Current Search: Adaptive (x)
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Title
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ADAPTIVE EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION FOR DIGITALLY CONTROLLED DC-DC CONVERTERS.
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Creator
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AL-HOOR, WISAM, Batarseh, Issa, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The design optimization of DC-DC converters requires the optimum selection of several parameters to achieve improved efficiency and performance. Some of these parameters are load dependent, line dependent, components dependent, and/or temperature dependent. Designing such parameters for a specific load, input and output, components, and temperature may improve single design point efficiency but will not result in maximum efficiency at different conditions, and will not guarantee improvement...
Show moreThe design optimization of DC-DC converters requires the optimum selection of several parameters to achieve improved efficiency and performance. Some of these parameters are load dependent, line dependent, components dependent, and/or temperature dependent. Designing such parameters for a specific load, input and output, components, and temperature may improve single design point efficiency but will not result in maximum efficiency at different conditions, and will not guarantee improvement at that design point because of the components, temperature, and operating point variations. The ability of digital controllers to perform sophisticated algorithms makes it easy to apply adaptive control, where system parameters can be adaptively adjusted in response to system behavior in order to achieve better performance and stability. The use of adaptive control for power electronics is first applied with the Adaptive Frequency Optimization (AFO) method, which presents an auto-tuning adaptive digital controller with maximum efficiency point tracking to optimize DC-DC converter switching frequency. The AFO controller adjusts the DC-DC converter switching frequency while tracking the converter minimum input power point, under variable operating conditions, to find the optimum switching frequency that will result in minimum total loss and thus the maximum efficiency. Implementing variable switching frequencies in digital controllers introduces two main issues, namely, limit cycle oscillation and system instability. Dynamic Limit Cycle Algorithms (DLCA) is a dynamic technique tailored to improve system stability and to reduce limit cycle oscillation under variable switching frequency operation. The convergence speed and stability of AFO algorithm is further improved by presenting the analysis and design of a digital controller with adaptive auto-tuning algorithm that has a variable step size to track and detect the optimum switching frequency for a DC-DC converter. The Variable-Step-Size (VSS) algorithm is theoretically analyzed and developed based on buck DC-DC converter loss model and directed towered improving the convergence speed and accuracy of AFO adaptive loop by adjusting the converter switching frequency with variable step size. Finally, the efficiency of DC-DC converters is a function of several variables. Optimizing single variable alone may not result in maximum or global efficiency point. The issue of adjusting more than one variable at the same time is addressed by the Multivariable Adaptive digital Controller (MVAC). The MVAC is an adaptive method that continuously adjusts the DC-DC converter switching frequency and dead-time at the same time, while tracking the converter minimum input power, to find the maximum global efficiency point under variable conditions. In this research work, all adaptive methods were discussed, theoretically analyzed and its digital control algorithm along with experimental implementations were presented.
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Date Issued
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2009
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Identifier
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CFE0002838, ucf:48072
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002838
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Title
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NOVEL COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES EMPLOYING OPTIMALLY DERIVED TIME-VARYING CONVERGENCE FACTORS WITH APPLICATIONS IN DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.
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Creator
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Ranganathan, Raghuram, Mikhael, Wasfy, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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In digital signal processing in general, and wireless communications in particular, the increased usage of complex signal representations, and spectrally efficient complex modulation schemes such as QPSK and QAM has necessitated the need for efficient and fast-converging complex digital signal processing techniques. In this research, novel complex adaptive digital signal processing techniques are presented, which derive optimal convergence factors or step sizes for adjusting the adaptive...
Show moreIn digital signal processing in general, and wireless communications in particular, the increased usage of complex signal representations, and spectrally efficient complex modulation schemes such as QPSK and QAM has necessitated the need for efficient and fast-converging complex digital signal processing techniques. In this research, novel complex adaptive digital signal processing techniques are presented, which derive optimal convergence factors or step sizes for adjusting the adaptive system coefficients at each iteration. In addition, the real and imaginary components of the complex signal and complex adaptive filter coefficients are treated as separate entities, and are independently updated. As a result, the developed methods efficiently utilize the degrees of freedom of the adaptive system, thereby exhibiting improved convergence characteristics, even in dynamic environments. In wireless communications, acceptable co-channel, adjacent channel, and image interference rejection is often one of the most critical requirements for a receiver. In this regard, the fixed-point complex Independent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm, called Complex FastICA, has been previously applied to realize digital blind interference suppression in stationary or slow fading environments. However, under dynamic flat fading channel conditions frequently encountered in practice, the performance of the Complex FastICA is significantly degraded. In this dissertation, novel complex block adaptive ICA algorithms employing optimal convergence factors are presented, which exhibit superior convergence speed and accuracy in time-varying flat fading channels, as compared to the Complex FastICA algorithm. The proposed algorithms are called Complex IA-ICA, Complex OBA-ICA, and Complex CBC-ICA. For adaptive filtering applications, the Complex Least Mean Square algorithm (Complex LMS) has been widely used in both block and sequential form, due to its computational simplicity. However, the main drawback of the Complex LMS algorithm is its slow convergence and dependence on the choice of the convergence factor. In this research, novel block and sequential based algorithms for complex adaptive digital filtering are presented, which overcome the inherent limitations of the existing Complex LMS. The block adaptive algorithms are called Complex OBA-LMS and Complex OBAI-LMS, and their sequential versions are named Complex HA-LMS and Complex IA-LMS, respectively. The performance of the developed techniques is tested in various adaptive filtering applications, such as channel estimation, and adaptive beamforming. The combination of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technique is being increasingly employed for broadband wireless systems operating in frequency selective channels. However, MIMO-OFDM systems are extremely sensitive to Intercarrier Interference (ICI), caused by Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) between local oscillators in the transmitter and the receiver. This results in crosstalk between the various OFDM subcarriers resulting in severe deterioration in performance. In order to mitigate this problem, the previously proposed Complex OBA-ICA algorithm is employed to recover user signals in the presence of ICI and channel induced mixing. The effectiveness of the Complex OBA-ICA method in performing ICI mitigation and signal separation is tested for various values of CFO, rate of channel variation, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
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Date Issued
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2008
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Identifier
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CFE0002431, ucf:47765
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002431
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Title
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Structural Inclusion Tools for Theatre Teaching Artists.
