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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASTER'S LEVEL COUNSELING PRACTICUM STUDENTS' WELLNESS AND CLIENT OUTCOMES
Title
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASTER'S LEVEL COUNSELING PRACTICUM STUDENTS' WELLNESS AND CLIENT OUTCOMES.
Creator
O'Brien, Elizabeth, Robinson, Edward, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Client outcome research focuses primarily on three specific aspects of therapy: therapist technique, client behaviors and therapeutic interaction. The term "therapeutic interaction" focuses on the relationship between the counselor and the client, and is often ignored in client outcome research. Counselor specific contributions to the therapeutic process are called therapist characteristics may be an innovative way to assess how counselors' impact clients' outcomes in counseling. For...
Show moreClient outcome research focuses primarily on three specific aspects of therapy: therapist technique, client behaviors and therapeutic interaction. The term "therapeutic interaction" focuses on the relationship between the counselor and the client, and is often ignored in client outcome research. Counselor specific contributions to the therapeutic process are called therapist characteristics may be an innovative way to assess how counselors' impact clients' outcomes in counseling. For the purposes of this study administering the Five Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle and the Outcome Questionnaire to master's level student counselors assessed therapist characteristics. The Outcome Questionnaire was administered to clients at a community-counseling clinic at two points and a delta score was calculated to create the variable "client outcome." In order to test the research hypotheses, 70 master's level counseling students completed both the Five Factor Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle and the Outcome Questionnaire. These scores were then matched with master's level counseling students' client delta scores, which created the dependent variable. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated no statistically significant relationship; therefore the null hypotheses were accepted as the constructs student counselor wellness and client outcomes were not related. Results of the study were summarized and discussed, limitations of the study were explored and recommendations for future research were proposed.
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Date Issued
2007
Identifier
CFE0001557, ucf:47129
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001557
The Client Assessment of Multicultural Competent Behavior (CAMCB): Development and Validation.
Title
The Client Assessment of Multicultural Competent Behavior (CAMCB): Development and Validation.
Creator
Oh, Seungbin, Shillingford-Butler, Ann, Lambie, Glenn, Taylor, Dalena, Witta, Eleanor, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The significance of multicultural counseling competence (MCC) has been increasingly recognized in the literature on mental health. Cultural diversification in the United States has prompted greater research in specialized mental health needs among diverse populations. However, despite the specialized mental health needs, diverse cultural groups have faced challenges in finding multiculturally competent mental health services. Accordingly, mental health professions have placed a greater...
Show moreThe significance of multicultural counseling competence (MCC) has been increasingly recognized in the literature on mental health. Cultural diversification in the United States has prompted greater research in specialized mental health needs among diverse populations. However, despite the specialized mental health needs, diverse cultural groups have faced challenges in finding multiculturally competent mental health services. Accordingly, mental health professions have placed a greater emphasis on the development of therapists' MCC through the training and education, but also made ongoing efforts to integrate MCC into evidenced-based treatment. However, the mental health professions have faced difficulty in exploring evidence for the validity of MCC in therapy, due to a measurement concern regarding MCC. Specifically, such measurement concern in the MCC literature is involved with the fact that there has not existed a client-rated instrument designed to measure therapists' actual MCC performance (i.e., multicultural competent behaviors) in therapeutic process. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop the Client Assessment of Multicultural Competent Behavior (CAMCB) and examine its psychometric properties with a sample of clients.With a correlational research design, the present study involved two phases (Phase I and II) with a sample of diverse clients to inform the development and validation investigation of the CAMCB. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 280) with the initial pool of 30 items resulted in a three-factor, 23-item CAMCB model. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 282) was performed to cross-verify the three-factor, 23-item structure of the CAMCB (as identified from EFA) and accumulate evidence of its psychometric properties. CFA resulted in a final three-factor, 19-item CAMCB model with an acceptable model fit. The final CAMCB was found to have good internal consistency reliability and initial evidence for convergent validity with the current data. Lastly, results from a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated small but significant difference in the CAMCB total or subscale scores by some subgroups (e.g., race, gender, religion). Discussion of results, limitations of the present study, recommendations for future research, and implications for mental health professionals, researchers, and educators are provided.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007582, ucf:52566
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007582
Development and Validation of the Client Ratings of Counselor Competence: Applying the Rasch Measurement Model
Title
Development and Validation of the Client Ratings of Counselor Competence: Applying the Rasch Measurement Model.
