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Socioeconomic Status and Prescription Opioid Use Behaviors among U.S. Adults: A Test of the Fundamental Cause Theory Framework
Title
Socioeconomic Status and Prescription Opioid Use Behaviors among U.S. Adults: A Test of the Fundamental Cause Theory Framework.
Creator
Nicholson, Harvey, Ford, Jason, Rivera, Fernando, Hinojosa, Melanie, Rigg, Khary, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, I applied Phelan, Link and Tehranifar's (2010) fundamental cause theory (FCT) framework to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prescription opioid use behaviors. I also explored the mediating roles of health status and the deployment of flexible resources. I hypothesized that (1) a negative association would exist between SES and prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorder, and (2) health status and...
Show moreUsing data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, I applied Phelan, Link and Tehranifar's (2010) fundamental cause theory (FCT) framework to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prescription opioid use behaviors. I also explored the mediating roles of health status and the deployment of flexible resources. I hypothesized that (1) a negative association would exist between SES and prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorder, and (2) health status and the deployment of flexible resources (e.g. health care access, knowledge, social support) would mediate this relationship. As hypothesized and consistent with FCT, higher SES was associated with significantly lower odds of prescription opioid use behaviors. Two flexible resources, health care access and social support, and various indicators of poor health helped explain this relationship. Inconsistent with FCT, knowledge of heroin use as being a (")great risk(") was not a mediator of the SES-prescription opioid use behaviors association. Based on these findings, efforts to reduce SES disparities in prescription opioid use behaviors should emphasize reducing SES disparities overall as well as in health and access to important health-enhancing resources. Limitations of this study and directions for future research are discussed. ?
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFE0007695, ucf:52437
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007695
Spain: Battleground of democracy
Title
Spain: Battleground of democracy.
Creator
Herring, Hubert Clinton
Date Issued
1937
Identifier
2683216, CFDT2683216, ucf:5039
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2683216
Analysis of Pedestrian Crash characteristics and Contributing Causes in Central Florida
Title
Analysis of Pedestrian Crash characteristics and Contributing Causes in Central Florida.
Creator
Bianco, Zainb, Abou-Senna, Hatem, Abdel-Aty, Mohamed, Radwan, Essam, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This research investigates the main reasons leading the State of Florida to be ranked among the worst states in terms of pedestrian safety with four metro areas considered the most dangerous for pedestrians among all the United States as reported in the Dangerous by Design report. The study analyzes the characteristics and contributing causes of pedestrian crashes that occurred in Central Florida over a 5 year-period (2011-2015) at intersections and along roadway segments at mid-block...
Show moreThis research investigates the main reasons leading the State of Florida to be ranked among the worst states in terms of pedestrian safety with four metro areas considered the most dangerous for pedestrians among all the United States as reported in the Dangerous by Design report. The study analyzes the characteristics and contributing causes of pedestrian crashes that occurred in Central Florida over a 5 year-period (2011-2015) at intersections and along roadway segments at mid-block locations using the data obtained from the Signal 4 Analytics database. All pedestrian related crashes were compiled and all the 6,789 crash reports were studied thoroughly. Intersection and roadway pedestrian related crashes were identified along with all the parameters and conditions related to the high crash risk of pedestrians. However, due to inconsistencies in the police report inputs such as miscoding and misinterpretation, a screening criteria was developed to exclude or disqualify crashes that do not meet the research requirements. Preliminary descriptive statistics revealed the most common types of crashes at each location. For intersection-related crashes, it was found that left turn, right turn and through moving vehicles struck crossing pedestrians. At mid-block locations, major crash types were through moving vehicles hitting pedestrians crossing and walking along the roadway. The evaluated factors affecting pedestrian crashes were classified into four main categories; location characteristics (e.g. intersection, midblock, type of control, presence of crosswalk, presence of sidewalk), pedestrian factors (e.g. pedestrian under influence, failure to yield to the right of way), driver/vehicle characteristics (e.g. driving under influence, failed to yield to traffic control device, aggressive driving), and environmental-related factors (e.g. weather conditions, road surface conditions and time of