View All Items

Title: ATTAINABLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVING SYSTEMS.
Creator: Mulligan, Ann Marie, Chopra, Manoj, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The pervious concrete system and its corresponding strength are as important as its permeability characteristics. The strength of the system not only relies on the compressive strength of the pervious concrete but also on the strength of the soil beneath it for support. Previous studies indicate that pervious concrete has lower compressive strength capabilities than conventional concrete and will only support light traffic loadings. This thesis investigated prior studies on the compressive...
Show moreThe pervious concrete system and its corresponding strength are as important as its permeability characteristics. The strength of the system not only relies on the compressive strength of the pervious concrete but also on the strength of the soil beneath it for support. Previous studies indicate that pervious concrete has lower compressive strength capabilities than conventional concrete and will only support light traffic loadings. This thesis investigated prior studies on the compressive strength on pervious concrete as it relates to water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, aggregate size, and compaction and compare those results with results obtained in laboratory experiments conducted on samples of pervious concrete cylinders created for this purpose. The loadings and types of vehicles these systems can withstand will also be examined as well as the design of appropriate thickness levels for the pavement. Since voids are supposed to reduce the strength of concrete 1% for every 5% voids(Klieger, 2003), the goal is to find a balance between water, aggregate, and cement in order to increase strength and permeability, two characteristics which tend to counteract one another. In this study, also determined are appropriate traffic loads and volumes so that the pervious concrete is able to maintain its structural integrity. The end result of this research will be a recommendation as to the water-cement ratio, the aggregate-cement ratio, aggregate size, and compaction necessary to maximize compressive strength without having detrimental effects on the permeability of the pervious concrete system. This research confirms that pervious concrete does in fact provide a lower compressive strength than that of conventional concrete; compressive strengths in acceptable mixtures only reached 1700 psi. Extremely high permeability rates were achieved in most all mixtures regardless of the compressive strength. Analysis of traffic loadings reinforce the fact that pervious concrete cannot be subjected to large numbers of heavy vehicle loadings over time although pervious concrete would be able to sustain low volumes of heavy loads if designed properly. Calculations of pavement thickness levels indicate these levels are dependent on the compressive strength of the concrete, the quality of the subgrade beneath the pavement, as well as vehicle volumes and loadings.
Show less
Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000634, ucf:46539
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000634

Title: EFFECTS OF FIBER AND LITHIUM ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE MADE FROMRECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE.
Creator: Eskander, Ashraf, Kuo, Shiou-San, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The growing demand of construction aggregates has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregates. Over two billion tons of natural aggregate are produced each year in the United States and that number is expected to increase to 2.5 billion tons by 2020. This has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregate. Discarding demolished concrete into landfills is a costly solution from an economical and environmental point of view. Many U.S. highway agencies are re-using...
Show moreThe growing demand of construction aggregates has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregates. Over two billion tons of natural aggregate are produced each year in the United States and that number is expected to increase to 2.5 billion tons by 2020. This has raised concern about the availability of natural aggregate. Discarding demolished concrete into landfills is a costly solution from an economical and environmental point of view. Many U.S. highway agencies are re-using Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) as construction material. The use of fiber reinforcement in Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) has recently become a popular option in concrete construction because of its influence on preventing segregation, reducing early shrinkage cracks and increasing residual load capacity. Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) is a major problem in concrete, especially when using RCA, causing concrete expansion and cracks. Recently lithium has been found to reduce expansion due to ASR. This thesis will investigate the effect, of fibers soaked in lithium nitrate on the mechanical properties of RCA.
Show less
Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001296, ucf:46878
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001296

Title: PERVIOUS CONCRETE: A HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CREDIT.
Creator: Spence, Joshua, Wanielista, Martin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Portland Cement pervious concrete's ability to permit water infiltration has encouraged its use as a stormwater management tool. However, the material has suffered historically poor support due to a number of factors, including failures due to poor mix design and improper construction techniques, concern about lesser structural strength, concern about poor long term performance due to clogging of surface pores and undefined credit for stormwater management. This study focuses on long term...
Show morePortland Cement pervious concrete's ability to permit water infiltration has encouraged its use as a stormwater management tool. However, the material has suffered historically poor support due to a number of factors, including failures due to poor mix design and improper construction techniques, concern about lesser structural strength, concern about poor long term performance due to clogging of surface pores and undefined credit for stormwater management. This study focuses on long term performances of pervious concrete parking lots and their stormwater management credit. Before stormwater management credit could be estimated, it was necessary to develop a testing device to gather information from existing pervious concrete parking lots currently in use. Eight parking lots were examined to determine the infiltration rates of the pervious concrete, as well as to verify the soil makeup beneath pavement. A total of 30 cores were extracted from pervious concrete parking lots and evaluated for infiltration rates. Three of the sites had a pervious concrete section that included a gravel reservoir. Infiltration rates were measured using the application of an embedded single-ring infiltrometer. In an attempt to provide an estimate of credit, a mass balance model was created to be used for simulation of the hydrologic and hydraulic function of pervious concrete sections. The purpose of the model is to predict runoff and recharge volumes for different rainfall conditions and hydraulic properties of the concrete and the soil. The field derived hydraulic data were used to simulate infiltration volumes and rainfall excess given a year of rainfall as used in a mass balance operated within a spreadsheet. The results can be used for assessing stormwater management credit.
Show less
Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001292, ucf:46883
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001292

