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IMPACT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON BASELINE LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Title
IMPACT OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON BASELINE LEVELS OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION.
Creator
Nhan, Alex, Borgon, Robert, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Inflammation is a complex physiological response normally initiated by the innate immune system, often as a response to exposure to otherwise harmful stimuli. While generally useful in humans as a protective response to foreign matter, chronically elevated quantities of associated inflammatory factors C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta have been linked in literature with decreased overall lifespan and well-being in humans via inflammatory processes. It is possible that by...
Show moreInflammation is a complex physiological response normally initiated by the innate immune system, often as a response to exposure to otherwise harmful stimuli. While generally useful in humans as a protective response to foreign matter, chronically elevated quantities of associated inflammatory factors C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta have been linked in literature with decreased overall lifespan and well-being in humans via inflammatory processes. It is possible that by lowering these associated factors, increased well-being and lifespan may be experienced by the general population. One common health supplement with such promise is fish oil, which, through compounds eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, has been observed to decrease levels of secreted inflammatory markers in cell culture. In addition, molecular pathways have since been discovered which demonstrate possible means for which this physiological response may occur. However, despite the promise of such health benefits, studies attempting to discern the impact EPA/DHA supplementation has on inflammatory markers within humans have since emerged with mixed results. The aim of this study is to provide a meta-analysis across a number of studies to determine whether or not an impact exists through EPA/DHA supplementation in healthy populations, and if one exists, to what degree the respective inflammatory factors may be lowered.
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Date Issued
2017
Identifier
CFH2000246, ucf:46031
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000246
EFFECT OF PROPIONIC ACID-DERIVATIVE IBUPROFEN ON NEURAL STEM CALL DIFFERENTIATION; A POTENTIAL LINK TO AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Title
EFFECT OF PROPIONIC ACID-DERIVATIVE IBUPROFEN ON NEURAL STEM CALL DIFFERENTIATION; A POTENTIAL LINK TO AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER.
Creator
Samsam, Aseelia, Naser, Saleh, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Propionic acid (PPA) is a short chain fatty acid that is produced by the human gut microbiome. Propionate, butyrate and acetates are the end products of the fermentation of the complex carbohydrates by human gut friendly microbiome and are being used as sources of energy in our body. PPA is used as a food preservative against molds in various daily products and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autism. In a recent study we showed that PPA in human neuronal stem cell (NSC) culture...
Show morePropionic acid (PPA) is a short chain fatty acid that is produced by the human gut microbiome. Propionate, butyrate and acetates are the end products of the fermentation of the complex carbohydrates by human gut friendly microbiome and are being used as sources of energy in our body. PPA is used as a food preservative against molds in various daily products and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autism. In a recent study we showed that PPA in human neuronal stem cell (NSC) culture increases the astrocyte population and decreases the neuronal number and increases the inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of a propionic acid-derivative, Ibuprofen, a member of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on neural stem cells proliferation and differentiation in vitro. Ibuprofen is an over counter drug that is used for alleviating pain, headache, and fever. To examine the effect of ibuprofen on developing brain we used human NSC in vitro, exposed them to increasing concentrations of ibuprofen, and investigated neural proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that NSAIDs, not at therapeutic, but very high concentrations cause an imbalance in NSC differentiation towards glial cells, therefore causing astrogliosis seen in some cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Furthermore, upon removal of Ibuprofen, inflammatory cytokines; TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10, significantly increase (p
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFH2000579, ucf:45625
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000579
THE ROLE OF ACTIVIN A SIGNALING IN GASTRIC REFLUX-RELATED DISEASES AND THE PROGRESSION TO ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA
Title
THE ROLE OF ACTIVIN A SIGNALING IN GASTRIC REFLUX-RELATED DISEASES AND THE PROGRESSION TO ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA.
Creator
Roudebush, Cedric J., Andl, Claudia, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or acid reflux, affects 6-9 million people in the United States. It is characterized by a reflux of gastric acid and bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus, causing injuries to the esophagus known as Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is the main risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a devastating cancer in the esophagus whose molecular roots remain poorly understood. In recent years, evidence points to the esophageal...
Show moreGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or acid reflux, affects 6-9 million people in the United States. It is characterized by a reflux of gastric acid and bile salts from the stomach into the esophagus, causing injuries to the esophagus known as Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is the main risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a devastating cancer in the esophagus whose molecular roots remain poorly understood. In recent years, evidence points to the esophageal epithelium itself as responsible for causing and promoting inflammation upon injury by gastric reflux, namely via an increase in inflammatory cytokine secretion. This project was focused on a cytokine of interest, Activin A, which is known for its importance during embryogenesis and stem cell differentiation. It has recently been studied for its role in inflammation and tumor formation, but not in the case of esophageal diseases. Here, we demonstrate that Activin A signaling in esophageal epithelial cells is heavily upregulated shortly after exposure to bile salts and acid. We show evidence that this upregulation causes an increase in cell migration upon a reconstituted extracellular matrix. We also provide further evidence that bile and acid injury causes epithelial cells to secrete cytokines, which drive inflammation. We show that the upregulated Activin A secretion and signaling plays an important role in promoting this inflammatory state. Finally, we provide evidence that bile salts and acid exposure, as well as increased Activin A signaling, causes esophageal epithelial cells to upregulate stem cell and transdifferentiation markers, supporting the latest theories on the origin of Barrett' esophagus stem cells as well as paligenosis.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFH2000485, ucf:45887
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000485
Effects of an Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention on Inflammatory and Strength Changes: Influence of Age
Title
Effects of an Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention on Inflammatory and Strength Changes: Influence of Age.
