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- Title
- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SKELETON OF ACROPORA CERVICORNIS.
- Creator
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Masa, Bridget, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This research explores the instantaneous mechanical behavior of the skeleton of the critically endangered staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis. Both bleached and sanded skeletons were used in this experiment. The Raman spectroscopy test showed that there was no significant change in the Raman shift between the three branches tested. The shifts were nearly identical to Raman shifts of calcium carbonate. Vickers hardness test found that 1 Bleached had the average hardness of 3.44 GPa with a...
Show moreThis research explores the instantaneous mechanical behavior of the skeleton of the critically endangered staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis. Both bleached and sanded skeletons were used in this experiment. The Raman spectroscopy test showed that there was no significant change in the Raman shift between the three branches tested. The shifts were nearly identical to Raman shifts of calcium carbonate. Vickers hardness test found that 1 Bleached had the average hardness of 3.44 GPa with a standard deviation of 0.12 GPa. The sanded sample also had a similar value of 3.54 GPa with a standard deviation of 0.13 GPa. Samples from 2 Bleached had a hardness value that was significantly lower at only 2.68 GPa with a standard deviation of 0.37 GPa. The axial compressive stress test determined that the average strength for the bleached samples was 18.98 MPa and for the sanded, 29.16 MPa. This information can be used to assist in the restoration of this species.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000396, ucf:45852
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000396
- Title
- PROCESSING OF CUBIC STABILIZED ZIRCONIA ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES FOR ELECTROLYTE-SUPPORTED SINGLE CELL SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS USING TAPE CASTING.
- Creator
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Coronado Rodriguez, Arturo, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Electrochemical conversion devices are a developing technology that prove to be a viable and more efficient alternative to current environmentally friendly generation devices. As such, constant research has been done in the last few decades to increase their applications and reliability. One of these systems, and the focus of this research, is the single cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). These systems are a developing technology which main caveat is the need of high operating temperatures...
Show moreElectrochemical conversion devices are a developing technology that prove to be a viable and more efficient alternative to current environmentally friendly generation devices. As such, constant research has been done in the last few decades to increase their applications and reliability. One of these systems, and the focus of this research, is the single cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). These systems are a developing technology which main caveat is the need of high operating temperatures and costs. As such, most multidisciplinary research has been focused on researching materials and/or processes that help mitigate the costs or lower the operating temperature. The research presented in this paper focused on the manufacturing of a cubic stabilized zirconia (CSZ) electrolyte thin membrane for a single cell SOFC through tape casting. Thus, the process was divided into slurry preparation, tape casting, further processing, and analysis of samples. First the tape was produced reaching optimal viscosity (between 500 to 6000 cP) and minimizing impurities. Then, the slurry was poured into the doctor's blade with a 200 micrometers gap and allowed to dry. Samples were punched from the green tape with a diameter of 28 inches. Afterwards, these samples were pressed and sintered with a force of 218016 N and temperature of 1550 degrees celsius, respectively. These steps are done to maximize density and grain growth and minimize porosity. Lastly, the tape went further analysis and it was stated that further research should be done to determine this tape viability for stationary SOFC application.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000414, ucf:45838
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000414
- Title
- OPTIMAL SINTERING TEMPERATURE OF CERIA-DOPED SCANDIA STABILIZED ZIRCONIA FOR USE IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS.
- Creator
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Assuncao, Amanda K, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Carbon emissions are known to cause decay of the Ozone layer in addition to creating pollutant, poisonous air. This has become a growing concern among scientists and engineers across the globe; if this issue is not addressed, it is likely that the Earth will suffer catastrophic consequences. One of the main culprits of these harmful carbon emissions is fuel combustion. Between vehicles, power plants, airplanes, and ships, the world consumes an extraordinary amount of oil and fuel which all...
Show moreCarbon emissions are known to cause decay of the Ozone layer in addition to creating pollutant, poisonous air. This has become a growing concern among scientists and engineers across the globe; if this issue is not addressed, it is likely that the Earth will suffer catastrophic consequences. One of the main culprits of these harmful carbon emissions is fuel combustion. Between vehicles, power plants, airplanes, and ships, the world consumes an extraordinary amount of oil and fuel which all contributes to the emissions problem. Therefore, it is crucial to develop alternative energy sources that minimize the impact on the environment. One such technology that is currently being researched, is the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). This is a relatively simple device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy with no harmful emissions. For these devices to work properly, they require an electrolyte material that has high ionic conductivity with good phase stability at a variety of temperatures. The research presented in this study will concentrate intensively on just one of the many candidates for SOFC electrolytes. 1 mol% CeO2 - 10 mol% Sc2O3 - 89 mol% ZrO2 manufactured by Treibacher Industries was analyzed to better understand its sintering properties, phase stability, and molecular structure. Sintering was performed at temperatures ranging from 900oC to 1600oC and the shrinkage, density and porosity were examined for each temperature. Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Powder Diffraction were also conducted for comparison with other known compositions to see if the powder undergoes any phase transitions or instability.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000408, ucf:45894
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000408
- Title
- RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SKELETON OF THE CORAL ACROPORA CERVICORNIS.
- Creator
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Shepard, Zachary C, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Coral reefs are an important element of marine ecosystem that are critical to maintain a healthy environment. Unfortunately, in recent years coral reefs are doing poorly and many in parts of the ocean are simply dying. Therefore, study of coral's structural response to external loads could answer what will happen with their structures, while they exhibit different types of loading. Therefore, the proposition of using in-situ micro-Raman spectroscopy to study skeletons of Acropora cervicornis...