Creator
Jo, Hang, Jones, Dayle, Robinson, Edward, Hundley, Gulnora, Bai, Haiyan, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
An important part of becoming a counselor is developing strong counselor competence, particularly for counselors-in-training. Thus, the main goal in counselor education is to develop students' competence to be capable to practice as a professional counselor. Assessing the competence of counselors-in-training remains the primary focus in counselor education and supervision (Bernard (&) Goodyear, 2014; McAuliffe (&) Eriksen, 2011; Swank (&) Lambie, 2012). There have been various attempts to...
Show moreAn important part of becoming a counselor is developing strong counselor competence, particularly for counselors-in-training. Thus, the main goal in counselor education is to develop students' competence to be capable to practice as a professional counselor. Assessing the competence of counselors-in-training remains the primary focus in counselor education and supervision (Bernard (&) Goodyear, 2014; McAuliffe (&) Eriksen, 2011; Swank (&) Lambie, 2012). There have been various attempts to measure the true construct of counselor competence (e.g., Hughes, 2014; Swank, Lambie, (&) Witta, 2012; Urbani, Smith et al., 2002). Those attempts tried to involve diverse voices around counselor competence in more comprehensive ways. Although there are numerous measures assessing supervisor ratings of counselor competence, there is still a lack of clients' voice in assessing counselor competence and performance in counselor education literature. In particular, there has been a deficit of direct measures to assess counselor competence by clients (Tate et al., 2014). Therefore, a new client-rated scale of counselor competence is required to provide invaluable information for enhancing a counselor's own professional competence as well as the quality of counselor preparation programs. The purpose of this study is to assess the psychometric properties using a Rasch model on a newly developed client-rated scale of counselor competence, named Client Ratings of Counselor Competence (CRCC). For this purpose of this study, the CRCC was developed, following the procedures for a scale development that the Rasch measurement model proposed. The development process consisted of (a) defining hierarchical attributes of what to measure, (b) generating a pool of items corresponding to the defined attributes, (c) determining the scale-type of measurement, (d) expert reviewing, (f) conducting a field test to a research sample, (g) evaluating the items using Rasch analysis, and (h) determining the final scale. Specifically, the initial pool of 85 items was generated and reduced to 36 items through expert review and a pilot test. The participants in this study were 84 adult clients who received counseling service from counselor trainees in a community counseling center. This study investigated diverse aspects of validity in the 36-item CRCC using the Rasch model, following the guideline by Wolfe and Smith (2007). In specific, content evidence, substantive evidence, structural evidence, generalizability, and interpretability evidence were investigated with the results of the Rasch analysis. The result showed that negatively worded items were commonly misfitted to the model. The rating scale analysis result showed that a 3-point rating scale format could be more appropriate than the current 4-point scale. In addition, the investigation of item difficulty hierarchy perceived by clients were mostly consistent with the assumed hierarchical structure in the test specification, empirically supporting microskills hierarchy (Ivey et al., 2013). The dimensionality analysis result showed the presence of possible additional dimension in the current CRCC. The reliability level of CRCC was acceptable as well as some bad items functioning differently across gender were detected with the DIF analysis. Additionally, the practicum level counselors-in-training in this study showed higher level of competence above the level that the current CRCC items could measure. Lastly, implications of the study, limitations, and future research were discussed. Some implications of the findings include: (a) the use of the Rasch model to assess the psychometric properties of the CRCC scale can make the developing instrument more valid and reliable, overcoming the major weakness of the classical test theory; (b) item difficulty level in the Rasch analysis can be a useful tool to empirically demonstrate whether a theoretical concept or model, especially with hierarchical or developmental structure, exists with real data; (c) the item-person map in the Rasch model can provide useful information for evaluating the instruments as well as interpreting the test scores; and (d) after more revisions and further validation studies, the CRCC could be utilized as additional assessment when counselor educators want to assess whether the trainees develop the competence above the expected level, especially from clients' perspective.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006466, ucf:51419
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006466
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BASIC SKILLS PROFICIENCY OF COUNSELOR EDUCATION MASTER'S LEVEL STUDENTS AND CLIENT OUTCOME
Title
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BASIC SKILLS PROFICIENCY OF COUNSELOR EDUCATION MASTER'S LEVEL STUDENTS AND CLIENT OUTCOME.