Title: CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT.
Creator: Ballock, Craig, Chopra, Manoj, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the clogging potential of installed pervious concrete systems, to analyze rehabilitation techniques and develop construction specifications for the construction of portland cement pervious concrete specific to the state of Florida. Currently, a consistent statewide policy has not been established in reference to credit for storage volume within the voids in pervious concrete and the coarse aggregate base. For this reason a current and updated...
Show moreThe primary objective of this study is to evaluate the clogging potential of installed pervious concrete systems, to analyze rehabilitation techniques and develop construction specifications for the construction of portland cement pervious concrete specific to the state of Florida. Currently, a consistent statewide policy has not been established in reference to credit for storage volume within the voids in pervious concrete and the coarse aggregate base. For this reason a current and updated assessment of pervious pavement is needed to benefit from the advantages of pervious pavement use in low traffic volume areas. Initially by modeling a pervious concrete system in a field laboratory with test cells of typical Florida soil conditions and groundwater elevations and combining these data with field data from multiple sites of long service life, a Florida specific construction methodology has been developed. It is hoped that by developing a more standardized design criteria for pervious pavements in Florida a statewide acceptance of portland cement pervious pavement can be achieved and credit can be earned based on the volume of stored stormwater. This study of field sites was subsequently expanded to include locations in the southeastern United States. Pervious concrete has suffered historically poor support due to a number of factors, including concern about poor long term performance due to clogging of surface pores. Eight existing parking lots were evaluated to determine the infiltration rates of pervious concrete systems that have had relatively no maintenance. Infiltration rates were measured using an embedded single-ring infiltrometer developed specifically for testing pervious concrete in an in-situ state. The average infiltration rates of the pervious concrete that was properly constructed at the investigated sites ranged from 0.4 to 227.2 inches per hour. A total of 30 pervious concrete cores were extracted and evaluated for infiltration rates after various rehabilitation techniques, including pressure washing, vacuum sweeping and a combination of the two methods, have been performed to rehabilitate the infiltration capability of the concrete. By evaluating the effectiveness of these rehabilitation techniques, recommendations have been developed for a maintenance schedule for pervious concrete installations. In most cases it was found that the three methods of maintenance investigated in this study typically resulted in a 200% or greater increase over the original infiltration rates of the pervious concrete cores. It is therefore recommended that as a general rule of thumb one or a combination of these rejuvenation techniques should be performed when the system infiltration rates are below 1.5 inches per hour to maintain the infiltration capability of pervious concrete pavements.
Show less
Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: CFE0001691, ucf:47200
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001691

Title: TWO DIMENSIONAL LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF POST-TENSIONED BEAMS WITH EMBEDDED ELEMENTS USING MATLAB.
Creator: Hutchinson, Rodolfo, Onyemelukwe, Okey, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The objective of this research project was to create a Finite Element Routine for the Linear Analysis of Post-Tensioned beams using the program CALFEM® [20] developed at the division of Structural Mechanics in Lund University, Sweden. The program CALFEM and our own made files were written in MATLAB, an easy to learn and user-friendly computer language. The approach used in this thesis for analyzing the composite beam consists in embedding the steel tendons at the exact location where they...
Show moreThe objective of this research project was to create a Finite Element Routine for the Linear Analysis of Post-Tensioned beams using the program CALFEM® [20] developed at the division of Structural Mechanics in Lund University, Sweden. The program CALFEM and our own made files were written in MATLAB, an easy to learn and user-friendly computer language. The approach used in this thesis for analyzing the composite beam consists in embedding the steel tendons at the exact location where they intersect the concrete parent elements, without moving the concrete parent element nodes. The steel tendons are represented as one dimensional bar elements inserted into the concrete parent elements, which at the same time are represented as 8 node Iso-parametric plane elements. The theory presented in Ref. [4] served as basis for the modeling of the post-tensioned beams; however it only explained the procedure for modeling simple reinforced concrete beams, due to this we needed to make the appropriate adjustments so we could model post-tensioned beams. Assembly of the tendon stiffness into the concrete elements will depend on the bond interface between the steel and concrete, this bonding effect will be modeled using link elements; the stiffness of this link element used in the concrete-tendon interface will be the change in cohesion (between the grout or duct and the steel tendon) at the interface due to the relative slip between the concrete and the steel elements nodes. Loads (Distributed, Concentrated or Post-Tensioning) are applied directly into the concrete parent elements, and then from their resultant displacement the displacements and forces of all the steel tendon elements are obtained, this is done consecutively for all the post-tensioned tendons at every load increment. Four examples from different references and software programs are solved and compared with our results: (1) A simply reinforced cantilever plate. (2) A reinforced concrete beam, under the effect of a vertical concentrated load at mid-span. For this problem the force distribution along the steel reinforcement is obtained for two conditions, perfectly bonded and perfectly un-bonded, our results are compared with the ones obtained with the program SEGNID. (3) Consists of a continuous un-bonded post-tensioned beam with two spans, without stress losses on the tendon. The reactions at the supports and the concrete stress distribution at the location of the mid-support are obtained after the post-tensioning force is applied at both ends. (4) Consist on a un-bonded post-tensioned beam with stress losses on the tendons due to friction, wobbling and anchorage loss, under gradual loading and consecutive post-tensioning of two tendons, the results are compared with the ones reported using the program BEFE [5] developed at the University of Technology Graz, Austria. The results obtained using our program are very similar to the ones obtained with the other programs, including the more powerful curved embedded approach used by BEFE [5].
Show less
Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: CFE0000256, ucf:46227
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000256

