Current Search: Hip Dysplasia (x)
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(1 - 7 of 7)
- Title
- DEVELOPMENT OF A SET OF FORCE RESPONSE EQUATIONS TO REPRESENT THE MUSCULATURE IN INFANTS TO STUDY DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP.
- Creator
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Jones, Brendan, Kassab, Alain, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This paper describes how a force response equation was created to model muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the hip joint to improve a biomechanical model of an infant hip to study Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH). DDH is the most common abnormality in newborn infants and is defined as any amount of instability in the hip including complete dislocation. Researchers at our institution are attempting to increase the success rate of treatment methods by creating computer models of the...
Show moreThis paper describes how a force response equation was created to model muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the hip joint to improve a biomechanical model of an infant hip to study Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH). DDH is the most common abnormality in newborn infants and is defined as any amount of instability in the hip including complete dislocation. Researchers at our institution are attempting to increase the success rate of treatment methods by creating computer models of the biomechanics of infant hip instability and dislocation. The computer model used a scaled adult pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula and foot to match the size of an infant for the bone geometry. The current infant muscle model is an undifferentiated model based on the area of a single infant muscle, for all muscles modeled. This muscle model was able to provide some insight into the nature of the biomechanics. To improve the infant muscle model, a set of equations differentiated by muscle area was developed. The new set of equations uses a ratio of infant over adult muscle area of a single muscle to create a ratio that can be used to scale all adult muscle areas to infant areas. This model will be more physiologically accurate because it will be differentiated based on muscle area.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFH0004896, ucf:45421
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004896
- Title
- Detection of DDH in Infants and Children Using Audible Acoustics.
- Creator
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Hassan, Tanvir, Mansy, Hansen, Song, Sang-Eun, Kassab, Alain, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants and children is important as it leads to permanent hip instability. Current methods for detecting DDH, such as ultrasound and x-rays, are relatively expensive and need qualified medical personnel to administer the test. Furthermore, x-ray ionizing radiation can have potential harmful effects. In the current study, an acoustic non-invasive and simple approach was investigated for detection of DDH. Different benchtop simplified...
Show moreDetection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants and children is important as it leads to permanent hip instability. Current methods for detecting DDH, such as ultrasound and x-rays, are relatively expensive and need qualified medical personnel to administer the test. Furthermore, x-ray ionizing radiation can have potential harmful effects. In the current study, an acoustic non-invasive and simple approach was investigated for detection of DDH. Different benchtop simplified models and pig models were constructed and tested. Models were stimulated with band-limited white acoustic noise (10-2500 Hz) and the response of the models was measured. The power spectrum density, transfer function, and coherence were determined for different hip dysplasia levels and for normal cases. Results showed that the power spectrum density, transfer function, and coherence were affected by dysplasia occurrence. Effects appear larger for more severe dysplastic hips. This suggests that the proposed approach may have potential for DDH detection.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007816, ucf:52350
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007816
- Title
- A MODEL OF HIP DYSPLASIA REDUCTIONS IN INFANTS USING THE PAVLIK HARNESS.
- Creator
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Hadri, Wissam, Samsam, Mohtashem, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Hip dysplasia, also known as congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH) or Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH), is a mal-alignment of the hip joint. Left untreated within the first nine months, DDH could lead to permanent disability. Luckily however, this condition is diagnosed at an early age and is usually treated without surgery through the use of the Pavlik harness. In this thesis, a 3D computational model and dynamic finite element analysis of the muscles and tissues involved in hip...