Creator
Welsh, Lorie, Robinson, Edward, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
A review of literature on the history of psychology and counseling revealed a limited amount of research on counselor education training programs, specifically basic skills versus client outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between counselor educator student's basic skills and the effects these skills had on client outcome. By way of a multiple regression, two independent variables, the Global Scale for Rating Helper Responses (GSRR) and the Counselor...
Show moreA review of literature on the history of psychology and counseling revealed a limited amount of research on counselor education training programs, specifically basic skills versus client outcome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between counselor educator student's basic skills and the effects these skills had on client outcome. By way of a multiple regression, two independent variables, the Global Scale for Rating Helper Responses (GSRR) and the Counselor Skills and Professional Behavior Scale (CSPBS) were analyzed in relation to the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2). Results indicated that there was no statistical significance between basic skills and client outcome.
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Date Issued
2007
Identifier
CFE0001549, ucf:47126
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001549
PREDICTING CLIENT OUTCOMES USING COUNSELOR TRAINEE LEVELS OF EGO DEVELOPMENT AND ALTRUISTIC CARING
Title
PREDICTING CLIENT OUTCOMES USING COUNSELOR TRAINEE LEVELS OF EGO DEVELOPMENT AND ALTRUISTIC CARING.
Creator
Hutchinson, Tracy, Young, Mark, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Research suggests that counselor educators continue to debate whether general personality characteristics, relationship building skills, or other knowledge or skills are important in selecting the most effective counselors (Crews et al., 2005). Further, counselor educators continue to rely on measures that have limited ability to predict counseling competence or success in graduate programs. Such measures include GRE and GPA scores along with heavy reliance on the personal interview that is...
Show moreResearch suggests that counselor educators continue to debate whether general personality characteristics, relationship building skills, or other knowledge or skills are important in selecting the most effective counselors (Crews et al., 2005). Further, counselor educators continue to rely on measures that have limited ability to predict counseling competence or success in graduate programs. Such measures include GRE and GPA scores along with heavy reliance on the personal interview that is well-known for bias. Moreover, research supports that there is a need for assessments that will assist in determining the most effective counselors and emphasize the importance of measuring those characteristics that have a solid empirical link to client outcomes. The purpose of this study was to bridge the gap in the literature and to measure counselor characteristics that have are grounded in current outcome literature. Outcome research has suggested that counselor empathy is one of the strongest predictors of client outcome. Therefore, two constructs were explored in this study that are linked to empathy: Loevinger's (1976) Theory of Ego Development and Altruistic Caring as measured by the Heintzelman Inventory (Robinson, Kuch, & Swank, 2010). The sample consisted of 81 graduate-level counselor trainees in their first or second semester of practicum at a large South Eastern university. Results revealed no statistically significant relationship between variables. However, further exploratory analysis yielded a statistically significant relationship between a component of altruistic caring, specifically early career choice in the counseling field (4.1% of the variance explained), and client outcome. Implications for counselor educators are presented along with areas for future research.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0003588, ucf:48907
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003588
Client Outcome: An Exploratory Investigation of Multicultural Competence and the Working Alliance
Title
Client Outcome: An Exploratory Investigation of Multicultural Competence and the Working Alliance.
Creator
Gonzalez, Jessica, Barden, Sejal, Lambie, Glenn, Butler, S. Kent, Bai, Haiyan, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Early termination and low retention of clients is a common problem in counseling, with between 65%-80% of clients terminating treatment before the 10th session (Garfield, 1994; Lambert, 2013). Researchers (Lampropoulous, Schneider, (&) Spengler, 2009; Owen, Smith, (&) Rodolfa, 2009) have found that predictors of early termination include client age, race, socioeconomic status, and level of perceived distress. Furthermore, racial and ethnic minorities underutilize mental health services and...