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Creator
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Thomas, Leah, Wood, Vandy, Tollefson, Kristina, Martin, Suzanne, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The term (")inclusion(") has been increasing in its use with students of various abilities, specifically students with autism. Creating inclusion work is a growing need within the field of theatre, and a catalyst for this work can be seen through the creation of the Theatre Development Fund's sensory-friendly performances in 2011. These sensory-friendly performances are primarily marketed to families and students who have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, as ASD often creates a...
Show moreThe term (")inclusion(") has been increasing in its use with students of various abilities, specifically students with autism. Creating inclusion work is a growing need within the field of theatre, and a catalyst for this work can be seen through the creation of the Theatre Development Fund's sensory-friendly performances in 2011. These sensory-friendly performances are primarily marketed to families and students who have been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, as ASD often creates a sensory sensitivity to bright lights, sudden movements, or loud sounds. As a theatre practitioner, the guiding question of my research is exploring whether inclusion practices can be enforced beyond the stage and into educational programming for students with ASD? Can inclusion practices strengthen the intuitive skill sets of teaching artists? How can theatre artists seek inclusion training? Can the use of inclusion practices within classroom settings perpetuate consistent work for teaching artists? The goal for my research is to use the fields of education, psychology and theatre to acknowledge and inform the difficulty in defining inclusion and create a supplemental resource for theatre teaching artists to use in practice. My methodology is reflecting on my experiences as a graduate student pursuing the Autism Spectrum Disorders certificate in addition to my MFA in Theatre at the University of Central Florida.
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Date Issued
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2018
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Identifier
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CFE0007108, ucf:51937
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007108
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Title
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Computational imaging systems for high-speed, adaptive sensing applications.
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Creator
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Sun, Yangyang, Pang, Sean, Li, Guifang, Schulzgen, Axel, Pensky, Marianna, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Driven by the advances in signal processing and ubiquitous availability of high-speed low-cost computing resources over the past decade, computational imaging has seen the growing interest. Improvements on spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions have been made with novel designs of imaging systems and optimization methods. However, there are two limitations in computational imaging. 1), Computational imaging requires full knowledge and representation of the imaging system called the...
Show moreDriven by the advances in signal processing and ubiquitous availability of high-speed low-cost computing resources over the past decade, computational imaging has seen the growing interest. Improvements on spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions have been made with novel designs of imaging systems and optimization methods. However, there are two limitations in computational imaging. 1), Computational imaging requires full knowledge and representation of the imaging system called the forward model to reconstruct the object of interest. This limits the applications in the systems with a parameterized unknown forward model such as range imaging systems. 2), the regularization in the optimization process incorporates strong assumptions which may not accurately reflect the a priori distribution of the object. To overcome these limitations, we propose 1) novel optimization frameworks for applying computational imaging on active and passive range imaging systems and achieve 5-10 folds improvement on temporal resolution in various range imaging systems; 2) a data-driven method for estimating the distribution of high dimensional objects and a framework of adaptive sensing for maximum information gain. The adaptive strategy with our proposed method outperforms Gaussian process-based method consistently. The work would potentially benefit high-speed 3D imaging applications such as autonomous driving and adaptive sensing applications such as low-dose adaptive computed tomography(CT).
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Date Issued
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2019
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Identifier
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CFE0007867, ucf:52784
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007867
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Title
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STRESS SHIELDING MINIMIZED IN FEMORAL HIP IMPLANTS: A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OPTIMIZED BY VIRTUAL COMPATIBILITY.
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Creator
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feldt, christian, Chew, Larry, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Bone mechanics and traditional implant materials produce a recurring problem for patients of total hip arthroplasty (THA): the bone is "shielded" from the loading it has become accustomed to over many years of development. Bone adheres to what is called "Wolff's Law", meaning it is an adaptive structure which adjusts its geometry based on the loads experienced over its life. As the new femoral hip implant transmits reduced stresses to the remaining bone, bone tissue atrophies at the interface...
Show moreBone mechanics and traditional implant materials produce a recurring problem for patients of total hip arthroplasty (THA): the bone is "shielded" from the loading it has become accustomed to over many years of development. Bone adheres to what is called "Wolff's Law", meaning it is an adaptive structure which adjusts its geometry based on the loads experienced over its life. As the new femoral hip implant transmits reduced stresses to the remaining bone, bone tissue atrophies at the interface, permitting loosening of the implant, pain, and thereby obliging additional surgery to correct the issue. In the present work, a methodology is endeavored for creating an innovative design for femoral hip implants. The approach uncouples the finite element implant model from the bone model, in order to focus solely on expected behavior within the implant while considering the varying material behavior in unique directions and locations. The implant's internal geometry is optimized in order to better match typical, intact bone conditions. The eventual design reduces extreme changes in stresses within remnant bone such that the implant will remain implanted for greater periods of time without additional surgical attention.
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Date Issued
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2011
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Identifier
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CFE0004051, ucf:52891
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004051
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Title
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A Causal Comparative Analysis of a Computer Adaptive Mathematics Program Using Multilevel Propensity Score Matching.