Show moreHip dysplasia, also known as congenital dysplasia of the hip (CDH) or Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH), is a mal-alignment of the hip joint. Left untreated within the first nine months, DDH could lead to permanent disability. Luckily however, this condition is diagnosed at an early age and is usually treated without surgery through the use of the Pavlik harness. In this thesis, a 3D computational model and dynamic finite element analysis of the muscles and tissues involved in hip dysplasia and the mechanics of the Pavlik harness, as rendered by Dr. Alain J. Kassab's research group in the College of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering in the University of Central Florida over the past 3 years, were reviewed and discussed to evaluate the accuracy of the hip reduction mechanism. I examine the group's usage of CT-based images to create accurate models of the bony structures, muscle tensions and roles that were generated using biomechanical analyses of maximal and passive strain, and the usage of adult and infant hips. Results, as produced by the group indicated that the effects and force contribution of the muscles studied are functions of severity of hip dislocation. Therefore, I discussed complications with real world-to-computational modeling with regards to structural systems and data interpretations. Although this design could be applied to more anatomical models and mechanistic analyses, more research would have to be completed to create more accurate models and results.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFH0004641, ucf:45317
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004641
- Title
- A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY-BASED MODEL OF THE INFANT HIP ANATOMY FOR DYNAMIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF HIP DYSPLASIA BIOMECHANICS.
- Creator
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Snethen, Kyle, Kassab, Alain, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Newborns diagnosed with hip dysplasia face severe consequences when treatments fail. The Pavlik harness presents the most common worldwide treatment for correcting this medical hip abnormality in newborns, but becomes increasingly ineffective as subluxation increases. A dynamic finite element analysis on the hip joint would yield results that could provide insight to physicians as to how the Pavlik harness could be optimized to increase its success rate and develop patient-specific treatment...
Show moreNewborns diagnosed with hip dysplasia face severe consequences when treatments fail. The Pavlik harness presents the most common worldwide treatment for correcting this medical hip abnormality in newborns, but becomes increasingly ineffective as subluxation increases. A dynamic finite element analysis on the hip joint would yield results that could provide insight to physicians as to how the Pavlik harness could be optimized to increase its success rate and develop patient-specific treatment plans. The study completes the first step in such an analysis by generating a three-dimensional model of an infant hip joint directly derived from computed tomography imaging in order to accurately represent the anatomical locations of muscle origins and insertions points as well as the unique cartilaginous characteristics of a neonate hip and femur. Such models will further enhance findings on the biomechanics of hip dysplasia that resulted from a preliminary study using computer-aided design to recreate the hip joint. In addition to the models, the orientation of the psoas tendon in a dysplastic hip through full range abduction and flexion was analyzed using a cadaveric dissection. It was determined that the psoas tendon was not an obstruction to reduction when the hip was in flexion so long as the tendon was not adherent to the hip capsule, and therefore can be disregarded in a finite element analysis or dynamic simulation that introduces flexion. The work of this thesis will lay the foundation for complex finite element analyses regarding the biomechanics of hip dysplasia in neonates as well as other hip abnormalities relevant to early child development.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFH0004423, ucf:45144
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004423
- Title
- Biomechanics of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip - An engineering study of closed reduction utilizing the Pavlik harness for a range of subtle to severe dislocations in infants.
- Creator
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Huayamave, Victor, Divo, Eduardo, Kassab, Alain, Reddi, Lakshmi, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is an abnormal condition where hip joint dislocation, misalignment, or instability is present in infants. Rates of incidence of DDH in newborn infants have been reported to vary between 1 and 20 per 1000 births, making it the most common congenital malformation of the musculoskeletal system. DDH early detection and treatment is critical to avoid the use of surgical treatment in infants and to prevent future complications such as osteoarthritis in adult...
