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Title: Heat Transfer in a Coupled Impingement-Effusion Cooling System.
Creator: Miller, Mark, Kapat, Jayanta, Deng, Weiwei, Gordon, Ali, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The efficiency of air-breathing gas turbine engines improves as the combustion temperature increases. Therefore, modern gas turbines operate at temperatures greater than the melting temperature of hot-gas-path components, and cooling must be introduced in order to maintain mechanical integrity of those components. Two highly effective techniques used in modern designs for this purpose are impingement cooling and use of coolant film on hot-gas-path surface introduced through discrete film or...
Show moreThe efficiency of air-breathing gas turbine engines improves as the combustion temperature increases. Therefore, modern gas turbines operate at temperatures greater than the melting temperature of hot-gas-path components, and cooling must be introduced in order to maintain mechanical integrity of those components. Two highly effective techniques used in modern designs for this purpose are impingement cooling and use of coolant film on hot-gas-path surface introduced through discrete film or effusion holes. In this study, these two mechanisms are coupled into a single prototype cooling system. The heat transfer capability of this system is experimentally determined for a variety of different geometries and coolant flow rates.This study utilizes Temperature Sensitive Paint (TSP) in order to measure temperature distribution over a surface, which allowed for local impingement Nusselt number, film cooling effectiveness, and film cooling heat transfer enhancement profiles to be obtained. In addition to providing quantitative heat transfer data, this method allowed for qualitative investigation of the flow behavior near the test surface. Impinging jet-to-target-plate spacing was varied over a large range, including several tall impingement scenarios outside the published limits. Additionally, both in-line and staggered effusion arrangements were studied, and results for normal injection were compared to full coverage film cooling with inclined- and compound-angle injection. Effects of impingement and effusion cooling were combined to determine the overall cooling effectiveness of the system.It is shown that low impingement heights produce the highest Nusselt number, and that large jet-to-jet spacing reduces coolant flow rate while maintaining moderate to high heat transfer rates. Staggered effusion configurations exhibit superior performance to in-line configurations, as jet interference is reduced and surface area coverage is improved. Coolant to mainstream flow mass flux ratios greater than unity result in jet blow-off and reduced effectiveness. The convective heat transfer coefficient on the film cooled surface is higher than a similar surface without coolant injection due to the generation of turbulence associated with jet-cross flow interaction.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0004140, ucf:49042
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004140

Title: NAKED WOMEN, THE UNITY IN DIALECTIC FORCES.
Creator: Albekord, Nargges, Price, Mark, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This study investigates my art works, their context, content, and the process by which they were produced. The first part of the study addresses my background ideas and philosophies, their impact on my works, and the environmental and psychological context which made those ideas relevant to my paintings. I am not concerned with answering the usual questions, What is art? and Who is an artist? My intention is to find out who I choose to be and what I choose to do. The second part investigates...
Show moreThis study investigates my art works, their context, content, and the process by which they were produced. The first part of the study addresses my background ideas and philosophies, their impact on my works, and the environmental and psychological context which made those ideas relevant to my paintings. I am not concerned with answering the usual questions, What is art? and Who is an artist? My intention is to find out who I choose to be and what I choose to do. The second part investigates the form and design of the art works from the materials used to make them to the various formal elements utilized in creating them. The connection of form and content in these art works is emphasized. The last part of the study investigates the influences of a few significant artists and the impacts of their works on my art. The future of my art work is, of course, not predictable, and it does not depend on this study. This study is only as factual, reliable, and truthful as my art work is.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0003648, ucf:48826
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003648

Title: DEEP WITHIN.
Creator: Joseph, Caberbe, Haxton, David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: As a contemporary photographer, I focus most on light and color to bring out the uniqueness of my images. Photography is about lighting and I manipulate lights to raise questions in my viewers. Manipulating light is my way of being curious about how it may change mood physically and emotionally. Inspired by classical paintings, I have developed a body of photographs that can be admired by anyone. Although the main focus of my work is light and color, this body of work is also intended to...
Show moreAs a contemporary photographer, I focus most on light and color to bring out the uniqueness of my images. Photography is about lighting and I manipulate lights to raise questions in my viewers. Manipulating light is my way of being curious about how it may change mood physically and emotionally. Inspired by classical paintings, I have developed a body of photographs that can be admired by anyone. Although the main focus of my work is light and color, this body of work is also intended to empower those with little confidence in themselves and those who have been rejected, abused, or mistrusted.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: CFE0002592, ucf:48286
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002592