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Creator
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Seabolt, Justin, Sivo, Stephen, Bai, Haiyan, Swan, Bonnie, Vitale, Thomas, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a computer adaptive mathematics program, i-Ready(&)#174; Mathematics Instruction in Central Florida School District (CFSD) using a variety of quantitative analyses. In particular, students in the fifth grade at CFSD were examined in relation to the gains made on their end-of-year statewide mathematics assessment, known as the Florida Standards Assessment (FSA Math). Per i-Ready(&)#174;, students who use i-Ready(&)#174; Mathematics...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a computer adaptive mathematics program, i-Ready(&)#174; Mathematics Instruction in Central Florida School District (CFSD) using a variety of quantitative analyses. In particular, students in the fifth grade at CFSD were examined in relation to the gains made on their end-of-year statewide mathematics assessment, known as the Florida Standards Assessment (FSA Math). Per i-Ready(&)#174;, students who use i-Ready(&)#174; Mathematics Instruction for a minimum of 45 minutes per subject per week for at least 25 weeks show significantly greater gains than those who do not (Curriculum Associates, 2017b). Therefore, two propensity score matching methods (one considering the multilevel structure of the data) were examined and compared to split students into the following two comparison groups: those who used the program with fidelity and those who did not. Next, a series of multilevel models, using both propensity score matching methods, and dependent t-tests were examined to evaluate the effectiveness of i-Ready(&)#174; Mathematics Instruction. In conclusion, the use of the multilevel propensity score matching technique yielded a better fit for explaining the variation in relation to gains students in the fifth grade made on the FSA Math assessment. Additionally, i-Ready(&)#174; Mathematics Instruction did positively impact fifth grade students in Central Florida School District who used the program with fidelity with relation to their FSA Math score gains, compared to those who did not use the program with fidelity.
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Date Issued
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2018
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Identifier
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CFE0007245, ucf:52210
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007245
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Title
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International Worker Cultural Adaptation: A Qualitative Study.
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Creator
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Romero Valenzuela, Luis, Wang, Youcheng, Dickson, Duncan, Choi, Youngsoo, Rompf, Paul, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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International workers are a vulnerable population within the hospitality industry. Their challenges, and needs have an impact on productivity, loyalty and satisfaction of international workers towards the organizations that employ them. The social and cultural impacts of labor migration are felt in their new environment by both domestic and immigrant populations. It is important to understand international workers' acculturation process in order to provide them with tools necessary to succeed...
Show moreInternational workers are a vulnerable population within the hospitality industry. Their challenges, and needs have an impact on productivity, loyalty and satisfaction of international workers towards the organizations that employ them. The social and cultural impacts of labor migration are felt in their new environment by both domestic and immigrant populations. It is important to understand international workers' acculturation process in order to provide them with tools necessary to succeed; it is also important to create responsible practices that translate into positive migration outcomes for both domestic and foreign populations. This study collected data on the motivations, processes, challenges, and alternatives experienced by international workers when relocating to the United States. It documents the cultural adaptation process followed by international workers laboring in the hospitality industry, and based on the data collected from interviewers' responses, it creates new constructs intended to assist hospitality organizations in their operations. By providing tools to support international workers in the acculturation process, and by providing new understandings of the cultural adaptation process undertaken by international workers when relocating, it is plausible to convert a challenge and limitation into an opportunity for hospitality organizations to create value out of their international human capital.
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Date Issued
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2012
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Identifier
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CFE0004432, ucf:49350
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004432
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Title
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Comparing Types of Adaptive Automation within a Multi-Tasking Environment.
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Creator
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Taylor, Grant, Szalma, James, Hancock, Peter, Mouloua, Mustapha, Reinerman, Lauren, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Throughout the many years of research examining the various effects of automation on operator performance, stress, workload, etc., the focus has traditionally been on the level of automation, and the invocation methods used to alter it. The goal of the current study is to instead examine the utilization of various types of automation with the goal of better meeting the operator's cognitive needs, thus improving their performance, workload, and stress. The task, control of a simulated unmanned...
Show moreThroughout the many years of research examining the various effects of automation on operator performance, stress, workload, etc., the focus has traditionally been on the level of automation, and the invocation methods used to alter it. The goal of the current study is to instead examine the utilization of various types of automation with the goal of better meeting the operator's cognitive needs, thus improving their performance, workload, and stress. The task, control of a simulated unmanned robotic system, is designed to specifically stress the operator's visual perception capabilities to a greater degree. Two types of automation are implemented to support the operator's performance of the task: an auditory beep aid intended to support visual perception resources, and a driving aid automating control of the vehicle's navigation, offloading physical action execution resources. Therefore, a comparison can be made between types of automation intended to specifically support the mental dimension that is under the greatest demand (the auditory beep) against those that do not (the driving automation). An additional evaluation is made to determine the benefit of adaptively adjusting the level of each type of automation based on the current level of task demand, as well as the influence of individual differences in personality.Results indicate that the use of the auditory beep aid does improve performance, but also increases Temporal Demand and Effort. Use of driving automation appears to disengage the operator from the task, eliciting a vigilance response. Adaptively altering the level of automation to meet task demands has a mixed effect on performance and workload (reducing both) when the auditory beep automation is used. However, adaptive driving automation is clearly detrimental, causing an increase in workload while decreasing performance. Higher levels of Neuroticism are related to poorer threat detection performance, but personality differences show no indication of moderating the effects of either of the experimental manipulations. The results of this study show that the type of automation implemented within an environment has a considerable impact on the operator, in terms of performance as well as cognitive/emotional state.
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Date Issued
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2012
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Identifier
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CFE0004340, ucf:49414
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004340
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Title
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Developing Methods for the Estimation of Stature and their Use as a Proxy for Health among the Ancient Chachapoya of Peru.
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Creator
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Anzellini, Armando, Toyne, J. Marla, Schultz, John, Starbuck, John, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Population mean stature and patterns of health are often linked in anthropological studies, yet few studies control for the multifactorial nature of achieving adult standing height. This thesis explores the intersection of health and stature by analyzing the skeletal remains of 161 adult individuals from the archaeological site of Kuelap, in the eastern slopes of the northern Peruvian Andes, and also tests current biometric methods for estimating stature from skeletal remains. This Chachapoya...
