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RUSSIAN CULTURAL FACTORS RELATED TO PERCEIVED CRIMINALPROCEDURE FAIRNESS: THE JUXTAPOSITION OF POLICY AND PRACTICE
Title
RUSSIAN CULTURAL FACTORS RELATED TO PERCEIVED CRIMINALPROCEDURE FAIRNESS: THE JUXTAPOSITION OF POLICY AND PRACTICE.
Creator
Semukhina, Olga, Reynolds, Kenneth, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Russian culture and citizens' perceived fairness of the new Criminal Procedural Code of Russia of 2001 (CPC of 2001). The CPC of 2001 is a key policy in the Russian criminal law reform with the purpose of implementing adversarial procedure elements in Russia. The existing literature has documented the lack of public support along with observed violations of the CPC's major provisions which as made this an...
Show moreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Russian culture and citizens' perceived fairness of the new Criminal Procedural Code of Russia of 2001 (CPC of 2001). The CPC of 2001 is a key policy in the Russian criminal law reform with the purpose of implementing adversarial procedure elements in Russia. The existing literature has documented the lack of public support along with observed violations of the CPC's major provisions which as made this an important area for study. It is theorized that the apparent contradiction between the underlying values of the Russian culture, and CPC's adversarial procedure that reflects anti-cultural values, are responsible for the lack of substantial public support and acceptance of the CPC of 2001. The theory of motivational values developed by Schwartz (1990) is used as a framework to examine the Russian culture. Damaska's (1986) theory of procedural models is used to examine the adversarial elements of the new CPC of 2001. The group value theory of fairness is employed to examine the relationships between Russian cultural values and the public opinion about the criminal procedural law (Lind & Tyler, 1988). The study used a multi-stage stratified random sample of 1,588 Russian residents to explore the relationship between the culture and the perceived fairness of the CPC of 2001. The sample is representative of the Russian Federation population. The data is analyzed through four structural-equation models, a set of non-parametric tests, and descriptive statistical analysis. The findings of this thesis confirmed that cultural values in Russia are predominantly collective. On average, 69% of Russian respondents reported that collective values play a very important role in their life. The type of prevailing values was dependent on the demographic characteristics of the sample: age, gender, place of residence, level of education, marital status, and household income. It was found that the majority of Russian citizens believe that the inquisitional criminal procedure is an ideal of fair law. On average, 72% supported the inquisitorial procedural model in Russia. Unlike the adversarial procedure, the inquisitorial procedural model is not based on competition between the equal parties of prosecution and defense. Instead, it is viewed as a cooperative process between the judge, prosecutor and defense in their inquiry into the circumstances of the case. The adversarial procedural model was not supported by most citizens. Only 33.5% reported that the adversarial procedural model can be considered fair. The study corroborated that the new CPC was not fully supported by the majority of respondents. An average of 27.5% of respondents in Russia reported that the CPC of 2001 is a fair law, in comparison to 72.5% who think that the CPC of 2001 is unfair. The findings validated that the CPC of 2001's inclusion of adversarial procedural elements contradict key values of the contemporary Russian culture. It is concluded that the CPC of 2001 should be reformed to facilitate citizen acceptance. Greater acceptance will support the attempt to advance the democratization of the criminal process through increased civil rights while simultaneously enhancing positive social control. It is proposed that the planned policy reforms that contain additional elements of the adversarial criminal procedure be introduced in a phased manner. It is also recommended that the adversarial procedure values should be publicized through public awareness educational programs. The data analysis also suggests that confounding factors such as citizen distrust of the criminal justice institutions can contribute to problems associated with acceptance of the criminal law reform. The research model developed for this study can be used to examine policies related to criminal law reform in other former Soviet Union countries.
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Date Issued
2007
Identifier
CFE0001867, ucf:47406
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001867
Predictors of Immunosuppressant Adherence in Long-Term Renal Transplant Recipients
Title
Predictors of Immunosuppressant Adherence in Long-Term Renal Transplant Recipients.
Creator
Galura, Sandra, Sole, Mary, Allred, Kelly, Byers, Jacqueline, Lawrence, Shawn, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
To sustain the health and viability of renal transplants, adherence to immunosuppressant therapy (IST) medications is critical. Studies continue to identify decreased adherence rates as time from transplant increases (Chisholm-Burns, Kwong, Mulloy (&) Spivey, 2008; Chisholm, Lance, Mulloy, 2005; Chisholm, Mulloy, (&) DiPiro, 2005; Nivens (&) Thomas, 2009). While previous research has explored the effect of variables known to influence IST adherence in adult renal transplant recipients,...