Show moreDevelopmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is an abnormal condition where hip joint dislocation, misalignment, or instability is present in infants. Rates of incidence of DDH in newborn infants have been reported to vary between 1 and 20 per 1000 births, making it the most common congenital malformation of the musculoskeletal system. DDH early detection and treatment is critical to avoid the use of surgical treatment in infants and to prevent future complications such as osteoarthritis in adult life. To this day several non-surgical treatments involving the use of harnesses and braces have been proposed to treat DDH in infants, with the Pavlik harness being the current non-surgical standard used to treat DDH at early stages. Although the Pavlik harness has been proven to be successful treating subtle dislocations, severe dislocations do not always reduce. Until now the use of the harness remains an empirical method, and its effectiveness often depends on physician expertise or trial-error procedures; thus a clear guideline has not been established to determine the best optimal harness configuration to treat both subtle and severe dislocations. The goal of this dissertation is to understand the connection between reductions for subtle and severe dislocations and passive muscle forces and moments generated while the harness is used during treatment. While the understanding of DDH biomechanics will provide a valuable clinically applicable approach to optimize and increase harness success rate, it is not without its difficulties. This research has created and developed a three-dimensional based on patient-specific geometry of an infant lower limb. The kinematics and dynamics of the lower limb were defined by modeling the hip, femur, tibia, fibula, ankle, foot, and toe bones. The lines of action of five (5) adductor muscles, namely, the Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Pectineus, and Gracilis were identified as mediators of reduction and its mechanical behavior was characterized using a passive response. Four grades (1-4) of dislocation as specified by the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) were considered, and the computer model was computationally manipulated to represent physiological dislocations. To account for proper harness modeling, the femur was restrained to move in an envelope consistent with its constraints. The model of the infant lower limb has been used to analyze subtle and severe dislocations. Results are consistent with previous studies based on a simplified anatomically-consistent synthetic model and clinical reports of very low success of the Pavlik harness for severe dislocations. Furthermore the findings on this work suggest that for severe dislocations, the use of the harness could be optimized to achieve hyperflexion of the lower limb leading to successful reduction for cases where the harness fails.This approach provides three main advantages and innovations: 1) the used of patient-specific geometry to elucidate the biomechanics of DDH; 2) the ability to computationally dislocate the model to represent dislocation severity; and 3) the quantification of external forces needed to accomplish reduction for severe dislocations. This study aims to offer a practical solution to effective treatment that draws from engineering expertise and modeling capabilities and also draws upon medical input. The findings of this work will lay the foundation for future optimization of non-surgical methods critical for the treatment of DDH.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005631, ucf:50216
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005631
- Title
- Mechanism of Hip Dysplasia and Identification of the Least Energy Path for its Treatment by using the Principle of Stationary Potential Energy.
- Creator
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Zwawi, Mohammed abdulwahab m, Moslehy, Faissal, Kassab, Alain, Mansy, Hansen, Divo, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common newborn condition where the femoral head is not located in its natural position in the acetabulum (hip socket). Several treatment methods are being implemented worldwide to treat this abnormal condition. One of the most effective methods of treatment is the use of Pavlik Harness, which directs the femoral head toward the natural position inside the acetabulum. This dissertation presents a developed method for identifying the least energy...
Show moreDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common newborn condition where the femoral head is not located in its natural position in the acetabulum (hip socket). Several treatment methods are being implemented worldwide to treat this abnormal condition. One of the most effective methods of treatment is the use of Pavlik Harness, which directs the femoral head toward the natural position inside the acetabulum. This dissertation presents a developed method for identifying the least energy path that the femoral head would follow during reduction. This is achieved by utilizing a validated computational biomechanical model that allows the determination of the potential energy, and then implementing the principle of stationary potential energy. The potential energy stems from strain energy stored in the muscles and gravitational potential energy of four rigid-body components of lower limb bones. Five muscles are identified and modeled because of their effect on DDH reduction. Clinical observations indicate that reduction with the Pavlik Harness occurs passively in deep sleep under the combined effects of gravity and the constraints of the Pavlik Harness.A non-linear constitutive equation, describing the passive muscle response, is used in the potential energy computation. Different DDH abnormalities with various flexion, abduction, and hip rotation angles are considered, and least energy paths are identified. Several constraints, such as geometry and harness configuration, are considered to closely simulate real cases of DDH. Results confirm the clinical observations of two different pathways for closed reduction. The path of least energy closely approximated the modified Hoffman-Daimler method. Release of the pectineus muscle favored a more direct pathway over the posterior rim of the acetabulum. The direct path over the posterior rim of the acetabulum requires more energy. This model supports the observation that Grade IV dislocations may require manual reduction by the direct path. However, the indirect path requires less energy and may be an alternative to direct manual reduction of Grade IV infantile hip dislocations. Of great importance, as a result of this work, identifying the minimum energy path that the femoral head would travel would provide a non-surgical tool that effectively aids the surgeon in treating DDH.?