Title: HYDROLOGIC MASS BALANCE OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT WITH SANDY SOILS.
Creator: Kunzen, Thomas, Chopra, Manoj, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Use of pervious concrete pavement as a method of stormwater management has shown great promise in previous studies. Reduction in runoff, water quality improvements, and long-term economic benefits are but a few of its many advantages. Regulatory agencies such as the St. Johns River Water Management District require further research into the performance of pervious concrete pavement before granting credits for its use as a best management practice in controlling stormwater. As a part of a...
Show moreUse of pervious concrete pavement as a method of stormwater management has shown great promise in previous studies. Reduction in runoff, water quality improvements, and long-term economic benefits are but a few of its many advantages. Regulatory agencies such as the St. Johns River Water Management District require further research into the performance of pervious concrete pavement before granting credits for its use as a best management practice in controlling stormwater. As a part of a larger series of studies by UCF's Stormwater Management Academy, this thesis studies the hydrologic mass balance of pervious concrete pavement in sandy soil common in Florida. In order to conduct this study, a field experiment was constructed at the UCF Stormwater Field Lab. The experiment consisted of three 4-foot tall cylindrical polyethylene tanks with 30-inch diameters. All three tanks were placed into the side of a small embankment and fitted with outlet piping and piezometers. The test tanks were assembled by laying a 6-inch layer of gravel into the bottom of each tank, followed by a layer of Mirafi geofabric, followed by several feet of fine sand into which soil moisture probes were laid at varying depths. Two of the tanks were surfaced with 6-inch layers of portland cement pervious concrete, while the third tank was left with a bare sand surface. Mass balance was calculated by measuring moisture influx and storage in the soil mass. Data collection was divided into three phases. The first phase ran from August to November 2005. Moisture input consisted of normal outdoor rainfall that was measured by a nearby rain gauge, and storage was calculated by dividing the soil mass into zones governed by soil moisture probes. The second phase ran for two weeks in March 2006. Moisture input consisted of water manually poured onto the top of each tank in controlled volumes, and storage was calculated by using probe readings to create regression trendlines for soil moisture profiles. The third phase followed the procedure identical to the second phase and was conducted in the middle of April 2006. Data tabulation in this study faced several challenges, such as nonfunctional periods of time or complete malfunction of essential measuring equipment, flaws in the method of calculating storage in phase one of the experiment, and want of more data points to construct regression trendlines for soil moisture calculation in phases two and three of the experiment. However, the data in all phases of the experiment show that evaporation volume of the tanks with pervious concrete surfacing was nearly twice that of the tank with no concrete. Subsequent infiltration experiments showed that pervious concrete pavement is capable of retaining a portion of precipitation volume, reducing infiltration into the underlying soil and increasing total evaporation in the system.
Show less
Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001162, ucf:46846
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001162

Title: Use of Accelerated Calcite Precipitation Method to Investigate Calcium Carbonate Precipitation from Recycled Concrete for Drainage System Applications.
Creator: McCulloch, Toni, Nam, Boo Hyun, Chopra, Manoj, Arboleda Monsalve, Luis, An, Jin Woo, Filler, Dennis, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is a sustainable construction material that is a viable option for use in drainage systems by replacing virgin aggregate. Replacing virgin aggregate with RCA is beneficial from both economic and environmental perspectives. However, the use of RCA as pipe backfill materials may cause a long-term performance issue such as potential clogging due to fines accumulation and calcite precipitation on filter fabric. Previous studies investigated the long-term...
Show moreRecycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is a sustainable construction material that is a viable option for use in drainage systems by replacing virgin aggregate. Replacing virgin aggregate with RCA is beneficial from both economic and environmental perspectives. However, the use of RCA as pipe backfill materials may cause a long-term performance issue such as potential clogging due to fines accumulation and calcite precipitation on filter fabric. Previous studies investigated the long-term performance of RCA regarding flow rate. Therefore, this study investigated calcite precipitation potential of RCA. The Accelerated Calcite Precipitation (ACP) procedure was devised and used to estimate (")life-time(") calcite precipitation of RCA for French Drains. The ACP procedure was studied further and improved to optimize the calcite precipitation procedure. The enhanced method was used to compare the calcite precipitation of limestone and RCA samples - sources with varying chemistry and history. Key findings are (1) the clogging due to calcite precipitation of RCA is not as significant as clogging due to the existing and/or accumulated fines, (2) the calcite precipitation can be increased with a temperature of 75(&)deg;C and 17-hour heating time, and (3) the potential for calcite precipitation from RCA is not as significant as limestone for Type I underdrain gradation.
Show less
Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007321, ucf:52132
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007321

Title: ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE IN BRIDGE DECKAPPLICATIONS.
Creator: Xia, Jun, Mackie, Kevin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The research presented in this dissertation focuses on the material characterization of ultrahigh performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The macroscopic mechanical properties of this material are highly related to the orientation of the steel fibers distributed within the matrix. However, the fiber orientation distribution has been confirmed to be anisotropic based on the flow-casting process. The orientation factor and probability...
Show moreThe research presented in this dissertation focuses on the material characterization of ultrahigh performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The macroscopic mechanical properties of this material are highly related to the orientation of the steel fibers distributed within the matrix. However, the fiber orientation distribution has been confirmed to be anisotropic based on the flow-casting process. The orientation factor and probability density function (PDF) of the crossing fiber (fibers crossing a cutting plane) orientation was obtained based on theoretical derivations and numerical simulations with respect to different levels of anisotropy and cut planes oriented arbitrarily in space. The level of anisotropy can be calibrated based on image analysis on cut sections from hardened UHP-FRC prisms. Simplified equations provide a framework to predict the mechanical properties based on a single fiber-matrix interaction rule selected from existing theoretical models. Along with the investigation of the impacts from different curing methods and available post-cracking models, a versatile parameterized uniaxial stress-strain constitutive model was developed and calibrated. The constitutive model was implemented in a finite element analysis software program, and the program was utilized in the preliminary design of moveable bridge deck panels made of passively reinforced UHP-FRC. This deck system was among the several alternatives to replace the problematic steel grid decks currently in use. Based on experimental investigations of the deck panels, failure occurred largely in shear rather than flexure during bending tests. However, this shear failure is not abrupt and usually involves large deformation, large sectional rotation, and wide shear cracks before loss of load-carrying capacity. This particular shear failure mode observed was further investigated numerically and experimentally. Three-dimensional FEM models with the ability to reflect the interaction between rebar and concrete were created in a commercial FEM software to investigate the load transfer mechanism before and after bond failure. Small-scale passively reinforced prisms were tested to verify the conclusions drawn from simulation results. In an effort to improve the original design, several shear-strengthened deck panels were tested and evaluated for effectiveness. Finally, methods and equations to predict the ultimate shear capacity were calibrated. A two-dimensional frame element based complete moveable bridge finite element model was built for observation of bridge system performance. The model contained the option to substitute any available deck system based on a subset of pre-calibrated parameters specific to each deck type. These alternative deck systems include an aluminum bridge deck system and a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) deck system. All three alternatives and the original steel grid deck system were evaluated based on the global responses of the moveable bridge, and the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the UHP-FRC deck system are quantified.
Show less
Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0003721, ucf:48803
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003721