Show morePopulation mean stature and patterns of health are often linked in anthropological studies, yet few studies control for the multifactorial nature of achieving adult standing height. This thesis explores the intersection of health and stature by analyzing the skeletal remains of 161 adult individuals from the archaeological site of Kuelap, in the eastern slopes of the northern Peruvian Andes, and also tests current biometric methods for estimating stature from skeletal remains. This Chachapoya site dates to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 900 (-) 1470) and Late Horizon (AD 1470 (-) 1536) and resides in the high altitude sub-tropical forests of the Andes. An anatomical method of stature estimation was applied to a subsample of 36 individuals and linear regression formulae were created, proving especially effective for the tibia and calcaneus in this sample. These new formulae produced more accurate results, regardless of sex, when compared to traditional estimates and suggest that sexually specific formulae are not necessary in studies of stature. However, sexual dimorphism in skeletal elements did produce an effective method of sex determination from individual appendicular elements and was tested successfully on commingled remains. This investigation produced valuable formulae for estimating both sex and stature from isolated remains in the Chachapoyas region. The results established that interregional variance in stature is consistent, but mean stature is strongly affected by environmental pressures. This study highlights the ineffectiveness of using stature to assess the relative health of geographically distinct populations, but demonstrates the possibility of culturally specific health interpretations. The formulae for sex and stature estimation created in this study have provided a glimpse of the intersection between culture, environment, and health in human biological diversity.
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Date Issued
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2016
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Identifier
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CFE0006069, ucf:50958
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006069
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Title
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Cognitive Flexibility: Using Mental Simulation to Improve Script Adaptation.
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Creator
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Rivera, Javier, Jentsch, Florian, Shumaker, Randall, Lackey, Stephanie, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Human behavior and decision-making depend largely on past experiences that generate specific action patterns (i.e., scripts, Gioia (&) Manz, 1985) for specific situations. In an ideal world, in which changes in the environment do not conflict with these action patterns, humans would be able to operate consistently, efficiently, and automatically. However, real-world environments are dynamic and fluid, thus altering behavior and forcing changes in scripts. Research suggests that to implement...
Show moreHuman behavior and decision-making depend largely on past experiences that generate specific action patterns (i.e., scripts, Gioia (&) Manz, 1985) for specific situations. In an ideal world, in which changes in the environment do not conflict with these action patterns, humans would be able to operate consistently, efficiently, and automatically. However, real-world environments are dynamic and fluid, thus altering behavior and forcing changes in scripts. Research suggests that to implement alternate solutions to changing situations, humans select from a (")library(") of learned scripts. Since humans tend to implement scripts to the degree that these are successful over a period of time, implementing alternate scripts can be difficult. That is, unless one has the cognitive flexibility to adapt scripts, implementing a new solution to a problem can be difficult and/or unsuccessful. Cognitive flexibility allows one to restructure knowledge to form an adaptive response to changes set forth by the environment. At issue is the difference between possessing a repertoire of scripts that can be selected and implemented to solve a problem, and having the cognitive flexibility to effectively switch between scripts when a change in context occurs. The purpose of this dissertation is to: (a) evaluate the effectiveness of possessing alternate scripts to respond to situations, and (b) assess the effectiveness of cognitive flexibility training on the ability to switch between scripts. The ultimate goal is to improve mental flexibility in situations where a specific approach should be revised and adjusted to conform to changes in context. A total of 48 participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 (number of scripts) x 2 (training present or absent) design: (a) single script, (b) single script and cognitive flexibility training, (c) two scripts, and (d) two scripts and cognitive flexibility training. Participants either learned one script or two scripts on how to respond to a car engine overheat. In addition, depending on the study condition, participants completed a cognitive flexibility training that used a mental simulation approach. The cognitive flexibility training was intended to allow participants to imagine a number of different scenarios that may impact that task, evaluate assumptions, check assumptions against the situation, imagine a response to such scenarios, and review the effectiveness of the developed solutions. The results of this research suggested that for situations requiring a change or an adaptation to an alternate script, possessing two scripts facilitated correct decision-making, whereas cognitive flexibility training may have hindered decision-making. In addition, for situations requiring a standard script, possessing two scripts was detrimental to decision-making performance, regardless of cognitive flexibility training. Theoretical implications in terms of script-processing and cognitive flexibility, as well as practical implications for training design are provided.
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Date Issued
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2016
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Identifier
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CFE0006381, ucf:51528
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006381
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Title
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Post Conversion Correction of Non-Linear Mismatches for Time Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters.
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Creator
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Parkey, Charna, Mikhael, Wasfy, Qu, Zhihua, Georgiopoulos, Michael, Myers, Brent, Wei, Lei, Chester, David, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Time Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (TI-ADCs) utilize an architecture which enables conversion rates well beyond the capabilities of a single converter while preserving most or all of the other performance characteristics of the converters on which said architecture is based. Most of the approaches discussed here are independent of architecture; some solutions take advantage of specific architectures. Chapter 1 provides the problem formulation and reviews the errors found in ADCs as...
Show moreTime Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (TI-ADCs) utilize an architecture which enables conversion rates well beyond the capabilities of a single converter while preserving most or all of the other performance characteristics of the converters on which said architecture is based. Most of the approaches discussed here are independent of architecture; some solutions take advantage of specific architectures. Chapter 1 provides the problem formulation and reviews the errors found in ADCs as well as a brief literature review of available TI-ADC error correction solutions. Chapter 2 presents the methods and materials used in implementation as well as extend the state of the art for post conversion correction. Chapter 3 presents the simulation results of this work and Chapter 4 concludes the work. The contribution of this research is three fold: A new behavioral model was developed in SimulinkTM and MATLABTM to model and test linear and nonlinear mismatch errors emulating the performance data of actual converters. The details of this model are presented as well as the results of cumulant statistical calculations of the mismatch errors which is followed by the detailed explanation and performance evaluation of the extension developed in this research effort. Leading post conversion correction methods are presented and an extension with derivations is presented. It is shown that the data converter subsystem architecture developed is capable of realizing better performance of those currently reported in the literature while having a more efficient implementation.