Show moreCoral reefs are an important element of marine ecosystem that are critical to maintain a healthy environment. Unfortunately, in recent years coral reefs are doing poorly and many in parts of the ocean are simply dying. Therefore, study of coral's structural response to external loads could answer what will happen with their structures, while they exhibit different types of loading. Therefore, the proposition of using in-situ micro-Raman spectroscopy to study skeletons of Acropora cervicornis was used. Coral skeleton samples I subjected to mechanical loading studied their vibrational properties by exciting the material with 532nm visible light. A uniaxial compressive load I applied using a MTS universal testing machine and then using the Raman Spectroscopy to study the vibrational response of coral skeletons. Indentations used Vickers Hardness tester and performed 2D mapping of the coral structure around the indentation. If it's expected that as a result of the proposed research the better understanding of structural stability of the Acropora Cervicornis coral skeletons will be achieved.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000398, ucf:45856
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000398
- Title
- METHOD TO DISCRETIZE CONTINUOUS GRADIENT STRUCTURES AND CALCULATE THERMAL RESIDUAL STRESSES WITHIN LAYERED FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CERAMICS.
- Creator
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Neale, Ryan E, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are an advanced class of material which seeks to leverage the strengths of one material to mitigate the weaknesses of another. This allows for operation in extreme environments or conditions where materials properties must change at various locations within a structure. Fabrication of this advanced class of material is limited due to geometric, economic, and material constraints inherent in the various methods. For this reason, a model was developed to...
Show moreFunctionally graded materials (FGMs) are an advanced class of material which seeks to leverage the strengths of one material to mitigate the weaknesses of another. This allows for operation in extreme environments or conditions where materials properties must change at various locations within a structure. Fabrication of this advanced class of material is limited due to geometric, economic, and material constraints inherent in the various methods. For this reason, a model was developed to discretize continuous gradient curves to allow for the use of a step-wise approximations to such gradients. These alternative step-wise gradients would allow for the use of numerous manufacturing techniques which have improved composition control, cost of processing, cost of equipment, and equipment availability. One such technique, tape casting, was explored due to its robustness and ability to create layered ceramics. Since ceramics are inherently brittle materials, they serve to be strengthened by the thermal residual stresses that form in the creation of these step-wise graded composites. With models to calculate these residual stresses and determine step-wise approximations of various compositional gradients, the process of designing these layered ceramics can be significantly improved.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFH2000530, ucf:45633
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000530
- Title
- VIBRATIONAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 10 MOL % SC2O3-1 MOL % CEO2- ZRO2 ELECTROLYTE CERAMICS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS.
- Creator
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Lukich, Svetlana, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are emerging as a potential breakthrough energy conversion technology for clean and efficient production of electricity and heat from hydrogen and hydro-carbon fuels. Sc0.1Ce0.01ZrO2 electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are very promising materials because their high ionic conductivity in the intermediate temperature range 700oC-800oC. The vibration response of cubic and rhombohedral (β) 10 mol%Sc2O3 - 1 mol%CeO2 - ZrO2 (Sc0.1Ce0.01ZrO2 ) both at room...
Show moreSolid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are emerging as a potential breakthrough energy conversion technology for clean and efficient production of electricity and heat from hydrogen and hydro-carbon fuels. Sc0.1Ce0.01ZrO2 electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are very promising materials because their high ionic conductivity in the intermediate temperature range 700oC-800oC. The vibration response of cubic and rhombohedral (β) 10 mol%Sc2O3 - 1 mol%CeO2 - ZrO2 (Sc0.1Ce0.01ZrO2 ) both at room and high-temperatures is reported. The in-situ heating experiments and ex-situ indentation experiments were performed to characterize the vibrational behavior of these important materials. A temperature and stress-assisted phase transition from cubic to rhombohedral phase was detected during in-situ Raman spectroscopy experiments. While heating and indentation experiments performed separately did not cause the transition of the cubic phase into the rhombohedral structure under the performed experimental conditions and only broadened or strained peaks of the cubic phase could be detected, the heating of the indented (strained) surface leaded to the formation of the rhombohedral Sc0.1Ce0.01ZrO2. Both temperature range and strained zone were estimated by in situ heating and 2D mapping, where a formation of rhombohedral or retention of cubic phase has been promoted. The mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, Vickers hardness, indentation fracture resistance, room and high temperature four point bending strength and SEVNB fracture toughness along with the stress strain deformation behavior in compression, of 10 mol% Sc2O3 1 mol % CeO2 - ZrO2 (ScCeZrO2) ceramics have been studied. The chosen composition of the ScCeZrO2 has very high ionic conductivity and, therefore, is very promising oxygen ion conducting electrolyte for the intermediate temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Therefore, its mechanical behavior is of importance and is presented in this study.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- Identifier
- CFE0002914, ucf:52845
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002914
- Title
- EFFECT OF NEUTRON RADIATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF B4C.
- Creator
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Xia, Zichao, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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B4C is an important engineering ceramic used in a number of different applications. One of the promising applications of B4C is in the nuclear industry. B4C has a high neutron absorption cross-section (600 barns) and that is why it can absorb neutrons without forming long lived radio nuclides. As a result, B4C is extensively used as control rods, shielding material and as neutron detectors in nuclear reactors. During the reactor's operation, the B4C undergoes severe neutron radiation and...