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0006022, ucf:51000
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006022
- Title
- Biomechanical Factors Influencing Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) with the Pavlik Harness.
- Creator
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Ardila, Orlando, Kassab, Alain, Moslehy, Faissal, Divo, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Biomechanical factors influencing the reduction of dislocated hips with the Pavlik harness in patients of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) were studied using a simplified three-dimensional computer model simulating hip reduction dynamics in (1) subluxated, and (2) fully dislocated hip joints. The CT-scans of a 6 month-old female infant were used to measure the geometrical features of the hip joint including acetabular and femoral head diameter, acetabular depth, and geometry of the...
Show moreBiomechanical factors influencing the reduction of dislocated hips with the Pavlik harness in patients of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) were studied using a simplified three-dimensional computer model simulating hip reduction dynamics in (1) subluxated, and (2) fully dislocated hip joints. The CT-scans of a 6 month-old female infant were used to measure the geometrical features of the hip joint including acetabular and femoral head diameter, acetabular depth, and geometry of the acetabular labrum, using the medical segmentation software Mimics. The lower extremity was modeled by three segments: thigh, leg, and foot. The mass and the location of the center of gravity of each segment were calculated using anthropometry, based on the total body mass of a 6-month old female infant at the 50th length-for-age percentile. A calibrated nonlinear stress-strain model was used to simulate muscle responses. The simplified 3D model consists of the pubis, ischium, acetabulum with labrum, and femoral head, neck, and shaft. It is capable of simulating dislocated as well as reduced hips in abduction and flexion.Five hip adductor muscles were identified as key mediators of DDH prognosis, and the non-dimensional force contribution of each in the direction necessary to achieve concentric hip reductions was determined. Results point to the adductor muscles as mediators of subluxated hip reductions, as their mechanical action is a function of the degree of hip dislocation. For subluxated hips in abduction and flexion, the Pectineus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, and proximal Adductor Magnus muscles contribute positively to reduction, while the rest of the Adductor Magnus contributes negatively. In full dislocations all muscles contribute detrimentally to reduction, elucidating the need for traction to reduce Graf IV type dislocations. Reduction of dysplastic hips was found to occur in two distinct phases: (a) release phase and (b) reduction phase.To expand the range of DDH-related problems that can be studied, an improved three-dimensional anatomical computer model was generated by combining CT-scan and muscle positional data belonging to four human subjects. This model consists of the hip bone and femora of a 10-week old female infant. It was segmented to encompass the distinct cartilaginous regions of infant anatomy, as well as the different regions of cortical and cancellous bone; these properties were retrieved from the literature. This engineering computer model of an infant anatomy is being employed for (1) the development of a complete finite element and dynamics computer model for simulations of hip dysplasia reductions using novel treatment approaches, (2) the determination of a path of least resistance in reductions of hip dysplasia based on a minimum potential energy approach, (3) the study of the mechanics of hyperflexion of the hip as alternative treatment for late-presenting cases of hip dysplasia, and (4) a comprehensive investigation of the effects of femoral anteversion angle (AV) variations in reductions of hip dysplasia. This thesis thus reports on an interdisciplinary effort between orthopedic surgeons and mechanical engineers to apply engineering fundamentals to solve medical problems. The results of this research are clinically relevant in pediatric orthopaedics.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFE0004646, ucf:49907
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004646