Title: OF GODS, BEASTS AND MEN: DIGITAL SCULPTURE.
Creator: Salisbury, Brian, Kovach, Keith, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: My most recent body of work explores the synthesis of my influences, interests and life experiences into imagery of common themes: The expression of dynamic figures and forms and colors in digital 3d space, cinematic composition, and vibrant color, expressed through a semblance of Aztec culture and wildlife. My sculptures of nature and ancient culture are created using contemporary digital art creation technologies and techniques. I examine the art and religion of the Aztecs and the universal...
Show moreMy most recent body of work explores the synthesis of my influences, interests and life experiences into imagery of common themes: The expression of dynamic figures and forms and colors in digital 3d space, cinematic composition, and vibrant color, expressed through a semblance of Aztec culture and wildlife. My sculptures of nature and ancient culture are created using contemporary digital art creation technologies and techniques. I examine the art and religion of the Aztecs and the universal search for understanding and purpose in the world and the forces around and beyond us.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: CFE0002587, ucf:48278
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002587

Title: Hidden Scars: The Art of PTSD.
Creator: Gonzalez, Gabriel, Price, Mark, Kovach, Keith, Raimundi-Ortiz, Wanda, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Through the use of mixed media, I explore imagery that reveals the trauma of returning combat veterans, of which I am one, as we try to reintegrate into a society that does not understand the war that still lingers within us. In my work, I depict emotional disturbances that are related to my personal encounters with war.My working process starts by referencing mainstream media imagery, which I juxtapose against harsh images inspired by veterans' drug and alcohol use, trauma and death.My black...
Show moreThrough the use of mixed media, I explore imagery that reveals the trauma of returning combat veterans, of which I am one, as we try to reintegrate into a society that does not understand the war that still lingers within us. In my work, I depict emotional disturbances that are related to my personal encounters with war.My working process starts by referencing mainstream media imagery, which I juxtapose against harsh images inspired by veterans' drug and alcohol use, trauma and death.My black-and-white pixelated paintings feature the fragmented memories of a hostile combat environment, and although (")Out of My Mind(") depicts the chaotic emotions associated with PTSD, my whimsical style of illustration suggests a detachment from reality.Whether we call it shell shock, battle fatigue or PTSD, the war-related disorder is real. I want society to be aware of the hidden scars that our veterans carry with them. I do not anticipate my subject matter changing any time soon.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004684, ucf:49857
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004684

Title: Magnesium and Acidified Ethanol Based Treatment Systems for the Extraction and Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Contaminated Oils, Paints, and Soils.
Creator: Novaes-Card, Simone, Yestrebsky, Cherie, Clausen, Christian, Elsheimer, Seth, Frazer, Andrew, Duranceau, Steven, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of environmentally persistent halogenated organic compounds that were once used as stabilizers to improve the properties of a variety of materials such as lubricants, heat transfer fluids, paints, and caulking materials. PCBs are also capable of migration through processes such as spillage into soils, leaching into groundwater, and volatilization into the atmosphere. Although banned in 1979 over health concerns, PCBs persist in these materials to...
Show morePolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of environmentally persistent halogenated organic compounds that were once used as stabilizers to improve the properties of a variety of materials such as lubricants, heat transfer fluids, paints, and caulking materials. PCBs are also capable of migration through processes such as spillage into soils, leaching into groundwater, and volatilization into the atmosphere. Although banned in 1979 over health concerns, PCBs persist in these materials to this day because they are resistant to biotic degradation and natural weathering processes. The wide variety of contaminated materials means that many existing treatment options cannot be used across all media. This research focuses on the adaptation of a reductive dehalogenation system for dechlorination of PCBs from machine oils, paints, sludges, and soils. The system utilizes magnesium, glacial acetic acid, and ethanol in order to remove the chlorine atoms from the biphenyl backbone, which is less toxic and can be broken down biotically.A treatment plan was devised for machine oil contaminated with PCBs, involving sorption of PCBs onto a column of super activated alumina followed by desorption into hexane and treatment of the hexane with magnesium and acidified ethanol to dechlorinate the PCBs. In a small-scale study, 98.5% of PCBs from an oil sample were sorbed to the column, and the PCBs that were subsequently desorbed were dechlorinated to below detectable levels within one day of magnesium and acidified ethanol treatment. Information from small-scale studies was used to design larger sorption columns intended for use at a field site.A field study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two different treatment system pastes at removing PCBs from painted surfaces. These pastes were formulated with bulking and viscosity control agents in order to cling to vertical surfaces, and contained either acidified ethanol and magnesium (Activated Metal Treatment System, AMTS) or acidified ethanol only (Non-Metal Treatment System, NMTS). AMTS was capable of 64.8% average removal of PCBs from paint, while NMTS demonstrated 89.5% average removal but required a second step to dechlorinate the extracted PCBs. This system allows for treatment of surfaces without demolishing the structure. AMTS was also studied for in situ dechlorination of PCBs in soils, and NMTS enclosed in a polyethylene barrier was studied for extraction of PCBs from sludges.A two-step system was devised for the ex situ treatment of PCB-contaminated soils. Solvent extraction with ethanol or an ethanol/ethyl lactate cosolvent is followed by dechlorination using magnesium and glacial acetic acid. Studies included the optimization of extraction solvent, cosolvent ratio, cost, and reuse of magnesium or extraction solvent. Surface analysis of magnesium particles used in dechlorination showed a precipitate occluding part of the surface, which was thought to be a combination of magnesium ethoxide and magnesium hydroxide. This precipitate is thought to come from the reaction of magnesium ethoxide formed during the PCB dechlorination process with pore water extracted from the soil.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0005222, ucf:50630
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005222