Show moreTo sustain the health and viability of renal transplants, adherence to immunosuppressant therapy (IST) medications is critical. Studies continue to identify decreased adherence rates as time from transplant increases (Chisholm-Burns, Kwong, Mulloy (&) Spivey, 2008; Chisholm, Lance, Mulloy, 2005; Chisholm, Mulloy, (&) DiPiro, 2005; Nivens (&) Thomas, 2009). While previous research has explored the effect of variables known to influence IST adherence in adult renal transplant recipients, limited studies have explored these variables in a population of renal transplant recipients with longer time posttransplant intervals. The purpose of this study was to examine demographic variables, time posttransplant, immunosuppressive agents, health beliefs, social support, and symptom experience and test their relationship to adherence in a population of long-term renal transplant recipients.A cross-sectional correlational design was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 98 adult renal transplant recipients who were three or more years from transplant. Participants completed five instruments: 1) demographic survey, 2) the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), 3) the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Modified Social Support Survey (&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172;(&)#172; (MSSS), 4) the Basel Assessment of Adherence with Immunosuppressive Medication Scales (BAASIS), and 5) the Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale-59R (MTSOSD-59R). A composite adherence score (CAS) consisting of a self-report measure of adherence (BAASIS), nontherapeutic serum drug assay, and collateral report of adherence as provided by two transplant clinic professionals was used to determine final adherence group classification (adherent/nonadherent). Analysis of the relationship between all independent variables and adherence was conducted using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Mean scores for medication complexity, health beliefs, social support, and symptom experience were compared between age, gender, and time posttransplant groups using independent-samples t tests. A logistic regression prediction of probability was conducted to determine which of the variables that demonstrated a significant relationship to adherence were most predictive of adherence.Of the total sample population (N = 98), 39.8% (n = 39) were classified as adherent and 60.2% (n = 59) were nonadherent. Results demonstrated no significant relationship between age (continuous variable), time posttransplant, immunosuppressant medications (measured by a medication complexity index), health beliefs, symptom experience, and adherence. Weak, but significant relationships between age groups (r = -.213, p=.035), tangible social support (r = .215, p =.017), emotional informational social support (r = .274, p = .003), positive social interaction support (r = .199, p = .025), total overall social support (r = .274, p =.003) and composite adherence group classification were found. Older participants ((>) 55 yrs) were significantly less adherent than younger ((<) 54 yrs) participants. Mean scores for emotional / informational (EMI), positive social interaction (POS), and total social support (MSSS) were significantly lower in nonadherent participants. Regression results indicated the overall model of two predictors (age grouped [(<) 54 yrs; (>) 55 yrs] and EMI social support subscale) was statistically reliable in distinguishing between adherent and nonadherent participants (-2 Log Likelihood 116.244; Goodness-of-Fit x2 (2) = 13.664, p = .001), correctly classifying 69.1% of the cases. Findings from this study contribute to the body of research exploring predictors of immunosuppressant adherence in long-term renal transplant recipients. Data suggest both younger age ((<) 55) and categories of social support predict adherence in long-term renal transplant recipients. Healthcare providers caring for renal transplant recipients long-term should consider annually assessing older participants for adherence as well as for changes in social networks.
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Date Issued
2012
Identifier
CFE0004203, ucf:49013
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004203
EFFECTS OF GHRKO VISCERAL FAT TRANSPLANT OF INSULIN SIGNALING
Title
EFFECTS OF GHRKO VISCERAL FAT TRANSPLANT OF INSULIN SIGNALING.
Creator
Bennis, Mohammed, Masternak, Michal, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Insulin sensitivity has been positively correlated with a healthy and extended lifespan, while insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity, has been linked to aging and is the main indicative of type 2 diabetes. Growth Hormone Receptor/ Binding Protein Knockout mice (GHRKO), although obese, are characterized by high insulin sensitivity and a prolonged lifespan. Due to the absence of growth hormone receptors (GHR), growth hormone (GH) is unable to activate its downstream pathway....
