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- Title
- MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE U.S. DOLLAR AS A PRIMARY RESERVE CURRENCY.
- Creator
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Salgado, Joel, Aysun, Uluc, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Several currencies have arisen as credible competitors for the dollar's primary reserve currency position in central banks around the globe, and many wonder how long the dollar can maintain its position. Reserve currency usage is dependent relative to the size of the home economy, openness to trade, and prosperous and stable growth, including an inertial bias. This paper utilizes econometric methods to examine the significance of macroeconomic indicators of the U.S. dollar's reserve currency...
Show moreSeveral currencies have arisen as credible competitors for the dollar's primary reserve currency position in central banks around the globe, and many wonder how long the dollar can maintain its position. Reserve currency usage is dependent relative to the size of the home economy, openness to trade, and prosperous and stable growth, including an inertial bias. This paper utilizes econometric methods to examine the significance of macroeconomic indicators of the U.S. dollar's reserve currency status. The dataset is gathered from the IMF's COFER database using a time period from 2000 to 2013 in order to capture the most relevant reserve levels post-euro adoption. The estimated coefficient values indicate a significant inertial bias. This result implies that we can expect the dollar to hold the primary reserve currency position for the near future.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFH0004803, ucf:45470
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004803
- Title
- STOCK MARKET CORRELATIONS AND CROSS-EQUITY HOLDINGS.
- Creator
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ILIEV, RADOSLAV, Aysun, Uluc, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The objective of this research is to find how world stock markets correlate with each other and what causes that correlation. Multiple dependent variables that may have a high impact on correlations are tested, with a particular focus on cross-equity holdings. All the variables but one tested significant at the accepted 90% confidence level. The model showed a negative relationship between equity holdings and stock market correlation. The results may inspire further research with more in...
Show moreThe objective of this research is to find how world stock markets correlate with each other and what causes that correlation. Multiple dependent variables that may have a high impact on correlations are tested, with a particular focus on cross-equity holdings. All the variables but one tested significant at the accepted 90% confidence level. The model showed a negative relationship between equity holdings and stock market correlation. The results may inspire further research with more in depth analysis of international equity holdings and investor behavior in world stock markets.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFH0004248, ucf:44919
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004248
- Title
- THE DISPARITY OF MILITARY POWER BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES, EUROPE AND ITS EFFECT ON TRANSTALANTIC DEFENSE PROJECT COOPERATION.
- Creator
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Johnson, John-Michael, Houghton, David, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This study investigated what determines successful transatlantic defense policy cooperation and how that cooperation can reduce the military capability gap between the United States and its European NATO allies. It examines the differing defense policies and defense capabilities between the United States and its European NATO allies. Several theories in International Relations were also used as a foundation for the argument that cooperation is needed. The approach to defense policy is very...
Show moreThis study investigated what determines successful transatlantic defense policy cooperation and how that cooperation can reduce the military capability gap between the United States and its European NATO allies. It examines the differing defense policies and defense capabilities between the United States and its European NATO allies. Several theories in International Relations were also used as a foundation for the argument that cooperation is needed. The approach to defense policy is very different between the United States and Europe. The strategic vision of the world of both parties differs as well. Policy, doctrine and defense projects are all taken into consideration and analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis of policy and doctrines, the policy recommendation is that there should be more cooperation on defense policy planning, military doctrine and defense projects conducted in the effective fashion of current successful cases. The European NATO members will also need to cooperate on such policy if the military capability gap is to be lessened.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- CFE0002417, ucf:47762
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002417
- Title
- An Empirical Analysis of the Association Between Types of Interventions and Civil War Onset.
- Creator
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Mellott, Melinda, Mirilovic, Nikola, Lanier, Drew, Sadri, Houman, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Quantitative studies have focused on economics, social structures, and lack of political freedoms as being elemental factors for civil war onset. However, these studies have neglected the possibility of a civil war being an unintended consequence of international military intervention. I conduct an empirical analysis of the association between military intervention and civil war onset by collecting data for twenty countries within the Middle East/North African regions from 1980 to 2000. Using...