day) were among the factors studied.Three different models were utilized in the analysis using the SPSS statistical software package. A multinomial logit model was developed to predict the likelihood that a pedestrian will be involved into one of the common crash types. A binary regression model was developed to understand the significant factors contributing to the main causes at each intersection type whether at signalized or un-signalized intersections. Lastly, an ordinal regression model was developed to identify the significant factors affecting the level of injury severity sustained by pedestrians. The results of the multinomial logit model for intersection crashes revealed a high probability of right turn crashes associated with drivers at fault with no aggressive driving related crashes compared to left turn crashes. The results also showed that the probability of through moving vehicle crashes with no traffic control device was 2.437 times higher than left turn crashes. These results confirmed the results of the binary model that a lower likelihood of left or right turn crashes was associated with un-signalized intersections when compared to through crashes. Lastly, a greater probability of through crashes was associated with running the red light when compared to left turn crashes.The results of the binary model revealed that the majority of the un-signalized intersection crashes were attributed to drivers at fault. Among other contributing factors was crossing at un-signalized intersections not equipped with the crosswalks. The chance of crashes at un-signalized intersections is 15.657 times higher in the absence of crosswalks compared to un-signalized intersections in which crosswalks are present. Conversely, signalized intersections related crashes were attributed to running the red light and pedestrians failing to obey traffic control devices.For the ordinal models for crashes at either intersections or mid-block locations, the results revealed that a reduction in the likelihood of severe injuries was associated with drivers being at fault, daytime, no aggressive driving related crashes and sober pedestrians. However, red light running related to intersection crashes, as well as pedestrians failing to yield to the right of way, and drivers under influence related to mid-block crashes were associated with high injury severity and an increase in the likelihood of severe injuries. The findings of this research and examination of the factors affecting pedestrians' crash likelihood and injury severity can lead to better crash mitigation strategies, countermeasures and policies that would alleviate this growing problem in Central Florida.
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Date Issued
2017
Identifier
CFE0006566, ucf:51310
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006566
AN EXPLORATION OF TEACHER PERSPECTIVES OF MATHEMATICS ANXIETY AND GENDER STEREOTYPING
Title
AN EXPLORATION OF TEACHER PERSPECTIVES OF MATHEMATICS ANXIETY AND GENDER STEREOTYPING.
Creator
Browning, Jessica, Gresham, Regina, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The purpose of this study was to identify the current perspective of grades three through twelve in-service teachers regarding mathematics anxiety, its causes, and its relation to gender stereotyping. A short online survey was conducted to gain insight into their classrooms and perspectives of the subject. The results showed that mathematics anxiety did exist in the classroom, and in-service teachers did report seeing a gender gap between the anxiety experienced by females and males. I...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to identify the current perspective of grades three through twelve in-service teachers regarding mathematics anxiety, its causes, and its relation to gender stereotyping. A short online survey was conducted to gain insight into their classrooms and perspectives of the subject. The results showed that mathematics anxiety did exist in the classroom, and in-service teachers did report seeing a gender gap between the anxiety experienced by females and males. I believe that from these findings it is important to conduct further research on in-service teachers to see in depth what they think. This is important because their beliefs about the subject can have a lasting impact on their students and their feelings towards mathematics.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFH0004756, ucf:45347
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004756
INFLUENCE MAP METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING SYSTEMIC SAFETY ISSUES
Title
INFLUENCE MAP METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING SYSTEMIC SAFETY ISSUES.
Creator
Barth, Timothy, Pet-Armacost, Julia, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
"Raising the bar" in safety performance is a critical challenge for many organizations. Contributing factor taxonomies organize information on why accidents occur. Therefore, they are essential elements of accident investigations and safety reporting systems. Organizations must balance efforts to identify causes of specific accidents with efforts to evaluate systemic safety issues in order to become more proactive about improving safety. This research successfully addressed two problems: (1)...