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Date Issued
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2015
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Identifier
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CFE0005683, ucf:50171
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005683
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Title
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Objectively Defining Scenario Complexity: Towards Automated, Adaptive Scenario-Based Training.
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Creator
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Dunn, Robert, Sivo, Stephen, Hoffman, Bobby, Hartshorne, Richard, Bowers, Clint, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Effective Scenario-Based Training (SBT) is sequenced in an efficient trajectory from novice to mastery and is well-grounded in pedagogically sound instructional strategies and learning theory. Adaptive, automated SBT attempts to sequence scenarios according to the performance of the student and implement the sequence without human agency. The source of these scenarios may take the form of a matrix constructed by Instructional Systems Designers (ISD), software engineers or trainers. The domain...
Show moreEffective Scenario-Based Training (SBT) is sequenced in an efficient trajectory from novice to mastery and is well-grounded in pedagogically sound instructional strategies and learning theory. Adaptive, automated SBT attempts to sequence scenarios according to the performance of the student and implement the sequence without human agency. The source of these scenarios may take the form of a matrix constructed by Instructional Systems Designers (ISD), software engineers or trainers. The domain being instructed may contain procedures or concepts that are easily differentiated thus allowing quick and accurate determination of difficulty. In this instance, the sequencing of the SBT is relatively simple. However, in complex, domain-integrated instructional environments accurate and efficient sequencing may be extremely difficult as ISD, software engineers and trainers, without an objective means to calculate a scenario's complexity must rely on subjectivity. In the Military, where time, fiscal and manpower constraints may lead to ineffective, inefficient and, perhaps, negative training SBT is a growing alternative to live training due to the significant cost avoidance demonstrated by such systems as the United States Marine Corps' (USMC) Abrams Main Battle Tank (M1A1) Advanced Gunnery Training System (AGTS). Even as the practice of simulation training grows, leadership such as the Government Accountability Office asserts that little has been done to demonstrate simulator impact on trainee proficiency. The M1A1 AGTS instructional sub system, the Improved Crew Training Program (ICTP), employs an automated matrix intended to increase Tank Commander (TC) and Gunner (GNR) team proficiency. This matrix is intended to guide the team along a trajectory of ever-increasing scenario difficulty. However, as designed, the sequencing of the matrix is based on subjective evaluation of difficulty, not on empirical or objective calculations of complexity. Without effective, automated SBT that adapts to the performance of the trainee, gaps in combat readiness and fiscal responsibility could grow large.In 2010, the author developed an algorithm intended to computationally define scenario complexity (Dunne, Schatz, Fiore, Martin (&) Nicholson, 2010) and conducted a proof of concept study to determine the algorithm's effectiveness (Dunne, Schatz, Fiore, Nicholson (&) Fowlkes, 2010). Based on results of that study, and follow-on analysis, revisions were made to that Scenario Complexity (SC) algorithm. The purpose of this research was to examine the efficacy of the revised SC algorithm to enable Educators and Trainers, ISDs, and software engineers to objectively and computationally define SC. The research process included a period of instruction for Subject Matter Experts (SME) to receive instruction on how to identify the base variables that comprise SC. Using this knowledge SMEs then determined the values of the scenarios base variables. Once calculated, these values were ranked and compared to the ICTP matrix sequence.Results indicate that the SMEs were very consistent in their ratings of the items across scenario base variables. Due to the highly proceduralized process underlying advanced gunnery skills, this high degree of agreement was expected. However, the significant lack of correlation to the matrix sequencing is alarming and while a recent study has shown the AGTS to increase TC and GNR team proficiency (PM TRASYS, 2014a), this research's findings suggests that redesign of the ICTP matrix is in order.
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Date Issued
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2014
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Identifier
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CFE0005789, ucf:50062
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005789
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Title
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Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Adaptive Evolution During Invasion: Testing Range-Limit Theory with the Asian Tiger Mosquito.
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Creator
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Medley, Kimberly, Jenkins, David, Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro, Hoffman, Eric, Lounibos, Phil, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Understanding the factors that make non-native species successful invaders is an important step towards mitigating spread. At the same time, species invasions can serve as natural experiments to test range-limit theory. Range-limit theory postulates declines in local abundance (abundant center model) and genetic diversity (central-peripheral hypothesis) towards range edges because of underlying environmental gradients. Such declines constrain adaptation to marginal habitats via gene swamping....
Show moreUnderstanding the factors that make non-native species successful invaders is an important step towards mitigating spread. At the same time, species invasions can serve as natural experiments to test range-limit theory. Range-limit theory postulates declines in local abundance (abundant center model) and genetic diversity (central-peripheral hypothesis) towards range edges because of underlying environmental gradients. Such declines constrain adaptation to marginal habitats via gene swamping. However, broader evolutionary theory predicts intermediate rates of immigration into range-edge populations can relieve genetic drift and improve adaptive potential. I tested hypotheses generated from theory while illuminating aspects affecting of the invasion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus Skuse) into the US. Using reciprocal distribution modeling, I found US populations occupied significantly different climate and habitat than in their native range (SE Asia). Most inconsistencies were found in the northern US range, where Ae. albopictus has recently crept northward, providing an opportunity to test range-limit theory as the range reaches its limit. Because of its limited natural dispersal ability, rapid spread after the 1985 US introduction pointed to human-aided dispersal. I tested the current role of human-aided versus natural dispersal using a landscape genetics framework, and found that natural dispersal dominated current patterns. Some distant localities were highly genetically similar, indicating potential human-aided transport in limited cases. Asymmetric gene flow from core to edge localities supported the abundant center model, but uniformly high genetic diversity contrasted with the central-marginal hypothesis. I detected a significant signature of local adaptation by overwintering diapause-induced eggs in multiple field sites using reciprocal transplants. Surprisingly, most genotypes from throughout the range produced large offspring when overwintered at the range edge. Relative offspring mass between home and away winters peaked at an intermediate immigration rate. These results show that rapid adaptation has occurred in US populations of Ae. albopictus and highlight the potential for further spread. Genetic admixture from multiple introductions may explain high genetic diversity throughout the US range and contribute to high offspring size for all genotypes overwintered at the range edge. Finally, my work highlights the need for a better understanding of contemporary ecological and evolutionary processes leading to range-limits (or expansion) to more accurately reflect processes occurring in a human-dominated world.