Creator
Gordon, Joseph, Hoffman, Jay, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a high volume isokinetic intervention on lower body strength and inflammation, as well as markers of muscle damage in the subsequent 48 hours between younger and middle-aged men. METHODS: 19 healthy, recreationally trained men were randomly assigned to two groups, younger adults (YA: 21.8 (&)#177; 2.0 y; 90.7 (&)#177; 11.6 kg; 21.5 (&)#177; 4.1 % body fat), or middle-aged adults (MA: 47.0 (&)#177; 4.4 y; 96.0 (&)#177; 21.5; 24.8...
Show morePURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a high volume isokinetic intervention on lower body strength and inflammation, as well as markers of muscle damage in the subsequent 48 hours between younger and middle-aged men. METHODS: 19 healthy, recreationally trained men were randomly assigned to two groups, younger adults (YA: 21.8 (&)#177; 2.0 y; 90.7 (&)#177; 11.6 kg; 21.5 (&)#177; 4.1 % body fat), or middle-aged adults (MA: 47.0 (&)#177; 4.4 y; 96.0 (&)#177; 21.5; 24.8 (&)#177; 6.3 % body fat). Both groups reported to the human performance laboratory (HPL) on four separate occasions. On the first visit (D1), anthropometric assessment, as well as a familiarization session with the isokinetic dynamometer, was performed. A muscle damaging protocol (HVP) was performed on the second visit (D2) consisting of 8 sets of 10 repetitions at 60(&)deg;(&)#183;sec-1 on the isokinetic dynamometer. An assessment protocol (AP) was performed to assess performance decrements between the YA and MA groups. For this protocol, a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was performed, as well as 3 isokinetic kicks at 2 different speeds (240(&)deg;(&)#183;sec-1 and 60(&)deg;(&)#183;sec-1). For the MVIC, values for peak torque (PKT), average torque (AVGT), rate of torque development at 100 ms (RTD100), and 200 ms (RTD200) were recorded. For the isokinetic kicks at 240(&)deg;(&)#183;sec-1 (ISK240) and 60(&)deg;(&)#183;sec-1 (ISK60), values were also recorded for peak torque (PKT), average torque (AVGT), as well as peak power (PP), and average power (AVGP). The AP was performed before the HVP (BL), immediately after the HVP (IP), 120 minutes after the HVP (120P), as well as one (24H) and two (48H) days following the HVP. Blood draws were also taken at BL, IP, 24H, and 48H, as well as 30 minutes (30P), and 60 minutes (60P) following the HVP to assess circulating levels of creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), c-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Ultrasound assessment was also performed at BL and IP as well to assess changes in muscle morphology as a result of the intervention. Performance, blood, and ultrasound markers were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA to observe between group comparisons for all of the outcome variables. RESULTS: There were no group differences observed for isometric or isokinetic peak torque or average torque, nor were there differences in isokinetic peak power or average power between the two groups as a result of the intervention. There were, however, differences in the pattern for rate of torque development at 100 ms and 200 ms between the two groups. RTD 100 was decreased at IP and 48H in YA, with MA showing decreases at IP, but also 120P and 24H unlike YA. RTD200 was decreased at all time points in YA, while MA was decreased at IP, 24H, and 48H, but not 120P. For markers of muscle damage and inflammation, there were no differences in the response of Mb, CK, CRP, or IL-6 between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Age does not appear to be a driving factor in the inflammatory or muscle damage response from a high volume isokinetic intervention. Though changes in peak torque and average torque from a high volume isokinetic intervention do not seem to differ between younger and middle-aged adults, the rate of torque production at 100ms and 200ms is different between groups. This suggests that while recovery to average or maximal strength after an exercise bout may not be affected greatly by age, the rate of neuromuscular recovery from exercise may be primarily affected by other factors such as training status.
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Date Issued
2017
Identifier
CFE0006594, ucf:51259
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006594
Resistance Exercise Elicits Selective Mobilization and Adhesion Characteristics of Granulocytes and Monocyte Subsets
Title
Resistance Exercise Elicits Selective Mobilization and Adhesion Characteristics of Granulocytes and Monocyte Subsets.