Show moreB4C is an important engineering ceramic used in a number of different applications. One of the promising applications of B4C is in the nuclear industry. B4C has a high neutron absorption cross-section (600 barns) and that is why it can absorb neutrons without forming long lived radio nuclides. As a result, B4C is extensively used as control rods, shielding material and as neutron detectors in nuclear reactors. During the reactor's operation, the B4C undergoes severe neutron radiation and defects, such as vacancies and helium bubbles, are generated in the structure. These defects are responsible for the degradation of mechanical performance of B4C and can make this material unsuitable for further exploitation. Therefore, both crystal structure and mechanical properties of B4C were studied before and after radiation, as well as for the case when irradiated by neutrons B4C samples has been annealed in order to heal the defects introduced by the radiation. Fully dense B4C ceramics were produced by hot pressing at 2100ºC, 30MPa, and 45 minutes dwell time. 120 small bars of 22.525mm were machined according to the MOR bar standard. 40 bars after machining were tested as they were, 80 bars were irradiated with neutrons in neutron source for 3.5 months. 40 out of the 80 irradiated bars were annealed at 400ºC for 1 hour with an attempt to heal the defects possibly introduced by the irradiation. 4-point bending strength, SEVNB fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness have been measured on as received B4C, B4C after radiation, and B4C after radiation and annealing. The Weibull parameters were determined for each set of the conditions. The fracture surfaces of the B4C samples before and after radiation as well as after radiation and annealing have also been analyzed using SEM. X-ray diffractometer was used to collect diffraction pattern of the B4C, and Raman spectrometer was used to evaluate the vibrational response of B4C. Thus the effect of neutron radiation and annealing on the mechanical performance and structure of B4C has been analyzed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0003654, ucf:48823
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003654
- Title
- EQUIBIAXIAL FLEXURAL STRENGTH TESTING OF ADVANCE CERAMICS.
- Creator
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Jordan, Ryan T, Orlovskaya, Nina, Kwok, Kawai; Ghosh, Ranajay, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Ceramics are very important materials with many unique properties used in numerous industrial applications. Ceramics could be very hard and very strong in comparison to metals; however, they are very brittle, thus they are prone to instantaneous and catastrophic failure. Therefore, their reliability is compromised and it is very important to have advanced techniques that allow evaluating their mechanical behavior in many unusual stress states. One of such testing methods is biaxial strength...
Show moreCeramics are very important materials with many unique properties used in numerous industrial applications. Ceramics could be very hard and very strong in comparison to metals; however, they are very brittle, thus they are prone to instantaneous and catastrophic failure. Therefore, their reliability is compromised and it is very important to have advanced techniques that allow evaluating their mechanical behavior in many unusual stress states. One of such testing methods is biaxial strength method, that allows to measure properties not only unidirectional, but also in a biaxial way. The research work for this thesis will be built on design and development of ring-on-ring test jigs that will measure a biaxial strength of thin ceramic disks.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000386, ucf:45700
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000386
- Title
- A Framework for Miniaturized Mechanical Characterization of Tensile, Creep, and Fatigue Properties of SLM Alloys.
- Creator
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Torres-Caceres, Jonathan, Orlovskaya, Nina, Xu, Yunjun, Das, Tuhin, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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With the heightened design complexity that may be achieved through additive manufacturing (AM) comes an equally complex set of distinct material characteristics. To properly characterize new materials for use in selective laser melting (SLM), extensive analysis is necessary. Traditional testing techniques, however, can be prohibitive in time and cost incurred. The small punch test (SPT) has been developed for such purposes, where material is scarce or costly. Although lacking standardization,...
Show moreWith the heightened design complexity that may be achieved through additive manufacturing (AM) comes an equally complex set of distinct material characteristics. To properly characterize new materials for use in selective laser melting (SLM), extensive analysis is necessary. Traditional testing techniques, however, can be prohibitive in time and cost incurred. The small punch test (SPT) has been developed for such purposes, where material is scarce or costly. Although lacking standardization, SPT has been successfully employed with various materials to assess material properties such as the yield and ultimate strength and verified by traditional testing results. With the accompaniment of numerical simulations for use in the inverse method and determining correlation factors, several methods exist for equating SPT results with traditional results. There are, however, areas of weakness with SPT which require development, and the solution of the inverse method can be demanding of time and resources. Additionally, the combination of SPT and SLM is relatively unexplored in literature, though studies have shown that SPT is sensitive to the types of structures and unique material characteristics present in SLM components. The present research therefore focuses on developing a framework for characterizing SLM materials via the small punch test. Several types of SLM materials in various orientations and processing states are small punch tested to evaluate the ability of the SPT to track the effects of these as they cause the materials to evolve. A novel cyclic test method is proposed to fill the gap in SPT fatigue testing. Results from these tests are evaluated via numerical modelling using the inverse method solved with the least squares method. Samples were also inspected using digital microscopy to connect fracture morphology to processing parameter variations. A framework is thus presented with which SPT may be utilized to more economically and expeditiously characterize SLM materials.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007109, ucf:51952
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007109
- Title
- Design, Development, and Testing of a Miniature Fixture for Uniaxial Compression of Ceramics Coupled with In-Situ Raman Spectrometer.
- Creator
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Jordan, Ryan, Orlovskaya, Nina, Kwok, Kawai, Ghosh, Ranajay, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This thesis is about the design, development and integration of an in-situ compression stage which interfaces through the Leica optical microscope coupled with a Renishaw InVia micro-Raman spectrometer. This combined compression stage and Raman system will enable structural characterization of ceramics and ceramic composites. The in-situ compression stage incorporates a 440C stainless steel structural components, 6061 aluminum frame, a NEMA 23 stepper motor. Two load screws that allow to...