Show more"Raising the bar" in safety performance is a critical challenge for many organizations. Contributing factor taxonomies organize information on why accidents occur. Therefore, they are essential elements of accident investigations and safety reporting systems. Organizations must balance efforts to identify causes of specific accidents with efforts to evaluate systemic safety issues in order to become more proactive about improving safety. This research successfully addressed two problems: (1) limited methods and metrics exist to support the design of effective taxonomies, and (2) influence relationships between contributing factors are not explicitly modeled within a taxonomy. The primary result of the taxonomic relationship modeling efforts was an innovative "dual role" contributing factor taxonomy with significant improvements in comprehensiveness and diagnosticity over existing taxonomies. The influence map methodology was the result of a unique graphical and analytical combination of the dual role taxonomy and influence relationship models. Influence maps were developed for several safety incidents at Kennedy Space Center. An independent assessment was conducted by a team of experts using the new dual role taxonomy and influence chain methodology to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of contributing factors identified during the formal incident investigations. One hundred and sixteen contributing factors were identified using the influence map methodology. Only 16% of these contributing factors were accurately identified with traditional tools, and over half of the 116 contributing factors were completely unaddressed by the findings and recommendations of the formal incident reports. The new methodology is being applied to improve spaceport operations and enhance designs of future NASA launch systems.
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Date Issued
2006
Identifier
CFE0001274, ucf:46928
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001274
L2 ANXIETY IN SPANISH-SPEAKING ADULT ESL POPULATIONS: POSSIBLE CAUSES AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES
Title
L2 ANXIETY IN SPANISH-SPEAKING ADULT ESL POPULATIONS: POSSIBLE CAUSES AND CULTURAL INFLUENCES.
Creator
Freiberger, Scott, Mihai, Florin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Anxiety has been identified as a plausible factor affecting second language (L2) acquisition. However, more research is needed on how anxiety may influence Spanish-speaking adult English as a Second Language (ESL) populations. Determining precisely what causes anxiety in Spanish-speaking adult ESL populations should be of interest not only to L2 researchers but also to ESL instructors who may have adult Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs) in their classes. This study researched...
Show moreAnxiety has been identified as a plausible factor affecting second language (L2) acquisition. However, more research is needed on how anxiety may influence Spanish-speaking adult English as a Second Language (ESL) populations. Determining precisely what causes anxiety in Spanish-speaking adult ESL populations should be of interest not only to L2 researchers but also to ESL instructors who may have adult Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs) in their classes. This study researched L2 anxiety in Spanish-speaking adult ESL learners. Specifically, it considered possible causes and cultural influences of L2 anxiety in 10 Spanish-speaking adult ESL students at a university English language institute (ELI). Participants were given a choice of completing an English or Spanish version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and then participated in follow-up interviews. Results were documented and evaluated. A total of 14 causes of L2 anxiety were identified, including incompatible goals, using English in professional contexts, the native country, and the need for error correction. Finally, contrary to the literature, collaborative group work was found to cause L2 anxiety in Spanish-speaking adult ESL students enrolled at a language institute.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003050, ucf:48364
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003050
THE INCOMPATIBILITY OF FREEDOM OF THE WILL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PHYSICALISM
Title
THE INCOMPATIBILITY OF FREEDOM OF THE WILL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL PHYSICALISM.
Creator
Gonzalez, Ariel, Rodgers, Travis, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Many contemporary naturalistic philosophers have taken it for granted that a robust theory of free will, one which would afford us with an agency substantial enough to render us morally responsible for our actions, is itself not conceptually compatible with the philosophical theory of naturalism. I attempt to account for why it is that free will (in its most substantial form) cannot be plausibly located within a naturalistic understanding of the world. I consider the issues surrounding an...
Show moreMany contemporary naturalistic philosophers have taken it for granted that a robust theory of free will, one which would afford us with an agency substantial enough to render us morally responsible for our actions, is itself not conceptually compatible with the philosophical theory of naturalism. I attempt to account for why it is that free will (in its most substantial form) cannot be plausibly located within a naturalistic understanding of the world. I consider the issues surrounding an acceptance of a robust theory of free will within a naturalistic framework. Timothy O'Connor's reconciliatory effort in maintaining both a scientifically naturalist understanding of the human person and a full-blooded theory of agent-causal libertarian free will is considered. I conclude that Timothy O'Connor's reconciliatory model cannot be maintained and I reference several conceptual difficulties surrounding the reconciliation of agent-causal libertarian properties with physical properties that haunt the naturalistic libertarian.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
CFH0004628, ucf:45292
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004628
Factors Affecting Systems Engineering Rigor in Launch Vehicle Organizations
Title
Factors Affecting Systems Engineering Rigor in Launch Vehicle Organizations.