Show moreEarly termination and low retention of clients is a common problem in counseling, with between 65%-80% of clients terminating treatment before the 10th session (Garfield, 1994; Lambert, 2013). Researchers (Lampropoulous, Schneider, (&) Spengler, 2009; Owen, Smith, (&) Rodolfa, 2009) have found that predictors of early termination include client age, race, socioeconomic status, and level of perceived distress. Furthermore, racial and ethnic minorities underutilize mental health services and have low retention when engaged in services, highlighting the need for counseling professionals to empirically explore factors that may be contributing to client engagement of the counseling process. Exploration of multicultural competence and working alliances may increase understanding of the therapeutic factors that influence client outcomes. The purpose of this research study was to investigate relationships between multicultural competence, working alliance, and client outcomes as perceived by counselors-in-training and their clients (N = 191; n = 72 counselors'-in-training, n = 119 clients). The Tripartite Model of Multicultural Counseling (Arredondo et al., 1996) was used as the primary theoretical framework in which the study is grounded. This investigation explored clients' perceptions of their counselors'-in-training ' multicultural competence as measured by the Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory ([CCCI-R]; LaFromboise, Coleman, (&) Hernandez, 1991), the working alliance as measured by the Working Alliance Inventory- Short Revision ([WAI-S]; Horvath (&) Greenberg, 1989; Tracey (&) Kovocivic, 1989) and prediction on client outcome as measured by the Outcome Questionnaire 45.2 ([OQ 45.2]; Lambert (&) Burlingame, 1996), after controlling for social desirability (as measured by the (Social Desirability Scale-Short Form [SDS; Reynolds,1982]). This investigation also examined if there were any differences in clients' and counselors'-in-training perceptions on multicultural competence (as measured by the CCCI-R) or the working alliance (as measured by the WAI-S). Results from the investigation indicated that counselors'-in-training perceptions of their multicultural competence was a predictor of client outcomes. However, counselors'-in-training perceptions of the working alliance or clients' perceptions of their counselors'-in-training multicultural competence and the working alliance were not predictors of client outcomes. Positive relationships between clients' and counselors'-in-training perceptions of counselors'-in-training multicultural competence and the working alliance were found. The results of this investigation contribute to a gap in the counseling literature on multicultural competence, the working alliance, and client outcomes. A review of the literature on the constructs of interest, research methodology, data analysis, results and implications are discussed.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005622, ucf:50219
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005622
YOU'VE GOT MAIL: THE STUDY OF THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE AND THE USE OF ELECTRONIC MAIL
Title
YOU'VE GOT MAIL: THE STUDY OF THE ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE AND THE USE OF ELECTRONIC MAIL.
Creator
McConnell, Justin, Cook, Kathy, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The prolific use of the internet and electronic mail within the legal profession presents novel challenges to the application of the attorney-client privilege; especially, in regards to protecting intended confidential communications relayed through e-mail. This thesis addresses the question of whether an attorney in Florida, through electronic mail use, can waive his client's right to the protections of the attorney-client privilege. After a review of current case law, law review articles,...
Show moreThe prolific use of the internet and electronic mail within the legal profession presents novel challenges to the application of the attorney-client privilege; especially, in regards to protecting intended confidential communications relayed through e-mail. This thesis addresses the question of whether an attorney in Florida, through electronic mail use, can waive his client's right to the protections of the attorney-client privilege. After a review of current case law, law review articles, statutes, and texts, this thesis concluded that an attorney's communication through e-mail warrants a reasonable expectation of privacy, permitting the attorney to speak in reasonable confidence to clients through the web. However, attorneys, ethically, should consider the strong repercussions for using such a potentially transparent medium for communication. By examining the relationship between current law, the application of the attorney-client privilege, and a reasonable expectation of privacy, this study provides a comprehensive analysis for attorneys concerned with electronic mail usage. Lastly, this thesis provides attorneys with best practices for their electronic mail communications.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFH0003832, ucf:44756
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0003832
THE EFFECT OF BRIEF TRAINING IN MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING ON CLIENT OUTCOMES AND TRAINEE SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Title
THE EFFECT OF BRIEF TRAINING IN MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING ON CLIENT OUTCOMES AND TRAINEE SKILL DEVELOPMENT.
Creator
Young, Tabitha, Hagedorn, Bryce, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based practice that focuses on working through client ambivalence and increasing clientsÂÂ' motivation to change. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect that a unique student-based training in MI had on counselor traineesÂÂ' ability to perform MI, and on client outcomes. This training program consisted of one initial four-hour training session, two hours of follow-up supervision, and...