Title: Role of Force Resultants Interaction on Fiber Reinforced Concrete.
Creator: Chan, Titchenda, Mackie, Kevin, Catbas, Necati, Makris, Nicos, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a recently developed concrete gaining a lot of interest worldwide, and a lot research has been conducted to determine its material properties. UHPC is known for its very high strength and high durability. Association Francaise de Genie Civil (AFGC) has defined UHPC as a concrete exhibiting compressive strength greater than 150 MPa (22 ksi). To utilize the full compressive strength of UHPC, complementary tension reinforcement is required. A recent...
Show moreUltra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a recently developed concrete gaining a lot of interest worldwide, and a lot research has been conducted to determine its material properties. UHPC is known for its very high strength and high durability. Association Francaise de Genie Civil (AFGC) has defined UHPC as a concrete exhibiting compressive strength greater than 150 MPa (22 ksi). To utilize the full compressive strength of UHPC, complementary tension reinforcement is required. A recent research study to find light weight yet high strength alternative deck systems for Florida movable bridges demonstrated that a composite UHPC and high strength steel (HSS) reinforcement deck system is a viable alternative. However, failure modes of the deck system observed during experimental testing were shear failures rather than flexural failures. Interestingly, the shear failures were ductile involving large deformations and large sectional rotations.The purpose of this research is to quantify the sensitivity of UHPC structural member mechanical response to different shear and normal stress demands, and investigate the underlying failure modes. An experimental investigation on small-scale prisms without reinforcement, prisms reinforced with ASTM Grade 60 steel, and prisms reinforced with high strength steel was carried out to capture load-deflection behavior as well as modes of failure of the UHPC specimens. Numerical analysis based on modified compression field theory (MCFT) was developed to verify experimental results at the section level, and further verification using continuum methods was performed using MCFT/DSFM (disturbed stress field method) based finite element analysis software (VecTor2).Results from the numerical analysis could reasonably predict the load-displacement as well as the failure modes of the experimental specimens. Obvious flexural failure was observed on unreinforced UHPC specimens where wide crack opening gradually widened at the bottom fiber of the concrete to the loading position. Whereas UHPC-Grade 60 steel specimens experienced ductile flexural failure with similar wide crack opening after the rebar yielded. On the other hand, UHPC-MMFX specimens largely failed in shear from a diagonal tension crack and crush of concrete top fiber.
Show less
Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: CFE0005471, ucf:50394
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005471

Title: Mechanical Study on Edge-Oxidized Graphene Oxide (EOGO) Reinforced Concrete.
Creator: Khawaji, Mohammad, Nam, Boo Hyun, Chopra, Manoj, Zaurin, Ricardo, Kwok, Kawai, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: It is known that graphene oxide (GO) has superior mechanical properties and can enhance mechanical properties of cement composites. However, Hummer produced conventional GOs have been limited to small-scale specimens (e.g., cement paste and mortar) and applications to concrete have not been implemented due to their high cost and large volume of concrete. Edge-oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO) is a low-cost, carbon-based nanomaterial produced by a mechanochemical process with ball milling and a...
Show moreIt is known that graphene oxide (GO) has superior mechanical properties and can enhance mechanical properties of cement composites. However, Hummer produced conventional GOs have been limited to small-scale specimens (e.g., cement paste and mortar) and applications to concrete have not been implemented due to their high cost and large volume of concrete. Edge-oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO) is a low-cost, carbon-based nanomaterial produced by a mechanochemical process with ball milling and a non-toxic oxidizing agent. The low cost (less than $50/kg) of EOGO enables its use in bulk-scale concrete materials/structures, which is a prerequisite for the field implementation. In this study, EOGO was applied to macroscopic concrete to investigate mechanical and workability performance of EOGO reinforced concrete. Interestingly, it was observed that the addition of EOGO to normal concrete increases concrete slump, which opposes the conventional GO study on cement paste. To maximize the benefits of the improved workability, EOGO was then applied to fiber reinforced concretes (FRCs) to compensate their low workability. Two different types of fibers were used, including basalt and steel fibers. The results indicated that EOGO is not effective in basalt fiber reinforced concrete (BFRC) perhaps due to the high absorption of basalt fibers. However, adding EOGO to steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) exhibited significant enhancement in workability and strength compared with control specimens. Subsequently, the effect of EOGO on flexural fatigue behavior of cement composite mixtures (cement mortar and concrete) was investigated. The flexural fatigue results show that adding EOGO to cement composites enhances flexural fatigue performance. Lastly, the impact of EOGO on pavement structure was investigated based on Mechanistic-Empirical Design Guide (MEPDG). The results show EOGO significantly extends service life and minimizes the required thickness of surface layer.
Show less
Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: CFE0007826, ucf:52821
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007826