Show moreThis thesis is about the design, development and integration of an in-situ compression stage which interfaces through the Leica optical microscope coupled with a Renishaw InVia micro-Raman spectrometer. This combined compression stage and Raman system will enable structural characterization of ceramics and ceramic composites. The in-situ compression stage incorporates a 440C stainless steel structural components, 6061 aluminum frame, a NEMA 23 stepper motor. Two load screws that allow to apply compressive loads up to 14,137 N, with negligible off axis loading, achieving target stresses of 500 MPa for samples of up to 6.00 mm in diameter. The system will be used in the future to study the structural changes in ceramics and ceramic composites, as well as to study thermal residual stress redistribution under applied compressive loads. A broad variety of Raman active ceramics, including the traditional structural ceramics 3mol%Y2O3-ZrO2, B4C, SiC, Si3N4, as well as exotic materials such as LaCoO3 and other perovskites will be studied using this system. Calibration of the systems load cell was performed in the configured state using MTS universal testing machines. To ensure residual stresses from mounting the load cell did not invalidate the original calibration, the in-situ compression stage was tested once attached to the Renishaw Raman spectrometer using LaCoO3 ceramic samples. The Raman shift of certain peaks in LaCoO3 was detected indicative of the effect of the applied compressive stress on the ceramics understudy.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007824, ucf:52809
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007824
- Title
- Design and Structural Analysis of Morphing Wings.
- Creator
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Fernandez, Nicholas, Bhattacharya, Samik, Kauffman, Jeffrey L., Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Many natural flyers and marine swimmers can morph their wings during a number of unsteady maneuverings. With such wing morphing they are able to control the unsteady aerodynamic forces. A number of man-made flyers, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and micro air vehicles, fly in comparable Reynolds number range, but they are yet to acquire similar morphing capabilities as natural flyers or swimmers. Moreover, the knowledge of fluid structural interaction (FSI) of such morphing wings is not...
Show moreMany natural flyers and marine swimmers can morph their wings during a number of unsteady maneuverings. With such wing morphing they are able to control the unsteady aerodynamic forces. A number of man-made flyers, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and micro air vehicles, fly in comparable Reynolds number range, but they are yet to acquire similar morphing capabilities as natural flyers or swimmers. Moreover, the knowledge of fluid structural interaction (FSI) of such morphing wings is not well developed. Hence there is a need to investigate the FSI of morphing wings. In this thesis, a morphing wing was designed and its FSI was investigated. The wing was designed with the help of advanced 3D printing and the morphing capabilities utilized servo driven actuators. The design enabled the wing to execute spanwise bending, twisting and combined bending and twisting during a number of unsteady maneuverings. In the present work, the effect of gradual acceleration on the resultant unsteady forcing was investigated. FEA simulations were performed in order to gauge the response of the wing in different scenarios. A flat plate wing was towed in a 6-m-long towing tank and force data was collected using a 6-dof force sensor. With this method of morphing, future experiments can be performed for different unsteady cases. The analysis performed in this thesis will also be helpful in understanding more complex FSI problems applicable to morphing wings.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007802, ucf:52338
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007802
- Title
- Impact of Ionizing Radiation and Electron Injection on Carrier Transport Properties in Narrow and Wide Bandgap Semiconductors.
- Creator
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Lee, Jonathan, Flitsiyan, Elena, Chernyak, Leonid, Peale, Robert, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This study investigated the minority carrier properties of wide and narrow bandgap semiconductors. Included specifically are wide bandgap materials GaN and ?-Ga2O3, and narrow bandgap InAs/GaSb type-II strain-layer superlattice. The importance of minority carrier behavior in bipolar device performance is utmost because it is the limiting component in current conduction. The techniques used to determine minority carrier properties include electron beam induced current (EBIC) and...
Show moreThis study investigated the minority carrier properties of wide and narrow bandgap semiconductors. Included specifically are wide bandgap materials GaN and ?-Ga2O3, and narrow bandgap InAs/GaSb type-II strain-layer superlattice. The importance of minority carrier behavior in bipolar device performance is utmost because it is the limiting component in current conduction. The techniques used to determine minority carrier properties include electron beam induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy. The CL spectroscopy is complemented with time-resolved CL (TRCL) for direct measurement of carrier radiative recombination lifetime. The minority carrier properties and effect of high energy radiation is explored. The GaN TRCL results suggested an activation energy effecting carrier lifetime of about 90 meV which is related to nitrogen vacancies. The effects of 60Co gamma radiation are demonstrated and related to the effects of electron injection in GaN-based devices. The effects of various high energy radiations upon Si-doped ?-Ga2O3 minority carrier diffusion length and radiative lifetime are measured. The non-irradiated sample thermal activation energies found for minority carrier diffusion length were 40.9 meV, related to shallow Si-donors in the material. The CL results demonstrate that the bandgap of 4.9 eV is slightly indirect. The thermal activation energy decreased on 1.5 MeV electron irradiation but increased for 10 MeV proton irradiation. The increase in energy was related to higher order defects and their complexes, and influenced recombination lifetime significantly. Finally, the diffusion length is reported for narrow bandgap InAs/GaSb superlattice structure and the effect of 60Co gamma radiation is demonstrated.In general, the defects introduced by high energy radiations decreased minority carrier diffusion length, except for 60Co gamma on AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices and high-temperature proton irradiated ?-Ga2O3.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007217, ucf:52239
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007217
- Title
- Process-Dependent Microstructure And Severe Plastic Deformation In SiCp Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites.