Show moreQuantitative studies have focused on economics, social structures, and lack of political freedoms as being elemental factors for civil war onset. However, these studies have neglected the possibility of a civil war being an unintended consequence of international military intervention. I conduct an empirical analysis of the association between military intervention and civil war onset by collecting data for twenty countries within the Middle East/North African regions from 1980 to 2000. Using the International Military Intervention data set, I categorized (")international intervention(") into nine different types, all of which were regressed with intrastate war data derived from the Correlates of War project. Two logit regression analyses were used to obtain the results, one of which analyzes civil war at time t and the independent variables at t-1. Additionally, marginal effects were computed to reflect accurate estimates. Overall, the data revealed that certain types of interventions are conducive to civil war onset, such as those pursuing terrorists or rebel groups across the border, gaining or retaining territory, and humanitarian interventions. Other types of interventions, such as those for social protection purposes, taking sides in a domestic dispute, and for the purpose of affecting policies of the target country, has a negative association with civil war onset. Two case studies, the 1953 U.S. intervention into Iran and the 1979 Soviet Union intervention into Afghanistan, reflects the observed findings of the two regression models. The occurrences of international military interventions and civil wars have increased dramatically since the end of World War II; therefore, it is important to have a better understanding of the association between the two events. To my knowledge, this is the first study that has categorized different types of interventions under which results indicate that the purpose of a military intervention does effect the likelihood of civil war onset. Scholars may develop this study further with the goal of establishing a better understanding of both phenomena so that we can find more efficient ways of preventing them.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0006042, ucf:50974
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006042
- Title
- FOREIGN INFLUENCES ON CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE REMILITARIZATION: THE UNITED STATES, NORTH KOREA, AND CHINA.
- Creator
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Lee, Allison, Sadri, Houman, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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After surrendering in World War II, Japan's new American-crafted constitution forced the formerly imperialistic country into pacifism. In accordance with Article 9 of the constitution, Japan was to be completely demilitarized and was therefore barred from keeping a standing military of its own. Over the course of the seven decades that have passed since the implementation of Supreme Commander MacArthur's nonviolent constitution, Japan has slowly regained military strength. Rather than being...
Show moreAfter surrendering in World War II, Japan's new American-crafted constitution forced the formerly imperialistic country into pacifism. In accordance with Article 9 of the constitution, Japan was to be completely demilitarized and was therefore barred from keeping a standing military of its own. Over the course of the seven decades that have passed since the implementation of Supreme Commander MacArthur's nonviolent constitution, Japan has slowly regained military strength. Rather than being the direct result of domestic politics and civic wishes, however, the rearmament of Japan has come as a result of foreign influences. Namely, the United States, North Korea, and China have forced the docile country to recoup its former martial power. Without these three countries' actions over the years, Japan would never have had the backing or reasoning to rearm itself. The intent of this thesis is to explore the various actions that these three countries have taken that have led to Japan's remilitarization. By taking a historical and chronological approach, this thesis will examine the actions each country has taken since the end of World War II and how they have gone on to spur Japan's rearmament. Actions, such as domestic policy changes, military activities, and public announcements by the three countries, will be analyzed alongside Japan's reactionary policies and responses.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFH2000254, ucf:45934
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000254
- Title
- EVALUATION OF THE ANTECEDENTS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE.
- Creator
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Harper, Mary, Byers, Jacqueline, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Purpose: The threefold purpose of this research is to identify the essential antecedents of cultural competence as identified by international nurse researchers, to compare the content of the extant cultural competence instruments to these antecedents and to potentially identify gaps in their conceptualization. A secondary aim of this research is to initiate validation of Harper's model of ethical multiculturalism. Conceptual Basis: The model of ethical multiculturalism depicts the...