Title: INTERACTION BETWEEN SECONDARY FLOW AND FILM COOLING JETS OF A REALISTIC ANNULAR AIRFOIL CASCADE (HIGH MACH NUMBER).
Creator: Nguyen, Cuong, Kapat, Jayanta, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Film cooling is investigated on a flat plate both numerically and experimentally. Conical shaped film hole are investigated extensively and contribute to the current literature data, which is extremely rare in the open public domain. Both configuration of the cylindrical film holes, with and without a trench, are investigated in detail. Design of experiment technique was performed to find an optimum combination of both geometrical and fluid parameters to achieve the best film cooling...
Show moreFilm cooling is investigated on a flat plate both numerically and experimentally. Conical shaped film hole are investigated extensively and contribute to the current literature data, which is extremely rare in the open public domain. Both configuration of the cylindrical film holes, with and without a trench, are investigated in detail. Design of experiment technique was performed to find an optimum combination of both geometrical and fluid parameters to achieve the best film cooling performance. From this part of the study, it shows that film cooling performance can be enhanced up to 250% with the trenched film cooling versus non-trenched case provided the same amount of coolant. Since most of the relevant open literature is about film cooling on flat plate endwall cascade with linear extrusion airfoil, the purpose of the second part of this study is to examine the interaction of the secondary flow inside a 3D cascade and the injected film cooling jets. This is employed on the first stage of the aircraft gas turbine engine to protect the curvilinear (annular) endwall platform. The current study investigates the interaction between injected film jets and the secondary flow both experimentally and numerically at high Mach number (M=0.7). Validation shows good agreement between obtained data with the open literature. In general, it can be concluded that with an appropriate film coolant to mainstream blowing ratio, one can not only achieve the best film cooling effectiveness (FCE or η) on the downstream endwall but also maintain almost the same aerodynamic loss as in the un-cooled baseline case. Film performance acts nonlinearly with respect to blowing ratios as with film cooling on flat plate, in the other hand, with a right blowing ratio, film cooling performance is not affect much by secondary flow. In turn, film cooling jets do not increase pressure loss at the downstream wake area of the blades.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: CFE0003546, ucf:48944
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003546

Title: FUZZY ROBOTS: UTOPIAN IDEALS, THE IMMORTALIZATION OF YOUTH, AND THE INNOCENCE OF CHILDHOOD.
Creator: Caps, Elizabeth, Haxton, John, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Ideals, aesthetics, forms, and concepts have resurfaced in various cultures throughout time. I am interested in the idea of the recurring themes that exist in the collective unconscious. I create monolithic figures that exhibit these archetypal qualities. Heavily influenced by film, animation, video games, and contemporary art, I create figures and paintings that are manifestations of my subconscious. These manifestations personify utopian ideals, the immortalization of youth, and the...
Show moreIdeals, aesthetics, forms, and concepts have resurfaced in various cultures throughout time. I am interested in the idea of the recurring themes that exist in the collective unconscious. I create monolithic figures that exhibit these archetypal qualities. Heavily influenced by film, animation, video games, and contemporary art, I create figures and paintings that are manifestations of my subconscious. These manifestations personify utopian ideals, the immortalization of youth, and the innocence of childhood.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: CFE0002543, ucf:47654
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002543