- Creator
-
Uribe Restrepo, Catalina, Sohn, Yongho, Coffey, Kevin, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Discontinuously reinforced MMCs with optimized microstructure are sought after for exceptional high strain rate behavior. The microstructure evolution of a stir-cast A359 aluminum composite reinforced with 30 vol.% SiCp after isothermal anneal, successive hot-rolling, and high strain rate deformation has been investigated. Quantitative microstructural analysis was carried out for the as-cast, annealed (470(&)deg;C, 538(&)deg;C and 570(&)deg;C) and successively hot rolled specimens (64, 75, 88...
Show moreDiscontinuously reinforced MMCs with optimized microstructure are sought after for exceptional high strain rate behavior. The microstructure evolution of a stir-cast A359 aluminum composite reinforced with 30 vol.% SiCp after isothermal anneal, successive hot-rolling, and high strain rate deformation has been investigated. Quantitative microstructural analysis was carried out for the as-cast, annealed (470(&)deg;C, 538(&)deg;C and 570(&)deg;C) and successively hot rolled specimens (64, 75, 88, and 96% rolling reductions). Selected composites were also examined after high strain rate deformation. X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed for microstructural characterization. The strength and ductility of the A359 Al alloys, and the composite, were greatly influenced by the brittle eutectic silicon phase and its morphology. Lamellar eutectic silicon spheroidized with isothermal anneal and successive hot rolling with a corresponding decrease in hardness. The hot rolling process also considerably decreased the SiC particle size (approximately 20% after 96% reduction) by breaking-up the hard SiC particles. However, this break-up of particles increased the homogeneity of SiCp size distribution. Successive hot rolling also healed voids due to solidification shrinkage, incomplete infiltration of molten Al and defects originating from fractured particles. Four selected specimens of composites were examined after high strain rate deformation. Fractography and metallographic analysis for the craters, voids, and relevant regions affected by the high velocity impact were carried out. The deposition of impact residuals was frequently observed on the exposed fracture surfaces. These residuals were typically observed as (")molten-and-solidified(") as a consequence of excessive heat generated during and after the damage. Particularly in regions of entry and exit of impact, intermixing of residuals and composite constituents were observed, demonstrating that the Al matrix of the composite also had melted.In all samples examined, cracks were observed to propagate through the eutectic Si network while a small number of broken reinforcement particles were observed. A slight variation in failure mechanisms was observed (e.g., radial, fragmentation, petalling) corresponding to the variation in ductility against high strain rate deformation. In selected specimens, parallel sub-cracks at the exit were observed at 45(&)deg; and 30(&)deg;. These sub-cracks were again filled with intermixed constituents from projectile residuals and composites. This observation suggests that the melting of composite constituents that leads to intermixing occured after the crack propagation and other damage.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0004172, ucf:49056
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004172
- Title
- Numerical Simulation of Electrolyte-Supported Planar Button Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.
- Creator
-
Aman, Amjad, Orlovskaya, Nina, Xu, Yunjun, Das, Tuhin, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are fuel cells that operate at high temperatures usually in the range of 600oC to 1000oC and employ solid ceramics as the electrolyte. In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells oxygen ions (O2-) are the ionic charge carriers. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are known for their higher electrical efficiency of about 50-60% [1] compared to other types of fuel cells and are considered very suitable in stationary power generation applications. It is very important to study the effects of different...
Show moreSolid Oxide Fuel Cells are fuel cells that operate at high temperatures usually in the range of 600oC to 1000oC and employ solid ceramics as the electrolyte. In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells oxygen ions (O2-) are the ionic charge carriers. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are known for their higher electrical efficiency of about 50-60% [1] compared to other types of fuel cells and are considered very suitable in stationary power generation applications. It is very important to study the effects of different parameters on the performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and for this purpose the experimental or numerical simulation method can be adopted as the research method of choice. Numerical simulation involves constructing a mathematical model of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and use of specifically designed software programs that allows the user to manipulate the model to evaluate the system performance under various configurations and in real time. A model is only usable when it is validated with experimental results. Once it is validated, numerical simulation can give accurate, consistent and efficient results. Modeling allows testing and development of new materials, fuels, geometries, operating conditions without disrupting the existing system configuration. In addition, it is possible to measure internal variables which are experimentally difficult or impossible to measure and study the effects of different operating parameters on power generated, efficiency, current density, maximum temperatures reached, stresses caused by temperature gradients and effects of thermal expansion for electrolytes, electrodes and interconnects.Since Solid Oxide Fuel Cell simulation involves a large number of parameters and complicated equations, mostly Partial Differential Equations, the situation calls for a sophisticated simulation technique and hence a Finite Element Method (FEM) multiphysics approach will be employed. This can provide three-dimensional localized information inside the fuel cell. For this thesis, COMSOL Multiphysics(&)#174; version 4.2a will be used for simulation purposes because it has a Batteries (&) Fuel Cells module, the ability to incorporate custom Partial Differential Equations and the ability to integrate with and utilize the capabilities of other tools like MATLAB(&)#174;, Pro/Engineer(&)#174;, SolidWorks(&)#174;. Fuel Cells can be modeled at the system or stack or cell or the electrode level. This thesis will study Solid Oxide Fuel Cell modeling at the cell level. Once the model can be validated against experimental data for the cell level, then modeling at higher levels can be accomplished in the future. Here the research focus is on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells that use hydrogen as the fuel. The study focuses on solid oxide fuel cells that use 3-layered, 4-layered and 6-layered electrolytes using pure YSZ or pure SCSZ or a combination of layers of YSZ and SCSZ. A major part of this research will be to compare SOFC performance of the different configurations of these electrolytes. The cathode and anode material used are (La0.6Sr0.4)0.95-0.99Co0.2Fe0.8O3 and Ni-YSZ respectively.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFE0004349, ucf:49431
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004349
- Title
- Enhanced Structure and Crystallinity of Semiconducting Polymer Films Through Electrospray Deposition.