Show morePurpose: The threefold purpose of this research is to identify the essential antecedents of cultural competence as identified by international nurse researchers, to compare the content of the extant cultural competence instruments to these antecedents and to potentially identify gaps in their conceptualization. A secondary aim of this research is to initiate validation of Harper's model of ethical multiculturalism. Conceptual Basis: The model of ethical multiculturalism depicts the attributes of ethical multiculturalism as the fulcrum of a balance between two ethical philosophies of fundamentalism and relativism. The attributes of moral reasoning, beneficence/nonmaleficence, respect for persons and communities, and cultural competence form the pyramidal fulcrum. The antecedents form the base of the pyramid and include cultural awareness, culture knowledge, cultural sensitivity, cultural encounters, cultural skill and understanding of ethical principles. Methodology: An on-line Delphi method was conducted with 35 international nurse researchers identified through published research, university directories, and professional organizations. Consensus was reached after two rounds. Following the Delphi rounds, sixteen members of the expert panel participated in an on-line focus group to validate results of the Delphi and discuss cultural competence in the international arena. Findings: Eighty antecedents of cultural competence were identified. Focus group discussion validated findings of the Delphi. Consensual thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts resulted in six themes: chimerical, contact, contextual, collaboration, connections, and considering impact. The Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool (TSET) contained the most antecedents identified by the expert panel. Conclusions: Cultural competence is a process, not an outcome, and must be considered from the perspective of the recipient of care or research participant. Nurses must strive to deliver culturally acceptable care. The model of ethical multiculturalism is revised to include cultural desire as an antecedent. Nurses must understand the impact of globalization on individual health and care delivery. Implications for Nursing: Further testing of cultural competence instruments is needed to determine the correlation of self-efficacy with behavior, self-assessment with client assessment, and cultural competence with client outcomes. In education, research is needed to determine the most effective methods of teaching cultural competence. Increased recruitment of minorities into nursing programs is warranted. In practice, nurses must be prepared to provide language assistance as needed, recruitment and hiring of minorities must be increased, and minority thresholds must be used to determine cultural knowledge content for organizations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- CFE0002046, ucf:47600
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002046
- Title
- THE EFFECTS OF A RESPONSIBILITY-BASED CHARACTER EDUCATION PROGRAM ON MIDDLE SCHOOL ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND SCHOOL CLIMATE AT AN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IN EAST AFRICA.
- Creator
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HOWARD, TERRY, ROBINSON, EDWARD, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a character education program on middle school student academic performance, effort and attitude about their school located in an international setting. Middle school students at the participating international school were assigned to either an experimental or control group. Those students in the experimental group classes received a series of 12 lessons focusing on the character trait of responsibility. Those students in the...
Show moreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a character education program on middle school student academic performance, effort and attitude about their school located in an international setting. Middle school students at the participating international school were assigned to either an experimental or control group. Those students in the experimental group classes received a series of 12 lessons focusing on the character trait of responsibility. Those students in the control group classes did not receive these lessons. Twelve responsibility-based lessons were presented to students in the experimental group. Student academic grades in six different academic subjects, effort scores in six different academic courses, and student attitude concerning school climate constituted the dependent variable. The literature review and the general results of this study indicate that there are many factors that may influence student academic performance, effort or attitude. Various character education programs which have been designed to be integrated into school curricula as part of pre-existing courses or as stand alone programs have had varying levels of success. There is limited quantitative data available to support the claims that many existing programs make related to their effectiveness. The data collected from this study were also inconclusive making it difficult to generalize the findings beyond the scope of this study. While certain middle school grade levels showed statistically significant improvement in some academic disciplines or effort improvement in some subjects it would not be appropriate to generalize the findings based on this investigation. Implications of this study and suggestions for future investigations are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- CFE0000620, ucf:46518
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000620
- Title
- INCLUSION OF STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE.