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Date Issued
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2012
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Identifier
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CFE0004635, ucf:49891
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004635
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Title
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Lyapunov-Based Robust and Adaptive Control Design for nonlinear Uncertain Systems.
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Creator
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Zhang, Kun, Behal, Aman, Haralambous, Michael, Xu, Yunjun, Boloni, Ladislau, Marzocca, Piergiovanni, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The control of systems with uncertain nonlinear dynamics is an important field of control scienceattracting decades of focus. In this dissertation, four different control strategies are presentedusing sliding mode control, adaptive control, dynamic compensation, and neural network for a nonlinear aeroelastic system with bounded uncertainties and external disturbance. In Chapter 2, partial state feedback adaptive control designs are proposed for two different aeroelastic systems operating in...
Show moreThe control of systems with uncertain nonlinear dynamics is an important field of control scienceattracting decades of focus. In this dissertation, four different control strategies are presentedusing sliding mode control, adaptive control, dynamic compensation, and neural network for a nonlinear aeroelastic system with bounded uncertainties and external disturbance. In Chapter 2, partial state feedback adaptive control designs are proposed for two different aeroelastic systems operating in unsteady flow. In Chapter 3, a continuous robust control design is proposed for a class of single input and single output system with uncertainties. An aeroelastic system with a trailingedge flap as its control input will be considered as the plant for demonstration of effectiveness of the controller. The controller is proved to be robust by both athematical proof and simulation results. In Chapter 3, a robust output feedback control strategy is discussed for the vibration suppression of an aeroelastic system operating in an unsteady incompressible flowfield. The aeroelastic system is actuated using a combination of leading-edge (LE) and trailing-edge (TE) flaps in the presence of different kinds of gust disturbances. In Chapter 5, a neural-network based model-free controller is designed for an aeroelastic system operating at supersonic speed. The controller is shown to be able to effectively asymptotically stabilize the system via both a Lyapunov-based stability proof and numerical simulation results.
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Date Issued
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2015
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Identifier
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CFE0005748, ucf:50110
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005748
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Title
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Identifying Type of Expertise as a Means to Measure CRM Knowledge Structures.
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Creator
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Jimenez, Camilo, Jentsch, Florian, Shumaker, Randall, Burke, Shawn, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Crew Resource Management (CRM) training has evolved since its inception in the 1980s to better accommodate the operational needs of flight crews. However, even as the aviation and research communities have pointed to the potential benefit of providing CRM training, some criticism continues to emerge periodically which claims that there is no concrete evidence of its impact on flight deck performance and safety. Therefore, it is imperative to develop tools that allow researchers and, more...
Show moreCrew Resource Management (CRM) training has evolved since its inception in the 1980s to better accommodate the operational needs of flight crews. However, even as the aviation and research communities have pointed to the potential benefit of providing CRM training, some criticism continues to emerge periodically which claims that there is no concrete evidence of its impact on flight deck performance and safety. Therefore, it is imperative to develop tools that allow researchers and, more importantly, practitioners, to more effectively and objectively assess training effectiveness and identify whether or not desired CRM behaviors are being put to practice during line operations.This study focused on evaluating pilots' CRM schemas and identifying differences in CRM knowledge structures among pilots. Differences in CRM knowledge and opinions about training could be an indication of the existence of what Hatano and Inagaki (1986) have described as two distinct types of expertise, namely, routine and adaptive expertise. The study sought to identify differences among routine and adaptive expert pilots in CRM knowledge structures (schemas), their perceptions on the value and efficacy of current CRM training evaluation, along with their opinion on how CRM training effectiveness could be more accurately assessed. Results from over 250 pilots showed that, in general, participants had a positive view of CRM training and training evaluation, regardless of their type of expertise. Some evidence of potential differences in the structural knowledge of CRM between routine and adaptive experts, as well as, differences in their opinions about CRM training, evaluation, and automation on the flight deck was also identified. Additionally, analysis of survey scores and free response items indicate the existence of a third category of experts, between routine and adaptive expertise (whom I call transitional experts). The study results provide evidence that assessment of CRM schemas could potentially be used as a way to evaluate CRM training effectiveness. The results of the study also indicate that identification of specific training needs for each group of expert may be possible through the assessment of CRM schemas and type of expertise. Implications for practice and theory, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are also provided.
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Date Issued
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2018
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Identifier
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CFE0007200, ucf:52264
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007200
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Title
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Tailoring Instruction to the individual: Investigating the Utility of Trainee Aptitudes for use in Adaptive Training.
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Creator
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Landsberg, Carla, Mouloua, Mustapha, Bowers, Clint, Neider, Mark, Van Buskirk, Wendi, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Computer-based training has become more prolific as the military and private businessenterprises search for more efficient ways to deliver training. However, some methods ofcomputer-based training are not more effective than traditional classroom methods. Onetechnique that may be able to approximate the most effective form of training, one-on-onetutoring, is Adaptive Training (AT). AT techniques use instruction that is tailored to the learnerin some way, and can adjust different training...