- Creator
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Rodriguez, Johan, Deng, Weiwei, Challapalli, Suryanarayana, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Electrospray atomization is a method that uses electrical stresses as the means of generatingcharged droplets. The fundamental working principles of electrospray have previously been extensivelystudied and demonstrated to have monodisperse droplet size distribution, good stabilityand scalability. Electrospray is a bottom-up deposition method which opens up the possibility of aroll-to-roll compatible process and is functional at regular atmospheric conditions. Due to this setof positive...
Show moreElectrospray atomization is a method that uses electrical stresses as the means of generatingcharged droplets. The fundamental working principles of electrospray have previously been extensivelystudied and demonstrated to have monodisperse droplet size distribution, good stabilityand scalability. Electrospray is a bottom-up deposition method which opens up the possibility of aroll-to-roll compatible process and is functional at regular atmospheric conditions. Due to this setof positive qualities, this atomization method holds promise as a means of solution based materialprocessing that is cost effective and scalable. Conjugated polymers are among the solution processablematerials of most interest, poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) standing out as one of the mostextensively studied. Applications of P3HT as a p-type semiconductor have been demonstrated indevices like organic solar cells, light emitting diodes and transistors. Improvements in the performanceof the mentioned devices have been correlated with a higher degree of crystallinity as wellas the film structure in the case of organic solar cells.The effects of different electrospray process parameters are investigated and various P3HT filmstructures are presented in this study. Electric repulsion present within the droplets in electrosprayand evaporation of the solvent were used to obtain high aspect ratio features on the P3HT films. Aclever design for the electrospray nozzle devised to improve the process stability is presented. Also,the crystallinity of the films was characterized using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD)and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. All results in this study are presented as a comparison tospin coated control process. The GIXRD results suggest that the electrospray process producescrystallites that have an orientation opposite of the orientation observed in the spin coated process.Analysis of the ultraviolet visible spectroscopy absorption spectrum shows a red-shift, signalingan increase in the crystallinity. Lastly, good contact between the deposited P3HT and the substratewas confirmed using conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM).iii
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005879, ucf:50881
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005879
- Title
- ZrB2-SiC BASED ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC COMPOSITES: MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND MEASUREMENT AND DESIGN OF THERMAL RESIDUAL STRESSES FOR HYPERSONIC VEHICLE APPLICATIONS.
- Creator
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Stadelmann, Richard, Orlovskaya, Nina, Kumar, Ranganathan, Raghavan, Seetha, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs), such as ZrB2-based ceramic composites, have been identified as next generation candidate materials for leading edges and nose cones in hypersonic air breathing vehicles. Mechanical performance of ceramic composites play an important role in the ultra-high temperature applications, therefore SiC is added to ZrB2 as a strengthening phase to enhance its mechanical performance. The high melting temperatures of both ZrB2 and SiC, as well as the ability of...
Show moreUltra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs), such as ZrB2-based ceramic composites, have been identified as next generation candidate materials for leading edges and nose cones in hypersonic air breathing vehicles. Mechanical performance of ceramic composites play an important role in the ultra-high temperature applications, therefore SiC is added to ZrB2 as a strengthening phase to enhance its mechanical performance. The high melting temperatures of both ZrB2 and SiC, as well as the ability of SiC to form SiO2 refractory oxide layers upon oxidation make ZrB2-SiC ceramics very suitable for aerospace applications. Thermal residual stresses appearing during processing are unavoidable in sintered ZrB2-SiC ceramic composites. Residual microstresses appear at the microstructural level (intergranular microstresses) or at the crystal structure level (intragranular microstresses). These microstresses are of enormous importance for the failure mechanisms in ZrB2-SiC ceramics, such as ratio of the trans- and intergranular fracture; crack branching or bridging, microcracking, subcritical crack growth and others, as they govern crack propagation(-)induced energy dissipation and affect the toughness and strength of the ceramic material. Therefore, understanding the evolution of residual stress state in processed ZrB2-SiC ceramic composites and accurate measurements of these stresses are of high priority. In the present research the ZrB2-17vol%SiC, ZrB2-32vol%SiC, and ZrB2-45vol%SiC ultra-high temperature particulate ceramic composites were sintered using both Hot Pressing (HP) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) techniques. The mechanical performance of the ZrB2-SiC composites was investigated using 3- and 4-point bending techniques for measurements of instantaneous fracture strength and fracture toughness. Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy was used for measurement of Young's, shear, and bulk moduli as well as Poisson's ratio of the composites. The distribution of thermal residual stresses and the effect of the applied external load on their re-distribution was studied using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Piezospectroscopic coefficients were determined for all compositions of ZrB2-SiC ceramic under study and their experimentally obtained values were compared with the piezospectroscopic coefficients both published in the literature and calculated using theoretical approach. Finally, the novel ZrB2-IrB2-SiC ceramic composites were also produced using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), where IrB2 powder was synthesized using mechanochemical route. It is expected that the IrB2 additive phase might contribute to the improved overall oxidation resistance of ZrB2 based ultra-high temperature ceramic composites.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0006008, ucf:51004
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006008
- Title
- Combustion of 1,3-Butadiene behind Reflected Shocks.