- Creator
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Amayo, Jeanette, Murray, Barbara, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The purpose of this study was to examine the inclusion of students worldwide. Because the language barrier would impede the gathering of the necessary research, this study was delimited to only those English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. The researcher examined many aspects of the education of students with disabilities in each country and how that attributed to the extent in which students with disabilities were being...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to examine the inclusion of students worldwide. Because the language barrier would impede the gathering of the necessary research, this study was delimited to only those English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. The researcher examined many aspects of the education of students with disabilities in each country and how that attributed to the extent in which students with disabilities were being educated in the regular classroom. First, the researcher analyzed the legislation regarding students with disabilities, especially those directives that called for the Inclusion of them. Second, the researcher investigated the educational models used in each country to ascertain the placements available for the disabled, making special note of those that were more inclusive. Next, the researcher gathered data that examined the categorical system used to label, group, and educate the Special Education population. Finally, the researcher compared the extent to which the students with disabilities were educated in the regular classroom in each country by looking at the total proportion included as well as the percentage included in each disability category. To make a comparison of the educational attainments of each country, the researcher utilized a study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development that incorporated the students with disabilities in their international assessments. Results revealed that the United States has a much more extensive legislation dedicated to the education of individuals with disabilities than does the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. As a result, the United States' placement models and categorical systems are just as complex. Data also confirmed that other countries are including their disabled population in a regular education classroom at a much higher rate than that of the United States. Finally, the international study found that the United States performed worse than all the other countries in the subject areas assessed: Reading, Math, and Science. Recommendations for further research included the examination of teacher education programs world wide, comparison of provincial and territorial regions in Canada and Australia, and a comparison of graduation rates for those students with disabilities in inclusive settings and those in segregated settings.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- CFE0000761, ucf:46578
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000761
- Title
- GLOBALIZATION AND THE 'FOURTH WAVE': CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM IN A COMPARATIVE-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.
- Creator
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Martinez, Erika M, Turcu, Anca, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Terrorist activity has come to the forefront of political thought in recent years, especially since the attacks on the World Trade Center and Washington D.C on September 11, 2001. President George W. Bush declared a �war on terror� and governments all around the world have taken steps to enhance national security in efforts to prevent terrorist activity. The steps taken are not unwarranted, and in some cases have been successful. The nature of terrorism modernizes just as the world around it...
Show moreTerrorist activity has come to the forefront of political thought in recent years, especially since the attacks on the World Trade Center and Washington D.C on September 11, 2001. President George W. Bush declared a �war on terror� and governments all around the world have taken steps to enhance national security in efforts to prevent terrorist activity. The steps taken are not unwarranted, and in some cases have been successful. The nature of terrorism modernizes just as the world around it does, and as the global community has benefited from globalization and modernization, so have terrorist organizations. This study analyzes the history of modern terrorism through the comparison of four separate waves: the Anarchist Wave, the Nationalist-Separatist Wave, the Revolutionary Wave, and the Religious Wave. This paper compares each wave�s roots, desired outcomes and goals, strategies and modus operandi, destructive impact, and outcomes. The study identifies a move away from hierarchal organization, modernization in communications and weapon choice, and a significant rise in the lethality of terrorist activity in recent years. Furthermore, there is a connection between globalization and modernization and the increase in terrorist activity and lethality. Economic interconnection has provided opportunities through which terrorists can act by providing them with a shield of anonymity, while cultural interconnection has created situations through which anger and frustration can fester to provide motives and justifications for terrorist activity. Meanwhile, modernization has created new technologies that provide more effective means through which terrorists can act on their motives. Although the Religious Wave has been nicknamed the "jihadist wave" to reflect the prevalence of Islamic groups, this study analyzes social, economic, and historic impacts that have led to this wave rather than assume that Islam is inherently violent.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFH2000042, ucf:45513
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000042
- Title
- THE DOCTRINE OF SELF-DETERMINATION.