Title: EFFECTS OF BEDDING VOID ON INTERNAL MOMENT INCREASE IN CONCRETE PIPES.
Creator: Kazma, Jad, Kuo, Shiou-San, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Large diameter concrete pipes have been used in many areas of central Florida to carry pressured sewage flow. These pipes have been typically located at six feet below finished roadway elevation, and ranges in diameter from thirty six to sixty inches. The water table is typically located at shallow depth below finished roadway elevation, and generally fluctuates between five to ten feet depending on the relative roadway elevation to mean sea level. These pipes are under pressure when carrying...
Show moreLarge diameter concrete pipes have been used in many areas of central Florida to carry pressured sewage flow. These pipes have been typically located at six feet below finished roadway elevation, and ranges in diameter from thirty six to sixty inches. The water table is typically located at shallow depth below finished roadway elevation, and generally fluctuates between five to ten feet depending on the relative roadway elevation to mean sea level. These pipes are under pressure when carrying the sewage flow, but return to normal atmospheric pressures when the flow stops. Since the water table encases most of the pipe circumference, no leaks is developed from the water table to the pipe when the pipe is under pressure. Once the pressure in the pipes returns to zero, the water starts seeping into the pipe while washing the subgrade with it into the pipe's interior. The subgrade washes into the pipe at the joint inverts between adjacent pieces of the pipe, since the invert is where the most tension exists in the joint under the weight of the soil and traffic loading above the pipe, making it the most probable location where a gap in the joint would form. This would cause the origination of a small void under the pipe, which creates pressure redistribution in the subgrade reaction under the pipe. As the void develops in the middle third of the bedding under the invert, pressure redistribution occurs to the outer two thirds of the bedding. As the stress increases in the outer portions of the bedding, more subgrade material is washed into the pipe when it is not under pressure, making the void larger. As the void becomes large, the moment in the pipe is greatly increased, and therefore the gap in the joint is increased due to the tension increase at the bottom of the pipe. More material is allowed into the pipe, and the void becomes deeper as fewer restrictions are encountered between the water table and the empty pipe. As the pipe becomes pressurized, more subgrade material is disturbed by the leak from the inside of the pipe to the outside, and void is constantly generated. The void then leads to the continuous settlement of the roadway. It is intended by this study to model the stresses in the subgrade around the pipe using a finite element software to determine the effects of void in the pipe's bedding on the stress around the pipe's outer perimeter. The stresses calculated as a result of the void will then be used in determining the increase in internal moment created in the pipe as the void is generated and became larger and deeper. Average stresses on the top and bottom of the pipe were calculated due to the soil profile dead load and live load caused by loading the soil profile with one and two HS-20 trucks. The average stresses were recalculated after the addition of void in the pipe bedding. The void width and depth were varied to come up with the case that would generate the highest unbalanced load on the pipe. The average bottom stress was subtracted from the average top stress to determine the unbalanced load on the pipe that would cause an internal moment in the pipe. At the most critical case, a forty kilo pounds per foot moment was caused by the existence of the void under the sixty inch diameter pipe used in the model. Such a moment is large to be resisted by either the pipe alone or the pipe reinforced by an additional structural support, unless such support is accompanied by void decrease and a mean to stop the subgrade from eroding into the pipe.
Show less
Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000365, ucf:46343
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000365

Title: experimental and numerical investigations on bond durability of cfrp strengthened concrete members subjected to environmental exposure.
Creator: Al-Jelawy, Haider, Mackie, Kevin, Gou, Jihua, Chopra, Manoj, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have become an attractive alternative to conventional methods for external-strengthening of civil infrastructure, particularly as applied to flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members. However, durability of the bond between FRP composite and concrete has shown degradation under some aggressive environments. Although numerous studies have been conducted on concrete members strengthened with FRP composites, most of those studies have...
Show moreFiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have become an attractive alternative to conventional methods for external-strengthening of civil infrastructure, particularly as applied to flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members. However, durability of the bond between FRP composite and concrete has shown degradation under some aggressive environments. Although numerous studies have been conducted on concrete members strengthened with FRP composites, most of those studies have focused on the degradation of FRP material itself, relatively few on bond behavior under repeated mechanical and environmental loading.This thesis investigates bond durability under accelerated environmental conditioning of two FRP systems commonly employed in civil infrastructure strengthening: epoxy and polyurethane systems. Five environments were considered under three different conditioning durations (3 months, 6 months, and 1 year). For each conditioning environment and duration (including controls), the following were laboratory tested: concrete cylinders, FRP tensile coupons, and FRP-strengthened concrete flexural members. Numerical investigations were performed using MSC MARC finite element software package to support the outcomes of durability experimental tests. Precise numerical studies need an accurate model for the bond between FRP and concrete, a linear brittle model is proposed in this work that is calibrated based on nonlinear regression of existing experimental lap shear data.Results of tensile tests on FRP coupons indicate that both epoxy and polyurethane FRP systems do not degrade significantly under environmental exposure. However, flexural tests on the FRP strengthened concrete beams indicate that bond between FRP and concrete shows significant degradation, especially for aqueous exposure. Moreover, a protective coating suppresses the measured degradation. Also, experimental load-displacement curves for control beams show excellent agreement with numerical load-displacement curves obtained using the proposed bond model. Finally, a bond-slip model is predicted for concrete leachate conditioned beams by matching load-displacement curves for those beams with numerical load-displacement curves.
Show less
Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004971, ucf:49589
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004971