- Creator
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Lopez, Joseph, Vasu Sumathi, Subith, Orlovskaya, Nina, Kassab, Alain, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The chemical kinetics of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-C4H6) are important because 1,3-butadiene is a major intermediate during the combustion of real fuels. However, there is only limited information on the chemical kinetics of 1,3-butadiene combustion, which has applications in several combustion schemes that are currently being developed, including spark-assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition and fuel reformate exhaust gas recirculation.In the present work, the ignition delay times of 1,3...
Show moreThe chemical kinetics of 1,3-butadiene (1,3-C4H6) are important because 1,3-butadiene is a major intermediate during the combustion of real fuels. However, there is only limited information on the chemical kinetics of 1,3-butadiene combustion, which has applications in several combustion schemes that are currently being developed, including spark-assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition and fuel reformate exhaust gas recirculation.In the present work, the ignition delay times of 1,3-butadiene mixtures has been investigated using pressure data. Oxidation of 1,3-butadiene/oxygen mixtures diluted in argon or nitrogen at equivalence ratios (?) of 0.3 behind reflected shock waves has been studied at temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1300K and at pressures ranging from 1 to 2atm. Reaction progress was monitored by recording concentration time-histories of 1,3-butadiene and OH* radical at a location 2cm from the end wall of a 13.4m long shock tube with an inner diameter of 14cm. 1,3-Butadiene concentration time-histories were measured by absorption spectroscopy at 10.5?m from the P14 line of a tunable CO2 gas laser. OH* production was measured by recording emission around 306.5nm with a pre-amplified gallium phosphide detector and a bandpass filter. Ignition delay times were also determined from the OH* concentration time-histories. The measured concentration time-histories and ignition delay times were compared with two chemical kinetics models. The measured time-histories and ignition delay times provide targets for the refinement of chemical kinetic models at the studied conditions.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006618, ucf:51276
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006618
- Title
- A multi-scale approach to study Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: from Mechanical Properties and Crystal Structure of the Cell's Materials to the Development of an Interactive and Interconnected Educational Tool.
- Creator
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Aman, Amjad, Orlovskaya, Nina, Xu, Yunjun, Das, Tuhin, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are energy conversion devices that convert chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. They are known for being fuel-flexible, have minimal harmful emissions, ideal for combined heat and power applications, highly energy-efficient when combined with gas or steam turbines. The current challenges facing the widespread adoption these fuel cells include cost reduction, long-term testing of fully integrated systems, improving the fuel cell stack and system...
Show moreSolid Oxide Fuel Cells are energy conversion devices that convert chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. They are known for being fuel-flexible, have minimal harmful emissions, ideal for combined heat and power applications, highly energy-efficient when combined with gas or steam turbines. The current challenges facing the widespread adoption these fuel cells include cost reduction, long-term testing of fully integrated systems, improving the fuel cell stack and system performance, and studies related to reliability, robustness and durability. The goal of this dissertation is to further the understanding of the mechanical properties and crystal structure of materials used in the cathode and electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells, as well as to report on the development of a supplementary educational tool that could be used in course related to fuel cells. The first part of the dissertation relates to the study of LaCoO3 based perovskites that are used as cathode material in solid oxide fuel cells and in other energy-related applications. In-situ neutron diffraction of LaCoO3 perovskite during uniaxial compression was carried out to study crystal structure evolution and texture development. In this study, LaCoO3 was subjected to two cycles of uniaxial loading and unloading with the maximum stress value being 700-900 MPa. The in-situ neutron diffraction revealed the dynamic crystallographic changes occurring which is responsible for the non-linear ferroelastic deformation and the appearance of hysteresis in LaCoO3. At the end of the first cycle, irreversible strain was observed even after the load was removed, which is caused by non-recoverable domain reorientation and texture development. At the end of the second cycle, however, no irreversible strain was observed as domain reorientation seemed fully recovered. Elastic constants were calculated and Young's modulus was estimated for LaCoO3 single crystals oriented along different crystallographic directions. The high temperature mechanical behavior study of LaCoO3 based perovskites is also of prime importance as solid oxide fuel cells operate at high temperatures. Incidentally, it was observed that as opposed to the behavior of most materials, LaCoO3 exhibits stiffening between 700 oC to 900 oC, with the Young's modulus going from a value of ~76 GPa at room temperature to ~120 GPa at 900 oC. In-situ neutron diffraction, XRD and Raman spectroscopy were used to study structural changes occurring in the material as it was heated. The results from these experiments will be discussed.The next portion of the dissertation will focus on electrolytes. Numerical simulation was carried out in order to predict the non-linear load-stress relationship and estimation of biaxial flexure strength in layered electrolytes, during ring-on-ring mechanical testing.Finally, the development of an interactive and inter-connected educational software is presented that could serve as a supplementary tool to teach fuel cell related topics.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006436, ucf:51467
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006436
- Title
- Carbon nanotube (CNT) metallic composite with focus on processing and the resultant properties.
- Creator
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Billah, Md Muktadir, Chen, Quanfang, Bai, Yuanli, An, Linan, Orlovskaya, Nina, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Metal-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites are the promising advanced materials that are being developed to take the advantage of the exceptional properties of CNTs. Because of the intrinsically strong in-plane atomic SP2 bonding CNTs offer high young's modulus (1.0(-)1.8 TPa), high tensile strength (30(-)200 GPa) and high elongation at break (10(-)30%). The thermal conductivity of individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are about 6000 W/m-K and...