- Creator
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Moskovits , Kelsey, Kiel, Dwight, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Poverty and underdevelopment plague millions of people in the world today. Interestingly, the 800 million people that are currently living on less than a dollar a day correlate very closely with the 750 million people who were under colonial subjugation in 1945. In an effort to understand how the disparities in development came about, the theory of self-determination will be defined and historically assessed. Through qualitative evaluation of the principle and history of self-determination...
Show morePoverty and underdevelopment plague millions of people in the world today. Interestingly, the 800 million people that are currently living on less than a dollar a day correlate very closely with the 750 million people who were under colonial subjugation in 1945. In an effort to understand how the disparities in development came about, the theory of self-determination will be defined and historically assessed. Through qualitative evaluation of the principle and history of self-determination and case studies on three key regions that have never known genuine self-rule, it will become clear that the doctrine of self-determination only ever existed in rhetoric. Resource trap theory will be applied to those who have been plagued by outside rule and a general assessment of the state of self-determination in the world will be given. Lastly, an argument for what right transcendently will be given based on the current state of affairs and on Kantian ethics.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFH0004359, ucf:45028
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004359
- Title
- ORGANIZATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE WATER AND SANITATION HYGIENE SECTOR: INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS INTO THE DEFINITION OF SUCCESS.
- Creator
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Jeanis, Kaitlyn, Reinhart, Debra, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The world's poorest people, most of whom reside in under-developed nations, lack access to clean water and sanitation facilities, nutritious food, and education (UMP, 2005). These conditions are linked to malnutrition, disease, and low life expectancies (WHO). In an effort to reduce global poverty, the United Nations (UN) adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Under Goal 7c the UN denotes that by 2015 the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic...
Show moreThe world's poorest people, most of whom reside in under-developed nations, lack access to clean water and sanitation facilities, nutritious food, and education (UMP, 2005). These conditions are linked to malnutrition, disease, and low life expectancies (WHO). In an effort to reduce global poverty, the United Nations (UN) adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Under Goal 7c the UN denotes that by 2015 the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation as compared to the proportion who do should be halved. As a response to this objective the international development (ID) sector has implemented projects aimed at increasing access to clean water and sanitation facilities, yet reports of high rate of project failure continue (Ika, 2012). In this thesis factors contributing to project failures are outlined based on the literature. In response to these findings this thesis explores the components of sustainability as it relates to the WASH sector and creates a framework for minimum standards that should be met in order for a WASH project to be considered successful. These standards are adapted based on the World Health Organization (WHO), a project funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation that evaluates WASH projects called WASHCost, as well as the standards proposed by Carter et al (1999). Furthermore, it is argued that if implementing organizations are expected to monitor, evaluate and report on the environmental, social, economic as well as technical components of their implemented project, it will create a level of transparency that promotes organizational accountability that will inherently cause a shift towards more effective WASH projects.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFH0004632, ucf:45258
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004632
- Title
- My Plate, Your Food: Foodways of International Students in US(&)#191; Colleges and Universities.
- Creator
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Noyongoyo, Boniface, Mustaine, Elizabeth, Hinojosa, Melanie, Rivera, Fernando, Corra, Mamadi, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Research shows that the world is now more globalized than ever. In the education sector, students' movements have increased from the global South to the North as they look for a better tomorrow. Hence, international students in the US are from almost all countries around the world. The current study examines the changes in the foodways of international students since their arrival in the US The analysis is based on more than 260 surveys and 17 interviews of international students enrolled in...
Show moreResearch shows that the world is now more globalized than ever. In the education sector, students' movements have increased from the global South to the North as they look for a better tomorrow. Hence, international students in the US are from almost all countries around the world. The current study examines the changes in the foodways of international students since their arrival in the US The analysis is based on more than 260 surveys and 17 interviews of international students enrolled in US colleges and universities. The results from online self-administered surveys showed that international students' eating habit changes are mostly related to their continent of origin, gender, religious affiliation, and religious preference. Interviews conducted with students from different countries confirmed that the aforementioned characteristics are important in explaining these changes in eating habits.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007231, ucf:52225
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007231