Show moreComputer-based training has become more prolific as the military and private businessenterprises search for more efficient ways to deliver training. However, some methods ofcomputer-based training are not more effective than traditional classroom methods. Onetechnique that may be able to approximate the most effective form of training, one-on-onetutoring, is Adaptive Training (AT). AT techniques use instruction that is tailored to the learnerin some way, and can adjust different training parameters such as difficulty, feedback, pace, anddelivery mode.There are many ways to adapt training to the learner, and in this study I exploredadapting the feedback provided to trainees based on spatial ability in line with Cognitive LoadTheory (CLT). In line with the CLT expertise reversal effect literature I hypothesized that for aspatial task, higher ability trainees would perform better when they were given less feedback.Alternately, I hypothesized that lower ability trainees would perform better during training whenthey were given more support via feedback. This study also compared two different adaptationapproaches. The first approach, called the ATI approach, adapts feedback based on a premeasuredability. In this case, it was spatial ability. The second approach, called the Hybridapproach adapts initially based on ability, but then based on performance later in training. Ihypothesized that participants who received Hybrid adaptive training would perform better.The study employed a 2(spatial ability; high, low) X 2(feedback; matched, mismatched)X 2 (approach; ATI, Hybrid) between-subjects design in which participants were randomlyassigned to one of the eight conditions. Ninety-two participants completed a submarine-basedperiscope operator task that was visual and spatial in nature. ivThe results of the study did not support the use of CLT-derived adaptation based onspatial ability; contrary to what was hypothesized, higher ability participants who received morefeedback performed better than those who received less. Similarly, lower ability participantswho received less feedback performed better than those who received more. While notsignificant, results suggested there may be some benefit to using the Hybrid approach, but moreresearch is needed to determine the relative effectiveness of this approach.
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Date Issued
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2015
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Identifier
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CFE0005646, ucf:50191
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005646
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Title
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PREDICTING COMPENSATION AND RECIPROCITY OF BIDS FOR SEXUAL AND/OR ROMANTIC ESCALATION IN CROSS-SEX FRIENDSHIPS.
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Creator
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Akbulut, Valerie, Weger, Harry, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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With more opportunities available to men and women to interact, both professionally and personally (i.e., the workplace, educational setting, community), friendships with members of the opposite sex are becoming more common. Increasingly, researchers have noted that one facet that makes cross-sex friendships unique compared to other types of relationships (i.e. romantic love, same-sex friendships, familial relationships), is that there is the possibility and opportunity for a romantic or...
Show moreWith more opportunities available to men and women to interact, both professionally and personally (i.e., the workplace, educational setting, community), friendships with members of the opposite sex are becoming more common. Increasingly, researchers have noted that one facet that makes cross-sex friendships unique compared to other types of relationships (i.e. romantic love, same-sex friendships, familial relationships), is that there is the possibility and opportunity for a romantic or sexual relationship to manifest. Communication research has yet to investigate how one decides whether to begin a romantic or sexual relationship or choose to remain platonic with their cross-sex friend. Given that cross-sex friendships deal with a lot of ambiguity regarding the nature of the friendship, this researcher sought to uncover what factors determine whether parties reciprocate romantic or sexual interest or opt to remain platonic through the theoretical lens of interaction adaptation theory. Specifically, the researcher sought to determine what expectations and desires predict compensation or reciprocity of romantic or sexual desires. At a large Southeastern university, quantitative data were collected from 307 participants. The results indicated that of the variables, Not Attracted, Incompatibility, and closeness were significant predictors of romantic reciprocation. In the case of 'friends with benefit' relationships, the results indicated that of the variables, Not Attracted, Sexual/Romantic Potential, sex, and sexual attitudes were significant predictors of sexual reciprocity. Further explanations of results, limitations, and future directions for research are discussed.
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Date Issued
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2009
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Identifier
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CFE0002531, ucf:47668
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002531
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Title
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TUNABLE LIQUID CRYSTAL PHOTONIC DEVICES.
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Creator
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Fan, Yun-Hsing, Wu, Shin-Tson, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Liquid crystal (LC)-based adaptive optics are important for information processing, optical interconnections, photonics, integrated optics, and optical communications due to their tunable optical properties. In this dissertation, we describe novel liquid crystal photonic devices and their fabrication methods. The devices presented include inhomogeneous polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), polymer network liquid crystals (PNLC) and phase-separated composite film (PSCOF). Liquid crystal...
Show moreLiquid crystal (LC)-based adaptive optics are important for information processing, optical interconnections, photonics, integrated optics, and optical communications due to their tunable optical properties. In this dissertation, we describe novel liquid crystal photonic devices and their fabrication methods. The devices presented include inhomogeneous polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), polymer network liquid crystals (PNLC) and phase-separated composite film (PSCOF). Liquid crystal/polymer composites could exist in different forms depending on the fabrication conditions. In Chap. 3, we demonstrate a novel nanoscale PDLC device that has inhomogeneous droplet size distribution. In such a PDLC, the inhomogeneous droplet size distribution is obtained by exposing the LC/monomer with a non-uniform ultraviolet (UV) light. An electrically tunable-efficiency Fresnel lens is devised for the first time using nanoscale PDLC. The tunable Fresnel lens is very desirable to eliminate the need of external spatial light modulator. Different gradient profiles are obtained by using different photomasks. The nanoscale LC droplets are randomly distributed within the polymer matrix, so that the devices are polarization independent and exhibit a fast response time. Because of the small droplet sizes, the operating voltage is higher than 100 Vrms. To lower the driving voltage, in Chap. 2 and Chap. 3, we have investigated a polymer-network liquid crystal (PNLC) using a rod-like monomer structure. Since the monomer concentration is only about 5%, the operating voltage is below 10 Vrms. The PNLC devices are polarization dependent. To overcome this shortcoming, stacking two cells with orthogonal alignment directions is a possibility. In Chap. 3, another approach to lower the operating voltage is to use phase-separated composite film (PSCOF) where the LC and polymer are separated completely to form two layers. Without multi-domain formed in the LC cell, PSCOF is free from light scattering. Using PNLC and PSCOF, we also demonstrated LC blazed grating and Fresnel lens. The diffraction efficiency of these devices is continuously controlled by the electric field. Besides Fresnel lens, another critical need for imaging and display is to develop a system with continuously tunable focal length. A conventional zooming system controls the lens distance by mechanical