Show moreMotivational Interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based practice that focuses on working through client ambivalence and increasing clientsÂÂ' motivation to change. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect that a unique student-based training in MI had on counselor traineesÂÂ' ability to perform MI, and on client outcomes. This training program consisted of one initial four-hour training session, two hours of follow-up supervision, and formal feedback via MITI 3.0 scores. Counselor-trainee skill was assessed via the MI Knowledge Questionnaire, the Helping Responses questionnaire, and the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity code 3.0. In addition, the following instruments were used to assess client outcomes ; attendance via observation assessments, the Session Summary, the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2, and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 43 graduate-level counselor trainees in their first or second semesters of practicum and 81 adult clients being seen in a university-based graduate student-training counseling clinic. Participants were purposefully assigned to either a treatment or control group. The counselor trainees in the treatment group received the unique training program, follow-up supervision, and feedback whereas the participants in the control group received a four-hour orientation to the student-training counseling clinic. There were four primary hypotheses proposed for analysis within this study (a) How does a brief training in Motivational Interviewing given to counselor trainees affect their ability to accurately perform MI?, (b) How does a brief training in Motivational Interviewing given to counselor trainees affect client functioning?, (c) How does a brief training in Motivational Interviewing given to counselor trainees affect client adherence?, and (d) How does a brief training in Motivational Interviewing given to counselor trainees affect client satisfaction with treatment? The statistical analysis of these variables yielded significant findings. Specifically, counselor-trainee skill in MI significantly improved in the treatment group as compared to the control group as assessed by the MITI with regard to the following variables: evocation, collaboration, autonomy/support, empathy, direction, MI non-adherent giving information, closed questions, simple reflections, complex reflections, total reflections, global scores, ratio of open questions, ratio of reflections, and ratio of MI adherent behavior. In addition, analysis revealed significant between group differences with client attendance. Specifically, between group-differences suggested that clients in the MI treatment group attended more sessions, missed fewer sessions, and completed therapy more frequently than clients in the control group. Detailed procedures and results as well as implications for the counseling profession and future research are explored within this study.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003054, ucf:48361
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003054
Masquerading Techniques in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks
Title
Masquerading Techniques in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks.
Creator
Nakhila, Omar, Zou, Changchun, Turgut, Damla, Bassiouni, Mostafa, Chatterjee, Mainak, Wang, Chung-Ching, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The airborne nature of wireless transmission offers a potential target for attackers to compromise IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). In this dissertation, we explore the current WLAN security threats and their corresponding defense solutions. In our study, we divide WLAN vulnerabilities into two aspects, client, and administrator. The client-side vulnerability investigation is based on examining the Evil Twin Attack (ETA) while our administrator side research targets Wi-Fi...
Show moreThe airborne nature of wireless transmission offers a potential target for attackers to compromise IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). In this dissertation, we explore the current WLAN security threats and their corresponding defense solutions. In our study, we divide WLAN vulnerabilities into two aspects, client, and administrator. The client-side vulnerability investigation is based on examining the Evil Twin Attack (ETA) while our administrator side research targets Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2). Three novel techniques have been presented to detect ETA. The detection methods are based on (1) creating a secure connection to a remote server to detect the change of gateway's public IP address by switching from one Access Point (AP) to another. (2) Monitoring multiple Wi-Fi channels in a random order looking for specific data packets sent by the remote server. (3) Merging the previous solutions into one universal ETA detection method using Virtual Wireless Clients (VWCs). On the other hand, we present a new vulnerability that allows an attacker to force the victim's smartphone to consume data through the cellular network by starting the data download on the victim's cell phone without the victim's permission. A new scheme has been developed to speed up the active dictionary attack intensity on WPA2 based on two novel ideas. First, the scheme connects multiple VWCs to the AP at the same time-each VWC has its own spoofed MAC address. Second, each of the VWCs could try many passphrases using single wireless session. Furthermore, we present a new technique to avoid bandwidth limitation imposed by Wi-Fi hotspots. The proposed method creates multiple VWCs to access the WLAN. The combination of the individual bandwidth of each VWC results in an increase of the total bandwidth gained by the attacker. All proposal techniques have been implemented and evaluated in real-life scenarios.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007063, ucf:51979
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007063