Title: COHABITATION: LOOKING THROUGH A KEYHOLE.
Creator: Torrecampo, Mary Joy, Poindexter, Carla, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Initially, my developing body of work aimed to redesign the traditions of representational painting, specifically the female nude, to depict the contemporary notions of lesbianism and femininity in an honest and empowering manner as a form of identity and not as vehicle for voyeurism. As an artist who paints the female nude and identifies as a woman and a lesbian, I examine the preexisting notions of the male gaze and the effect of socialization as it pertains to my work. The act of looking...
Show moreInitially, my developing body of work aimed to redesign the traditions of representational painting, specifically the female nude, to depict the contemporary notions of lesbianism and femininity in an honest and empowering manner as a form of identity and not as vehicle for voyeurism. As an artist who paints the female nude and identifies as a woman and a lesbian, I examine the preexisting notions of the male gaze and the effect of socialization as it pertains to my work. The act of looking from the point of view of a woman, which is not synonymous with a "female gaze", or from the point of view of a lesbian, is not a birthright, but a conscious effort to constantly question the way we see and produce pictures and realizing that the male gaze permeates most images of female nudes. By the nature of my sexuality and my exposure to existing male-produced images, do I see the female nude through the male gaze or is there a gaze that is essentially female? Does it matter either way if the image is aesthetically compelling? My paintings neither attempt to conform to the male gaze or debunk it, nor do I attempt to prove the existence of a female gaze. Like Edgar Degas, I wish to look through a keyhole - a form of voyeurism - to see people outside of their public facade.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: CFH0004713, ucf:45402
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004713

Title: Adiabatic Film Cooling Effectiveness of a Transpiration-Cooled Leading Edge Fabricated by Laser Additive Manufacturing.
Creator: Calderon, Luisana, Kapat, Jayanta, Raghavan, Seetha, Mingareev, Ilya, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is an emerging technology capable of fabricating complex geometries not possibly made by investment casting methods for gas turbine applications. LAM techniques consist of building parts in a layer-by-layer process by selectively melting metal powders. In the present study, a mock leading edge segment of a turbine blade fabricated by LAM of Inconel 718 powders is investigated. For this particular design, the traditional showerhead film cooling holes have...
Show moreLaser additive manufacturing (LAM) is an emerging technology capable of fabricating complex geometries not possibly made by investment casting methods for gas turbine applications. LAM techniques consist of building parts in a layer-by-layer process by selectively melting metal powders. In the present study, a mock leading edge segment of a turbine blade fabricated by LAM of Inconel 718 powders is investigated. For this particular design, the traditional showerhead film cooling holes have been replaced by two strips containing engineered-porous regions with the purpose of simulating the effect of transpiration cooling. Transpiration cooling has been considered a promising external convective cooling method capable of providing a more uniform film and higher adiabatic film cooling effectiveness than conventional discrete film cooling. In addition, many studies have shown that this technique can yield high firing temperatures with much less coolant consumption than discrete film cooling. In this current study, adiabatic film cooling effectiveness is investigated by means of mass transfer using pressure sensitive paint (PSP). The experiments are conducted for blowing ratios ranging between M = 0.03 and M = 0.28 for a nominal density ratio of 1.5. The density ratio is obtained by using air as the mainstream flow and CO2 as the secondary flow (or coolant source). Results indicate higher coverage and film cooling effectiveness when increasing blowing ratio at the expense of higher pressure drop. In addition, the experimental results are compared to numerical analyses performed using steady state Reynolds Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007315, ucf:52117
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007315