motion along the optical axis. This mechanical zooming system is bulky and power hungry. To overcome the bulkiness, in Chap. 4 we developed an electrically tunable-focus flat LC spherical lens which consists of a spherical electrode imbedded in the top flat substrates while a planar electrode on the bottom substrate. The electric field from the spherical and planar electrodes induces a centrosymmetric gradient refractive index distribution within the LC layer which, in turn, causes the focusing effect. The focal length is tunable by the applied voltage. A tunable range from 0.6 m to infinity is achieved. Microlens array is an attractive device for optical communications and projection displays. In Chap. 5, we describe a LC microlens array whose focal length can be switched from positive to negative or vise versa by the applied voltage. The top spherical electrode glass substrate is flattened with a polymer layer. The top convex substrate and LC layer work together like a zoom lens. By tuning the refractive index profile of the LC layer, the focal length of the microlens array can be switched from positive to negative or vise versa. The tunable LC microlens array would be a great replacement of a conventional microlens array which can be moved by mechanical elements. The fast response time feature of our LC microlens array will be very helpful in developing 3-D animated images. A special feature for LC/polymer composites is light scattering. The concept is analogous to the light scattering of clouds which consist of water droplets. In Chap. 6, we demonstrate polymer network liquid crystals for switchable polarizers and optical shutters. The PNLC can present anisotropic or isotropic light scattering behavior depending on the fabrication methods. The use of dual-frequency liquid crystal and special driving scheme leads to a sub-millisecond response time. The applications for display, light shutters, and switchable windows are emphasized. Although polymer networks help to reduce liquid crystal response time, they tend to scatter light. In Chap. 7, for the first time, we demonstrate a fast-response and scattering-free homogeneously-aligned PNLC light modulator. Light scattering in the near-infrared region is suppressed by optimizing the polymer concentration such that the network domain sizes are smaller than the wavelength. As a result, the PNLC response time is ~300X faster than that of a pure LC mixture except that the threshold voltage is increased by ~25X. The PNLC cell also holds promise for mid and long infrared applications where response time is a critical issue.
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Date Issued
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2005
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Identifier
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CFE0000545, ucf:46439
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000545
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Title
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ADAPTIVE INTELLIGENT USER INTERFACES WITH EMOTION RECOGNITION.
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Creator
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NASOZ, FATMA, Christine Lisetti, Dr L., University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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The focus of this dissertation is on creating Adaptive Intelligent User Interfaces to facilitate enhanced natural communication during the Human-Computer Interaction by recognizing users' affective states (i.e., emotions experienced by the users) and responding to those emotions by adapting to the current situation via an affective user model created for each user. Controlled experiments were designed and conducted in a laboratory environment and in a Virtual Reality environment to collect...
Show moreThe focus of this dissertation is on creating Adaptive Intelligent User Interfaces to facilitate enhanced natural communication during the Human-Computer Interaction by recognizing users' affective states (i.e., emotions experienced by the users) and responding to those emotions by adapting to the current situation via an affective user model created for each user. Controlled experiments were designed and conducted in a laboratory environment and in a Virtual Reality environment to collect physiological data signals from participants experiencing specific emotions. Algorithms (k-Nearest Neighbor [KNN], Discriminant Function Analysis [DFA], Marquardt-Backpropagation [MBP], and Resilient Backpropagation [RBP]) were implemented to analyze the collected data signals and to find unique physiological patterns of emotions. Emotion Elicitation with Movie Clips Experiment was conducted to elicit Sadness, Anger, Surprise, Fear, Frustration, and Amusement from participants. Overall, the three algorithms: KNN, DFA, and MBP, could recognize emotions with 72.3%, 75.0%, and 84.1% accuracy, respectively. Driving Simulator experiment was conducted to elicit driving-related emotions and states (panic/fear, frustration/anger, and boredom/sleepiness). The KNN, MBP and RBP Algorithms were used to classify the physiological signals by corresponding emotions. Overall, KNN could classify these three emotions with 66.3%, MBP could classify them with 76.7% and RBP could classify them with 91.9% accuracy. Adaptation of the interface was designed to provide multi-modal feedback to the users about their current affective state and to respond to users' negative emotional states in order to decrease the possible negative impacts of those emotions. Bayesian Belief Networks formalization was employed to develop the User Model to enable the intelligent system to appropriately adapt to the current context and situation by considering user-dependent factors, such as: personality traits and preferences.
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Date Issued
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2004
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Identifier
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CFE0000126, ucf:46201
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000126
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Title
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A THEORY OF COMPLEX ADAPTIVE INQUIRING ORGANIZATIONS: APPLICATION TO CONTINUOUS ASSURANCE OF CORPORATE FINANCIAL INFORMATION.
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Creator
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Kuhn, John, Cheney, Paul, University of Central Florida
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Abstract / Description
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Drawing upon the theories of complexity and complex adaptive systems and the Singerian Inquiring System from C. West Churchman's seminal work The Design of Inquiring Systems the dissertation herein develops a systems design theory for continuous auditing systems. The dissertation consists of discussion of the two foundational theories, development of the Theory of Complex Adaptive Inquiring Organizations (CAIO) and associated design principles for a continuous auditing system supporting a...
Show moreDrawing upon the theories of complexity and complex adaptive systems and the Singerian Inquiring System from C. West Churchman's seminal work The Design of Inquiring Systems the dissertation herein develops a systems design theory for continuous auditing systems. The dissertation consists of discussion of the two foundational theories, development of the Theory of Complex Adaptive Inquiring Organizations (CAIO) and associated design principles for a continuous auditing system supporting a CAIO, and instantiation of the CAIO theory. The instantiation consists of an agent-based model depicting the marketplace for Frontier Airlines that generates an anticipated market share used as an integral component in a mock auditor going concern opinion for the airline. As a whole, the dissertation addresses the lack of an underlying system design theory and comprehensive view needed to build upon and advance the continuous assurance movement and addresses the question of how continuous auditing systems should be designed to produce knowledge knowledge that benefits auditors, clients, and society as a whole.
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Date Issued
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2009
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Identifier
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CFE0002848, ucf:48052
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Format
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Document (PDF)
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PURL
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http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002848
Pages