Show moreInsulin sensitivity has been positively correlated with a healthy and extended lifespan, while insulin resistance, decreased insulin sensitivity, has been linked to aging and is the main indicative of type 2 diabetes. Growth Hormone Receptor/ Binding Protein Knockout mice (GHRKO), although obese, are characterized by high insulin sensitivity and a prolonged lifespan. Due to the absence of growth hormone receptors (GHR), growth hormone (GH) is unable to activate its downstream pathway. Interestingly, the secretory activity of visceral fat in GHRKO mice is altered stimulating insulin sensitivity. In this study, we transplanted normal (N) mice with GHRKO visceral fat pads to determine the role of visceral fat developed with the absence of GH signaling on the insulin-signaling pathway in animals with physiologically normal GH action. We found that the visceral fat transplant (VFT) helped the normal mice gain the beneficial effects of fat developed in the absence of GH and caused improvement of their whole body insulin sensitivity when comparing with sham-operated mice and with mice that received visceral fat from N animals. In presented study, RT-PCR was used to determine the levels of hepatic mRNA expression between three experimental groups including Normal-sham mice (N-S), normal mice transplanted with visceral fat from normal animals (N-N), and normal mice receiving visceral fat from GHRKO mice (N-KO). Additionally, Western Blot and ELISA were used to determine the level of total and phosphorylated proteins. By studying the effect of visceral fat transplant from GHRKO or N mice on the whole body insulin signaling in N male mice, and testing different genes expression and proteins quantification, we can shed light on the mechanism by which white adipose tissue (WAT) regulates whole body insulin sensitivity and longevity as well as understanding the role of WATs in development of diabetes and the process behind insulin resistance.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFH0004781, ucf:45372
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004781
MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF NATURAL KILLER CELL EXPANSION IN RELEVANCE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES
Title
MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF NATURAL KILLER CELL EXPANSION IN RELEVANCE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY FOR HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES.
Creator
Colosimo, Dominic, Borgon, Robert, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Natural Killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that regulate adaptive immune responses and utilize "missing self" recognition to activate anti-tumor and anti-viral cytotoxicity. Clinical research, as well as murine and ex vivo models, have shown that a variety of NK cell applications have proven useful as immunotherapeutic treatments for patients with hematologic malignancies. However, the selective expansion of NK cells to yield relevant amounts of these lymphocytes has been a major...
Show moreNatural Killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that regulate adaptive immune responses and utilize "missing self" recognition to activate anti-tumor and anti-viral cytotoxicity. Clinical research, as well as murine and ex vivo models, have shown that a variety of NK cell applications have proven useful as immunotherapeutic treatments for patients with hematologic malignancies. However, the selective expansion of NK cells to yield relevant amounts of these lymphocytes has been a major hurdle in the development of methods for clinical therapeutic use. Here, we demonstrate a novel ex vivo expansion method utilizing k562 leukemic cell lines and soluble cytokines as well as a novel method utilizing isolated plasma membranes of genetically engineered tumor cell lines that could be of relevance to in vivo NK cell expansion. Also, the ligand expression by canonical feeder cell lines used for NK cell expansion and our isolated plasma membranes were compared via ligand quantification by western blot quantification of 4-1BB ligand. In an adjunct study, we sought to better characterize these expansion environments by investigating the glucose metabolism of NK cells using fluorescent glucose analog 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl)Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) and the glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG).
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Date Issued
2012
Identifier
CFH0004252, ucf:44917
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004252
AUTOLOGOUS SKIN CELL SPRAY-TRANSPLANTATION AS AN INNOVATIVE ALTERNATIVE TO AUTOLOGOUS SPLIT- THICKNESS SKIN GRAFTS FOR DEEP PARTIAL THICKNESS BURN WOUNDS: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Title
AUTOLOGOUS SKIN CELL SPRAY-TRANSPLANTATION AS AN INNOVATIVE ALTERNATIVE TO AUTOLOGOUS SPLIT- THICKNESS SKIN GRAFTS FOR DEEP PARTIAL THICKNESS BURN WOUNDS: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW.
Creator
Beaudet, Alexandria M, Bushy, Angeline, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Burn wounds tend to be a critical problem with a complicated healing process. Although advancements have been made and the treatment of burn wounds has improved significantly, the healing process for deep-partial thickness burn wounds remains problematic. The purpose of this thesis is to review the available literature on an innovate biotechnology, autologous skin cell-spray transplantation, to more effectively treat burn wounds and potentially other injuries in the future. This study was...
Show moreBurn wounds tend to be a critical problem with a complicated healing process. Although advancements have been made and the treatment of burn wounds has improved significantly, the healing process for deep-partial thickness burn wounds remains problematic. The purpose of this thesis is to review the available literature on an innovate biotechnology, autologous skin cell-spray transplantation, to more effectively treat burn wounds and potentially other injuries in the future. This study was conducted by critically researching and comparing (N=7) peer-reviewed research articles focusing not only on burn wounds using traditional treatments, but also the treatment of burn wounds using revolutionary cell-spray autographing technologies. The findings in this thesis show significant enhancement using this innovative approach for the treatment of burn injuries, and presents pivotal information for future nursing research, clinical practice as well as policy and education.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFH2000576, ucf:45658
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000576