seven implementation variables, the teacher evaluation systems were compared to the implementation model and research-based best practice. The researcher then sought to determine what relationships may or may not exist in teacher performance ratings between districts that followed the research-based implementation model and districts that did not. Two stated purposes of the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system were to improve the accuracy of teacher performance ratings and to improve the accuracy of feedback provided to teachers. Variation in implementation may possibly occur among school districts. To date no research has been conducted to analyze how variations in implementation may relate to teacher performance ratings. The purpose of this study was to provide data to support best-practice in the implementation of the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system and to guide instructional leaders on the implementation of this evaluation system. The researcher also sought to ensure the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system provides both accurate teacher feedback and accurate teacher evaluations. Data was collected from the Florida Department of Education published reports and information. School district implementation plans were gathered from state submitted documentation. Implementation plans were analyzed and read. Data was collected on a data collection sheet and then analyzed in SPSS using a crosstab Chi square test to determine if a statistically significant relationships existed between districts that followed the research-based implementation model and districts that did not. It was determined that implementation of the Marzano causal evaluation system varies widely. In six out of the seven implementation variables, it was determined that there were statistically significant relationships in teacher evaluation scores between districts that followed the research-based implementation variables and districts that did not. Further research should include validity and reliability studies on the Marzano causal evaluation system. Research should continue to analyze different ways in which the Marzano causal evaluation system is implemented, and what relationship there is between implementation and teacher performance ratings. Research should be conducted to analyze the effectiveness of feedback provided to teachers through the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system. This research indicates that the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system should be used following research based best-practice and how it is intended to be used. The research in this study shows that when implementation variables are altered in the Marzano causal teacher evaluation system, teacher performance ratings may become inaccurate. Based on misunderstandings of the Marzano causal evaluation system, it is recommended school leaders receive additional training on the understanding and implementation of the Marzano casual teacher evaluation system.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFE0005399, ucf:50460
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005399
- Title
- Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Immunomodulation by HIV-1 gp41.
- Creator
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Wood, Matthew, Cole, Alexander, Chai, Karl, Teter, Kenneth, Parkinson, Christopher, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Fusion inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to prevent entry of HIV into host cells. Many of the fusion inhibitors being developed, including the drug enfuvirtide (ENF), are peptides designed to mimic, and thereby competitively inhibit, the viral fusion protein gp41. An exception to this is a class of cyclic, cationic, antimicrobial peptides known as ?-defensins, which are produced by many non-human primates and exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral and antibacterial activity....
Show moreFusion inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to prevent entry of HIV into host cells. Many of the fusion inhibitors being developed, including the drug enfuvirtide (ENF), are peptides designed to mimic, and thereby competitively inhibit, the viral fusion protein gp41. An exception to this is a class of cyclic, cationic, antimicrobial peptides known as ?-defensins, which are produced by many non-human primates and exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral and antibacterial activity. Currently, the ?-defensin analog RC-101 is being developed as a microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of HIV-1. Understanding potential RC-101 resistance, and how resistance to other fusion inhibitors affects RC-101 susceptibility, is critical for future development.Partial drug resistance due to genetic variability within HIV-1 presents a major hurdle in microbicide development. Drug-resistance mutations, whether naturally occurring or resulting from selection during treatment, often apply to many drugs in a particular class. Combining different drug classes into a single microbicide should provide greater protection against the growing variability observed in HIV. Our work has identified the beneficial effects of combining the fusion inhibitor RC-101 and the RT inhibitor CSIC to prevent transmission of clinically isolated and drug-resistant HIV-1.Several aspects of HIV-1 virulence and pathogenesis are mediated by the envelope protein gp41. Additionally, peptides derived from the gp41 ectodomain have been shown to induce chemotaxis in monocytes and neutrophils. While this chemotactic activity has been characterized, it is not known how these peptides could be produced under biological conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the epithelial serine protease matriptase efficiently cleaves the gp41 HR1 region at conserved residues into a chemotactic peptide.Here, we present evidence that advances our understanding of resistance to peptide entry inhibitors, reveals a potential benefit to combining specific drugs in an antiviral microbicide, and identifies a pathway by which HIV-1 may generate peptides to exploit host immunity. This work thereby facilitates improved methods in countering drug resistance and the development of new antiviral approaches to prevent HIV-1 transmission. Additionally, we have revealed basic mechanistic evidence that shed light on our current understanding of HIV-1 infection. Specifically, our focus on gp41 provides much needed insight into its role in membrane fusion, drug susceptibility, and modification of host responses.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFE0005560, ucf:50286
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005560
- Title
- Pooling correlation matrices corrected for selection bias: Implications for meta-analysis.
- Creator
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Matthews, Kenneth, Sivo, Stephen, Bai, Haiyan, Hahs-Vaughn, Debbie, Butler, Malcolm, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Selection effects systematically attenuate correlations and must be considered when performing meta-analyses. No research domain is immune to selection effects, evident whenever self-selection or attrition take place. In educational research, selection effects are unavoidable in studies of postsecondary admissions, placement testing, or teacher selection. While methods to correct for selection bias are well documented for univariate meta-analyses, they have gone unexamined in multivariate...
Show moreSelection effects systematically attenuate correlations and must be considered when performing meta-analyses. No research domain is immune to selection effects, evident whenever self-selection or attrition take place. In educational research, selection effects are unavoidable in studies of postsecondary admissions, placement testing, or teacher selection. While methods to correct for selection bias are well documented for univariate meta-analyses, they have gone unexamined in multivariate meta-analyses, which synthesize more than one correlation from each study (i.e., a correlation matrix). Multivariate meta-analyses of correlations provide opportunities to explore complex relationships and correcting for selection effects improves the summary effect estimates. I used Monte Carlo simulations to test two methods of correcting selection effects and evaluate a method for pooling the corrected matrices. First, I examined the performance of Thorndike's corrections (for both explicit and incidental selection) and Lawley's multivariate correction for selection on correlation matrices when explicit selection takes place on a single variable. Simulation conditions included a wide range of selection ratios, samples sizes, and population correlations. The results indicated that univariate and multivariate correction methods perform equivalently. I provide practical guidelines for choosing between the two methods. In a second Monte Carlo simulation, I examined the confidence interval coverage rates of a Robust Variance Estimation (RVE) procedure when it is used to pool correlation matrices corrected for selection effects under a random-effects model. The RVE procedure empirically estimates the standard errors of the corrected correlations and has the advantage of having no distributional assumptions. Simulation conditions included tau-squared ratio, within-study sample size, number of studies, and selection ratio. The results were mixed, with RVE performing well under higher selection ratios and larger unrestricted sample sizes. RVE performed consistently across values of tau-squared. I recommend applications of the results, especially for educational research, and opportunities for future research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007680, ucf:52483
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007680