Creator
Gibson, Denton, Karwowski, Waldemar, Rabelo, Luis, Kotnour, Timothy, Kern, David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Systems engineering is a methodical multi-disciplinary approach to design, build, and operate complex systems. Launch vehicles are considered by many extremely complex systems that have greatly impacted where the systems engineering industry is today. Launch vehicles are used to transport payloads from the ground to a location in space. Satellites launched by launch vehicles can range from commercial communications to national security payloads. Satellite costs can range from a few million...
Show moreSystems engineering is a methodical multi-disciplinary approach to design, build, and operate complex systems. Launch vehicles are considered by many extremely complex systems that have greatly impacted where the systems engineering industry is today. Launch vehicles are used to transport payloads from the ground to a location in space. Satellites launched by launch vehicles can range from commercial communications to national security payloads. Satellite costs can range from a few million dollars to billions of dollars. Prior research suggests that lack of systems engineering rigor as one of the leading contributors to launch vehicle failures. A launch vehicle failure could have economic, societal, scientific, and national security impacts. This is why it is critical to understand the factors that affect systems engineering rigor in U.S. launch vehicle organizations.The current research examined organizational factors that influence systems engineering rigor in launch vehicle organizations. This study examined the effects of the factors of systems engineering culture and systems engineering support on systems engineering rigor. Particularly, the effects of top management support, organizational commitment, systems engineering support, and value of systems engineering were examined. This research study also analyzed the mediating role of systems engineering support between top management support and systems engineering rigor, as well as between organizational commitment and systems engineering rigor. A quantitative approach was used for this. Data for the study was collected via survey instrument. A total of 203 people in various systems engineering roles in launch vehicle organizations throughout the United States voluntarily participated. Each latent construct of the study was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationships between the variables of the study. The IBM SPSS Amos 25 software was used to analyze the CFA and SEM.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFE0007806, ucf:52348
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007806
Institutionalizing Service-Learning as a Best Practice of Community Engagement in Higher Education: Intra- and Inter-Institutional Comparisons of the Carnegie Community Engagement Elective Classification Framework
Title
Institutionalizing Service-Learning as a Best Practice of Community Engagement in Higher Education: Intra- and Inter-Institutional Comparisons of the Carnegie Community Engagement Elective Classification Framework.
Creator
Plante, Jarrad, Cox, Dr. Thomas, Robinson, Sandra, Bryer, Thomas, Bowdon, Melody, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Service-learning, with a longstanding history in American higher education (Burkhardt (&) Pasque, 2005), includes three key tenets: superior academic learning, meaningful and relevant community service, and persistent civic learning (McGoldrick and Ziegert, 2002). The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has created an elective classification system (-) Carnegie Community Engagement Classification (-) for institutions of higher education to demonstrate the breadth and depth of...
Show moreService-learning, with a longstanding history in American higher education (Burkhardt (&) Pasque, 2005), includes three key tenets: superior academic learning, meaningful and relevant community service, and persistent civic learning (McGoldrick and Ziegert, 2002). The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has created an elective classification system (-) Carnegie Community Engagement Classification (-) for institutions of higher education to demonstrate the breadth and depth of student involvement and learning through partnerships and engagement in the community (Dalton (&) Crosby, 2011; Hurtado (&) DeAngelo, 2012; Kuh et al., 2008; Pryor, Hurtado, Saenz, Santos, (&) Korn, 2007). Community engagement (")is in the culture, commonly understood practices and knowledge, and (CCEC helps determine) whether it is really happening (-) rhetoric versus reality(") (J. Saltmarsh, personal communication, August 11, 2014). The study considers the applications of three Carnegie Community Engagement Classification designated institutions to understand the institutionalization of service-learning over time by examining the 2008 designation and 2015 reclassification across institution types (-) a Private Liberal Arts College, a Private Teaching University, and a Public Research University located in the same metropolitan area. Organizational Change Theory was used as a theoretical model. Case study methodology was used in the present qualitative research to perform document analysis with qualitative interviews conducted to elucidate the data from the 2008 and 2015 CCEC applications from the three institutions. Using intra- and inter-comparative analysis, this study highlights approaches, policies, ethos, and emerging concepts to inform how higher education institutions increase the quality and quantity of service-learning opportunities that benefit higher education practitioners as well as community leaders.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005864, ucf:50852
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005864