Title: Evaluating the Use of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in French Drain Applications.
Creator: Behring, Zachary, Nam, Boo Hyun, Chopra, Manoj, Behzadan, Amir, Kim, Jin-Young, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is often used as a replacement of virgin aggregate in road foundations (base course), embankments, hot-mix asphalt, and Portland cement concrete. However, the use of RCA in exfiltration drainage systems, such as French drains, is currently prohibited in many states of the U.S. The French drain system collects water runoff from the road pavement and transfers to slotted pipes underground and then filters through coarse aggregate and geotextile. The primary...
Show moreRecycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is often used as a replacement of virgin aggregate in road foundations (base course), embankments, hot-mix asphalt, and Portland cement concrete. However, the use of RCA in exfiltration drainage systems, such as French drains, is currently prohibited in many states of the U.S. The French drain system collects water runoff from the road pavement and transfers to slotted pipes underground and then filters through coarse aggregate and geotextile. The primary concerns with using RCA as a drainage media are the fines content and the precipitation of calcium carbonate to cause a reducing in filter fabric permittivity. Additional concerns include the potential for rehydration of RCA fines.The performance of RCA as drainage material has not been evaluated by many researchers and the limited information limits its use. A literature review has been conducted on the available information related to RCA as drainage material. A survey was issued to the Departments of Transportation across the nation in regards to using RCA particularly in French drains. Some state highway agencies have reported the use of RCA as base course; however, no state reports the use of RCA in exfiltration drainage systems. This thesis describes the investigations on the performance of RCA as backfill material in French drains.RCA was tested for its physical properties including, specific gravity, unit weight, percent voids, absorption, and abrasion resistance. RCA cleaning/washing methods were also applied to evaluate the fines removal processes. The potential for RCA rehydration was evaluated by means of heat of hydration, pH, compressive strength, and setting time. The permeability of RCA was tested using the No. 4 gradation. Long term permeability testing was conducted to evaluate the tendency for geotextile clogging from RCA fines. Calcium carbonate precipitation was also evaluated and a procedure to accelerate the precipitation process was developed.The results show that RCA has a high abrasion value, that is, it is very susceptible to break down from abrasion during aggregate handling such as transportation, stockpiling, or placing. The most effective cleaning method was found to be pressure washing with agitation. RCA has not demonstrated the tendency to rehydrate and harden when mixed with water. The permeability test results show that the No. 4 gradation does not restrict the flow of water; the flow rate is highly dependent on the hydraulic system itself, however excessive fines can cause large reductions in permeability over time. It has been determined that No. 4 gradation of RCA can provide a suitable drainage media providing the RCA is properly treated before its use.
Show less
Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004974, ucf:49595
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004974

Title: Concrete Painting.
Creator: Cafcules, Stephanie, Burrell, Jason, Reedy, Robert, Hall, Scott, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This thesis explores the evolution of my artwork with synthetic materials through influences of the Minimalist and Process Artists of the 1960's and 1970's, inspiration from natural forms, and my exploration of concrete painting. Each work reveals discoveries of different processes and materials, accelerating the creation of new works. It is my hope this thesis will inform viewers about the process and concepts that my work embodies.
Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: CFE0005140, ucf:50686
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005140

Title: Mechanistic Behavior of UHPC and UHPC Composite Structural Components.
Creator: Al-Ramahee, Munaf, Mackie, Kevin, Makris, Nicos, Nam, Boo Hyun, Gou, Jihua, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The resistance of reinforced concrete is mobilized through the composite action of two materials with different mechanical behaviors and physical features. Enabling the composite action requires a transfer mechanism between the concrete and the reinforcement which is referred to as bond. The bond model can be defined as a traction-slip relation tangent to the interface. The bond strength between different types of concrete, internal reinforcement, and external reinforcement has been of...
Show moreThe resistance of reinforced concrete is mobilized through the composite action of two materials with different mechanical behaviors and physical features. Enabling the composite action requires a transfer mechanism between the concrete and the reinforcement which is referred to as bond. The bond model can be defined as a traction-slip relation tangent to the interface. The bond strength between different types of concrete, internal reinforcement, and external reinforcement has been of interest to structural engineers for decades. Experimental tests have been carried out to validate the existing bond models and introduce new bond models for special cases of concrete or reinforcement. The effect of various parameters on the bond stress, such as bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, presence of fibers, cyclic loading, etc. have been investigated. However, little attention has been directed to the contribution of normal (to the interface) stress and state of stress of the substrate layer on the mechanical response of the interface. Since the state of stress (tangential, normal, and substrate) within each type of experimental test is different, the resulting bond models are not consistent.Behavior of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) composite flexural members are studied using experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches in this research. A new bond-slip model is proposed that contains an explicit representation of the normal stress and constitutive model of the substrate. The parameters of the model were calibrated from beam and pullout tests using UHPC and HSS. The calibrated results showed consistency in the material point behavior between the pullout and beam test although the states of stress were different. The effect of the normal force was verified throughout a numerical model compared with experimental flexural tests. Single and double lap shear tests were carried out for UHPC and FRP, and parameters of the bilinear model were calibrated and used in the finite element model of the new composite deck.A new lightweight composite deck system is proposed that uses fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) bonded to UHPC using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The high-performance deck system has application in deck design and replacement for bridges with weight restrictions as well as for accelerated bridge construction. Results show the deck satisfies strength and serviceability criteria under monotonic load. The bond strength between the UHPC and the glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) plays a significant role in the performance of the proposed deck and controls the behavior of the system. However, live loads on bridges are inherently cyclic and therefore research on serviceability and fatigue behavior of UHPC and UHPC composite members were carried out. The UHPC beams were strengthened using glass GFRP plates on compression side to obtain data that could be utilized for the future design. The effect of fatigue loading on the interfacial shear stress between UHPC and GFRP was also investigated and it is found to be minor under low load level. However, a noticeable progression in the interfacial shear stress was found for the higher load ratio.
Show less
Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFE0006431, ucf:51464
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006431