Title: Surface Measurements and Predictions of Full-Coverage Film Cooling.
Creator: Natsui, Gregory, Kapat, Jayanta, Raghavan, Seetha, Vasu Sumathi, Subith, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Full-coverage film cooling is investigated both experimentally and numerically. First,surface measurements local of adiabatic film cooling eeffectiveness and heat transfer augmentation for four different arrays are described. Reported next is a comparison between two very common turbulence models, Realizable k-epsilon and SST k-omega, and their ability to predict local film cooling effectiveness throughout a full-coverage array.The objective of the experimental study is the quantification of...
Show moreFull-coverage film cooling is investigated both experimentally and numerically. First,surface measurements local of adiabatic film cooling eeffectiveness and heat transfer augmentation for four different arrays are described. Reported next is a comparison between two very common turbulence models, Realizable k-epsilon and SST k-omega, and their ability to predict local film cooling effectiveness throughout a full-coverage array.The objective of the experimental study is the quantification of local heat transferaugmentation and adiabatic film cooling effectiveness for four surfaces cooled by large, both in hole count and in non-dimensional spacing, arrays of film cooling holes. The four arrays are of two different hole-to-hole spacings (P=D = X=D = 14.5; 19.8) and two different hole inclination angles (alpha = 30°; 45°), with cylindrical holes compounded relative to the flow(beta = 45°) and arranged in a staggered configuration. Arrays of up to 30 rows are tested so that the superposition effect of the coolant film can be studied. In addition, shortened arrays of up to 20 rows of coolant holes are also tested so that the decay of the coolant film following injection can be studied.Levels of laterally averaged effectiveness reach values as high as η = 0.5, and are not yet at the asymptotic limit even after 20 - 30 rows of injection for all cases studied. Levels of heat transfer augmentation asymptotically approach values of h=h0 ≈ 1.35 rather quickly, only after 10 rows. It is conjectured that the heat transfer augmentation levels off very quickly due to the boundary layer reaching an equilibrium in which the perturbation from additional film rows has reached a balance with the damping effect resulting from viscosity. The levels of laterally averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness far exceeding eta = 0.5 aremuch higher than expected. The heat transfer augmentation levels off quickly as opposed tothe film effectiveness which continues to rise (although asymptotically) at large row numbers. This ensures that an increased row count represents coolant well spent.The numerical predictions are carried out in order to test the ability of the two mostcommon turbulence models to properly predict full-coverage film cooling. The two models chosen, Realizable k-epsilon (RKE) and Shear Stress Transport k-omega (SSTKW), areboth two-equation models coupled with Reynolds Averaged governing equations which makeseveral gross physical assumptions and require several empirical values. Hence, the modelsare not expected to provide perfect results. However, very good average values are seen tobe obtained through these simple models. Using RKE in order to model full-coverage filmcooling will yield results with 30% less error than selecting SSTKW.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: CFE0004580, ucf:49221
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004580

Title: Multi-Row Film Cooling Boundary Layers.
Creator: Natsui, Gregory, Kapat, Jayanta, Raghavan, Seetha, Vasu Sumathi, Subith, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: High fidelity measurements are necessary to validate existing and future turbulence models for the purpose of producing the next generation of more efficient gas turbines. The objective of the present study is to conduct several different measurements of multi-row film cooling arrays in order to better understand the physics involved with injection of coolant through multiple rows of discrete holes into a flat plate turbulent boundary layer. Adiabatic effectiveness distributions are measured...
Show moreHigh fidelity measurements are necessary to validate existing and future turbulence models for the purpose of producing the next generation of more efficient gas turbines. The objective of the present study is to conduct several different measurements of multi-row film cooling arrays in order to better understand the physics involved with injection of coolant through multiple rows of discrete holes into a flat plate turbulent boundary layer. Adiabatic effectiveness distributions are measured for several multi-row film cooling geometries. The geometries are designed with two different hole spacings and two different hole types to yield four total geometries. One of the four geometries tested for adiabatic effectiveness was selected for flowfield measurements. The wall and flowfield are studied with several testing techniques, including: particle image velocimetry, hot wire anemometry, pressure sensitive paint and discrete gas sampling.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: CFE0005982, ucf:50776
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005982

Title: PERCEPTION OF CUTENESS AND BEAUTY.
Creator: Jones, Danielle, Poindexter, Carla, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Upbringing and psychological make-up inspire individual norms for beauty and cuteness. The mannerist approach in my work is a product of the figural liberties found in cartooning, illustration and art history. By altering facial and bodily features, I relate the proportions of an infant to cuteness and innocence. However, I tailor the photographs to empower the subjects all the while mirroring trends in contemporary pop culture. I'm interested in themes of everyday life, vitality and...
Show moreUpbringing and psychological make-up inspire individual norms for beauty and cuteness. The mannerist approach in my work is a product of the figural liberties found in cartooning, illustration and art history. By altering facial and bodily features, I relate the proportions of an infant to cuteness and innocence. However, I tailor the photographs to empower the subjects all the while mirroring trends in contemporary pop culture. I'm interested in themes of everyday life, vitality and emotion placed in obscure, imaginary or exaggerated venues. I fictionalize subjects of my reality to compel viewers to identify with and fancy emotions, circumstances, moods and relationships. The intent is to amplify, yet be truer to their existence and idiosyncrasies through figural adaptations.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: CFE0002538, ucf:47637
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002538

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