Show moreMetal-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites are the promising advanced materials that are being developed to take the advantage of the exceptional properties of CNTs. Because of the intrinsically strong in-plane atomic SP2 bonding CNTs offer high young's modulus (1.0(-)1.8 TPa), high tensile strength (30(-)200 GPa) and high elongation at break (10(-)30%). The thermal conductivity of individual single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are about 6000 W/m-K and 3000 W/m-K, respectively. Therefore it is expected that by incorporation of CNTs in metal matrices multi-functional composites can be used ideally as thermal interface materials, light-weight high-strength structural materials, electric components, optical devices, electromagnetic absorption materials etc. However, so far results are far from satisfied for CNT composites, mainly due to the fact that there are two main key issues remained without good solutions for CNT composites: the poor uniformity in CNT dispersion and the weak interfacial bonding between CNTs and the matrices. In this study, MWCNTs were functionalized and coated with metals like Cu and Ni by electroless deposition methods prior to their application. Metal coatings result in strong interfacial bonding at CNT-metal interfaces and uniform dispersion. During metal coating processes CNTs are physically separated in electrolyte and after coating they get physically retain the separation by the coated metal layer that they are not allowed to aggregate to form bundles. Moreover, after metal coating, the resultant density of Ni-coated MWCNTs is close to that of molten metal matrix. This prevent separation of CNTs due to buoyancy effects and results in uniform dispersion. Metal coating on CNTs surfaces also allows to form strong interfacial bonding with the metal matrices.SnBi alloy has been identified as novel lead-free thermal interface material (TIM) for electronics packaging. However the thermal conductivity and the mechanical strength of pure SnBi alloy are not sufficient to withstand harsh environment imposed by powder electronics. Therefor how to increase the thermal conductivity and the mechanical strength of SnBi solders becomes important. In this study, MWCNTs have been added into SnBi alloy to form SnBi/CNT composite solders by different material processing methods. First, in sandwich method Cu-coated CNTs were added to the 70Sn-30Bi alloy and mixed mechanically. UTS was increased by 47.6% for 3 wt. % Cu/CNTs addition. Second. Ni-coated CNTs were added by sonication assisted melting method in fabricating 70Sn-30Bi solder. For 3 wt. % Ni-coated MWCNTs, equivalent to 0.6 wt. % pure MWCNTs, UTS and YS were increased by 88.8 % and 112.3% respectively. In addition the thermal conductivity was also increased by more than 70%. Ni-coated CNTs were also added to pure Al by powder metallurgy method. For 7 wt. % Ni/CNTs having diameter 30-50 nm, UTS and YS were increased by 92.7% and 101.6% respectively. For CNTs having diameter 8-15 nm, UTS and YS were increased by 108.9% and 128.2% respectively for 7 wt. % addition. All these results are first time obtained that are much greater than published data on CNT/metal composites. Results discussion and mechanism in reinforcement were also presented.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006567, ucf:51320
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006567
- Title
- Design and modeling of a heat exchanger for porous combustor powered steam generators in automotive industry.
- Creator
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Dasgupta, Apratim, Orlovskaya, Nina, Gou, Jihua, Vasu Sumathi, Subith, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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A major challenge faced by automobile manufacturers is to achieve reduction of particulate emission to acceptable standards, as the emission standards become more and more stringent. One of the ecologically friendly options to reduce emissions is to develop external combustion in a steam engine as a replacement of the internal combustion engine. There are multiple factors, other than pollution that need to be considered for developing a substitute for Internal Combustion Engine, like specific...
Show moreA major challenge faced by automobile manufacturers is to achieve reduction of particulate emission to acceptable standards, as the emission standards become more and more stringent. One of the ecologically friendly options to reduce emissions is to develop external combustion in a steam engine as a replacement of the internal combustion engine. There are multiple factors, other than pollution that need to be considered for developing a substitute for Internal Combustion Engine, like specific power, throttle response, torque speed curve, fuel consumption and refueling infrastructure. External combustion in a steam engine seems to be a bright idea, for a cleaner and more environment friendly alternative to the IC engine that can satisfy the multiple technology requirements mentioned. One way of performing external heterogeneous combustion is to use porous ceramic media, which is a modern and innovative technique, used in many practical applications. The heterogeneous combustion inside ceramic porous media provides numerous advantages, as the ceramic, acts as a regenerator that distributes heat from the flue gases to the upstream reactants, resulting in the extended flammability limits of the reactants. The heat exchanger design is the major challenge in developing an external combustion engine because of the space, such systems consume in an automobile. The goal of the research is to develop a compact and efficient heat exchanger for the application. The proposed research uses natural gas as a fuel that is mixed with air for combustion and the generated flue gases are fed to a heat exchanger to generate superheated system for performing engine work to the vehicle. The performed research is focused on designing and modeling of the boiler heat exchanger section. The justification for selection of working fluid and power plant technology is presented as part of the research, where the proposed system consists of an Air and Flue Gas Path and a Water and Steam Path. Models are developed for coupled thermal and fluid analysis of a heat exchanger, consisting of three sections. The first section converts water to a saturated liquid. The second portion consists of a section where water is converted to saturated steam. The third section is the superheater, where saturated steam is converted to superheated steam. The Finite Element Model is appropriately meshed and boundary conditions set up to solve the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. The k-epsilon model is implemented to take care of turbulence. Analytical calculations following the established codes and standards are also executed to develop the design.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006579, ucf:51308
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006579