Title: Remediation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Contaminated Building Materials Using Non-metal and Activated Metal Treatment Systems.
Creator: Legron-Rodriguez, Tamra, Yestrebsky, Cherie, Clausen, Christian, Elsheimer, Seth, Sigman, Michael, Chopra, Manoj, Quinn, Jacqueline, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: PCBs are recalcitrant compounds of no known natural origin that persist in the environment despite their ban by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1979 due to negative health effects. Transport of PCBs from elastic sealants into concrete, brick, and granite structures has resulted in the need for a technology capable of removing these PCBs from the materials. This research investigated the use of a nonmetal treatment system (NMTS) and an activated metal treatment system ...
Show morePCBs are recalcitrant compounds of no known natural origin that persist in the environment despite their ban by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1979 due to negative health effects. Transport of PCBs from elastic sealants into concrete, brick, and granite structures has resulted in the need for a technology capable of removing these PCBs from the materials. This research investigated the use of a nonmetal treatment system (NMTS) and an activated metal treatment system (AMTS) for the remediation and degradation of PCBs from concrete, brick, and granite affixed with PCB-laden caulking. The adsorption of PCBs onto the components of concrete and the feasibility of ethanol washing were also investigated.NMTS is a sorbent paste containing ethanol, acetic acid, and fillers that was developed at the University of Central Florida Environmental Chemistry Laboratory for the in situ remediation of PCBs. Combining NMTS with magnesium results in an activated treatment system used for reductive dechlorination of PCBs. NMTS was applied to laboratory-prepared concrete as well as field samples by direct contact as well as by a novel sock-type delivery. The remediation of PCBs from field samples using NMTS and AMTS resulted in a 33-98% reduction for concrete, a 65-70% reduction for brick, and an 89% reduction in PCB concentration for granite. The limit of NMTS for absorption of Aroclor 1254 was found to be roughly 22,000 mg Aroclor 1254 per kg of treatment system or greater. The activated treatment system resulted in a 94% or greater degradation of PCBs after seven days with the majority of degradation occurring in the first 24 hours. The adsorption of PCBs to individual concrete components (hydrated cement, sand, crushed limestone, and crushed granite) was found to follow the Freundlich isotherm model with greater adsorption to crushed limestone and crushed granite compared to hydrated cement and sand. Ethanol washing was shown to decrease the concentration of laboratory-prepared concrete by 68% and the concentration of PCBs in the ethanol wash were reduced by 77% via degradation with an activated magnesium system.
Show less
Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0005197, ucf:50625
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005197

Title: STRUCTURAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE TRANSIT GUIDEWAYS.
Creator: Shmerling, Robert, Catbas, F. Necati, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Objective condition assessment is essential to make better decisions for safety and serviceability of existing civil infrastructure systems. This study explores the condition of an existing transit guideway system that has been in service for thirty-five years. The structural system is composed of six-span continuous prestressed concrete bridge segments. The overall transit system incorporates a number of continuous bridges which share common design details, geometries, and loading conditions...
Show moreObjective condition assessment is essential to make better decisions for safety and serviceability of existing civil infrastructure systems. This study explores the condition of an existing transit guideway system that has been in service for thirty-five years. The structural system is composed of six-span continuous prestressed concrete bridge segments. The overall transit system incorporates a number of continuous bridges which share common design details, geometries, and loading conditions. The original analysis is based on certain simplifying assumptions such as rigid behavior over supports and simplified tendon/concrete/steel plate interaction. The current objective is to conduct a representative study for a more accurate understanding of the structural system and its behavior. The scope of the study is to generate finite element models (FEMs) to be used in static and dynamic parameter sensitivity studies, as well load rating and reliability analysis of the structure. The FEMs are used for eigenvalue analysis and simulations. Parameter sensitivity studies consider the effect of changing critical parameters, including material properties, prestress loss, and boundary and continuity conditions, on the static and dynamic structural response. Load ratings are developed using an American Association for State Highway Transportation Officials Load and Resistance Factor Rating (AASHTO LRFR) approach. The reliability of the structural system is evaluated based on the data obtained from various finite element models. Recommendations for experimental validation of the FEM are presented. This study is expected to provide information to make better decisions for operations, maintenance and safety requirements; to be a benchmark for future studies, to establish a procedure and methodology for structural condition assessment, and to contribute to the general research body of knowledge in condition assessment and structural health monitoring.
Show less
Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000658, ucf:46520
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000658

Title: Harmful Algal Bloom Mitigation using Recycle Concrete Aggregate coated with Fixed-Quat.
Creator: Ezeodurukwe, Ikenna, Lee, Woo Hyoung, Randall, Andrew, Sadmani, A H M Anwar, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Human activities generate surplus nutrients which may lead to algal bloom events in water resources along with serious ecological problems and thus substantial economic losses. Particularly, harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent toxic cyanobacterial blooms which produce cyanotoxins. The primary concerns of HABs are the exposures to a wide variety of cyanotoxins via ingestion of contaminated drinking water, inhalation during recreational activities, and consumption of contaminated fish and...
Show moreHuman activities generate surplus nutrients which may lead to algal bloom events in water resources along with serious ecological problems and thus substantial economic losses. Particularly, harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent toxic cyanobacterial blooms which produce cyanotoxins. The primary concerns of HABs are the exposures to a wide variety of cyanotoxins via ingestion of contaminated drinking water, inhalation during recreational activities, and consumption of contaminated fish and shellfish. However, conventional physical and chemical methods are not always possible to efficiently handle these HABs events. It is urgent to develop viable and rapid solutions to control HABs in field and mitigate the effects of HABs in fresh water, particularly in those that serve as sources of drinking water supply.(&)nbsp;Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) represent a wide range of cationic compounds with different formulation that constitutes products for agriculture, domestic and medical and industry. As organic antimicrobial compounds, Quats can be used as alternatives to existing chemical-based technique for HABs control due to its less toxicity and its affinity to variety of surface. In this study, recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) from a regional construction and demolition (C(&)D) waste recycling facility was used as a sustainable and environmentally friendly substrate and coated with a composite of silica-quaternary ammonium compounds (Fixed-Quat).(&)nbsp;Then, the algistatic capabilities of imparting antimicrobial properties of Quats to the RCA surface, which involve the covalent attachment of the biocides to the surfaces (sol-gel technique), were evaluated with HABs-causing algal species, Microcystis aeruginosa. Chlorophyll-a was measured to determine the efficiency of HABs mitigation using Fixed-Quat coated RCA in terms of photosynthetic inactivation of the selected algae. OD660 and pH were measured as key parameters to monitor algal cell growth and cement hydration. Notably, a 61% reduction of chlorophyll-a within 6 hours and complete removal of chlorophyll-a within 8 hours were achieved, indicating that Fixed-Quat coated RCA would be efficient in growth inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa. Overall, with an appropriate design for field application and further evaluations like lifetime of Quat coating and potential recovery of treated algae, the Fixed-Quat antimicrobial coated RCA would be a promising and sustainable(&)nbsp;alternative to conventional HABs mitigation methods in various aquatic systems.
Show less
Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007400, ucf:52066
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007400

Title: Mutable Means: An Exploration of Communication and Identity Through Visual and Verbal Deconstruction.
Creator: Castellanos, Reina, Price, Mark, Adams, JoAnne, Harris, Christopher, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Increasingly defined by my status as a Nonimmigrant Alien, I have lived longer in the United States than in my native Venezuela. Knowing my stay in this country will be temporary, I examine feelings of uncertainty about my future by deconstructing communication(-)both visual and verbal. Through ambiguity I express anxieties on my personal circumstances and retain objectivity in regard to my process through intellectual inquiry. I layer words, images, and sound to mirror my frustrations, and...
Show moreIncreasingly defined by my status as a Nonimmigrant Alien, I have lived longer in the United States than in my native Venezuela. Knowing my stay in this country will be temporary, I examine feelings of uncertainty about my future by deconstructing communication(-)both visual and verbal. Through ambiguity I express anxieties on my personal circumstances and retain objectivity in regard to my process through intellectual inquiry. I layer words, images, and sound to mirror my frustrations, and project the conflict of my internal dialogue.
Show less
Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFE0006086, ucf:50949
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006086

Title: INTERACTIVE TEXT-IMAGE CONCEPTUAL MODELS FOR LITERARY INTERPRETATION AND COMPOSITION IN THE DIGITAL AGE.
Creator: Weaver, Elizabeth, Saper, Craig, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This dissertation focuses on text-image conceptual models for literary interpretation and composition in the digital age. The models investigate an interactive blend of textually-based linear-sequential approaches and visually-based spatial-simultaneous approaches. The models employ Gestalt-inspired figure-ground segregation models, along with other theoretical models, that demonstrate the dynamic capabilities of images as conceptual tools as well as alternate forms of text. The models...
Show moreThis dissertation focuses on text-image conceptual models for literary interpretation and composition in the digital age. The models investigate an interactive blend of textually-based linear-sequential approaches and visually-based spatial-simultaneous approaches. The models employ Gestalt-inspired figure-ground segregation models, along with other theoretical models, that demonstrate the dynamic capabilities of images as conceptual tools as well as alternate forms of text. The models encourage an interpretative style with active participants in open-ended, multi-sensory meaning-making processes. The models use the flexible tools of modern technology as approaches to meaning-making with art strategies used for research strategies as well as a means to appreciate reading and writing in the context of an increasingly visual environment.
Show less
Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: CFE0003008, ucf:48335
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003008

Pervious Concrete (3)	+ -
concrete (3)	+ -
Porous Concrete (2)	+ -
bond (2)	+ -
degradation (2)	+ -

Art (1)	+ -
Basalt fiber (1)	+ -
Bruce Nauman (1)	+ -
CALFEM (1)	+ -
Calcium Carbonate (1)	+ -
Communication (1)	+ -
Compressive Strength (1)	+ -
Conceptual Art (1)	+ -
Concrete Painting (1)	+ -
Concrete Poetry (1)	+ -
Construction Specifications (1)	+ -
Edge-oxidized graphene oxide (EOGO) (1)	+ -
FRP laminate (1)	+ -
Fiber reinforced concrete (1)	+ -
Fine Art (1)	+ -
Flexural behavior (1)	+ -
Flexural fatigue life (1)	+ -
Geotextile Clogging (1)	+ -
Gestalt (1)	+ -
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) (1)	+ -
Installation (1)	+ -
Kay Rosen (1)	+ -
Language (1)	+ -
MATLAB (1)	+ -
MFA (1)	+ -

University of Central Florida (20)	+ -
Chopra, Manoj (8)	+ -
Mackie, Kevin (4)	+ -
Nam, Boo Hyun (4)	+ -
Gou, Jihua (2)	+ -

Kuo, Shiou-San (2)	+ -
Makris, Nicos (2)	+ -
Adams, JoAnne (1)	+ -
Al-Jelawy, Haider (1)	+ -
Al-Ramahee, Munaf (1)	+ -
An, Jin Woo (1)	+ -
Arboleda Monsalve, Luis (1)	+ -
Ballock, Craig (1)	+ -
Behring, Zachary (1)	+ -
Behzadan, Amir (1)	+ -
Burrell, Jason (1)	+ -
Cafcules, Stephanie (1)	+ -
Castellanos, Reina (1)	+ -
Catbas, F. Necati (1)	+ -
Catbas, Necati (1)	+ -
Chan, Titchenda (1)	+ -
Clausen, Christian (1)	+ -
Elsheimer, Seth (1)	+ -
Eskander, Ashraf (1)	+ -
Ezeodurukwe, Ikenna (1)	+ -
Filler, Dennis (1)	+ -
Hall, Scott (1)	+ -
Harris, Christopher (1)	+ -
Hutchinson, Rodolfo (1)	+ -
Kazma, Jad (1)	+ -

Search In

Sort Results By:

Narrow results by:

Topical Subject

Collection

Type of Resource

Language

Creator

Format

Owner