Creator
Jajtner, Adam, Hoffman, Jay, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, Radom-Aizik, Shlomit, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Resistance exercise eliciting muscle damage results in an immune response, leading to increases in circulating cytokines, and immune cell mobilization. Classical monocytes respond to muscle damage, however, little is known about the intermediate or nonclassical monocyte response to resistance exercise. Moreover, the impact of polyphenol supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise on the innate immune response is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the immune response...
Show moreResistance exercise eliciting muscle damage results in an immune response, leading to increases in circulating cytokines, and immune cell mobilization. Classical monocytes respond to muscle damage, however, little is known about the intermediate or nonclassical monocyte response to resistance exercise. Moreover, the impact of polyphenol supplementation in conjunction with resistance exercise on the innate immune response is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the immune response following resistance exercise with (PPB) and without (PL) polyphenol supplementation. Thirty-nine untrained men were randomized into three groups: PPB (n=13, 21.8(&)#177;2.5yrs, 171.2(&)#177;5.5cm, 71.2(&)#177;8.2kg), PL (n=15, 21.6(&)#177;2.5yrs, 176.5(&)#177;4.9cm, 84.0(&)#177;15.7kg) or a control group (CON) (23.3(&)#177;4.1yrs, 173.6(&)#177;12.0cm, 77.8(&)#177;15.6kg). Blood samples were obtained pre- (PRE), immediately- (IP), 1- (1H), 5- (5H), 24- (24H), 48- (48H) and 96- (96H) hours post-exercise (PPB/PL). CON rested for one hour between PRE and IP blood draws. Changes in granulocyte and monocyte subset proportions and adhesion characteristics (CD11b) were assessed via flow cytometry, while plasma cytokine concentrations and markers of muscle damage were analyzed via multiplex and spectrophotometric assays, respectively. Creatine Kinase and myoglobin were elevated at each time point for PPB and PL (p (<) 0.050). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was significantly elevated at IP in PPB (p = 0.005) and PL (p = 0.006) and significantly greater than CON at 5H (PPB: p (<) 0.001; PL: p = 0.006). Granulocyte proportions were elevated at 1H (p (<) 0.001), 5H (p (<) 0.001) and 24H (p = 0.005; p = 0.006) in PPB and PL, respectively. Classical monocyte proportions were lower in PPB (p = 0.008) and PL (p = 0.003) than CON at IP, and significantly greater than CON at 1H (PPB: p = 0.002; PL: p = 0.006). Nonclassical monocyte proportions were significantly greater in PPB (p = 0.020) and PL (p = 0.028) than CON at IP. Intermediate monocyte proportions were significantly greater in PPB (p = 0.034) and PL (p = 0.001) than CON at IP, and significantly lower than CON at 1H (PPB: p = 0.003; PL: p = 0.008). Intermediate monocyte proportions were also significantly greater in PPB than CON at 24H (p = 0.016) and 48H (p = 0.007). At PRE, CD11b expression was significantly lower in the PPB group than CON and PL for intermediate (p = 0.017; p = 0.045) and nonclassical (p (<) 0.001, p = 0.019) monocytes, respectively. When groups were combined, CD11b expression was significantly elevated from PRE at IP (p (<) 0.001) and 1H (p = 0.015) on granulocytes. CD11b expression on classical monocytes was significantly elevated compared to PRE at 1H (p (<) 0.001), 5H (p = 0.033) and 24H (p = 0.004) when groups were combined. CD11b expression on intermediate monocytes was significantly elevated compared to PRE at 1H (p (<) 0.001) when groups were combined. Intermediate and nonclassical monocyte proportions also showed significant positive correlations with markers of muscle damage (r = 0.361 to 0.775, p(<)0.05). Results indicated that resistance exercise in novice lifters may elicit a selective mobilization of intermediate monocytes at 24h and 48H, and that muscle damage may be related to increases in intermediate and nonclassical monocytes. In addition, polyphenol supplementation appeared to suppress CD11b expression on monocytes to resistance exercise.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006119, ucf:51177
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006119
Effects of an Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention on Circulating Levels of TNF-? and STNFR: Influence of Age
Title
Effects of an Acute High-Volume Isokinetic Intervention on Circulating Levels of TNF-? and STNFR: Influence of Age.
Creator
Arroyo Delgado, Eliott, Wells, Adam, Hoffman, Jay, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The immune system has been implicated in recovery and muscle regeneration following exercise. In response to muscle damage, the immune system responds with an increase in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines with the goal of recruiting leukocytes to the damaged area. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-?), in particular, has been shown to be implicated in both muscle regeneration and muscle wasting. However, it remains unclear whether TNF-? is responsible for the age-related losses in muscle...
Show moreThe immune system has been implicated in recovery and muscle regeneration following exercise. In response to muscle damage, the immune system responds with an increase in circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines with the goal of recruiting leukocytes to the damaged area. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-?), in particular, has been shown to be implicated in both muscle regeneration and muscle wasting. However, it remains unclear whether TNF-? is responsible for the age-related losses in muscle size and function. Also, due to the high clearance rate of TNF-? from circulation, analyzing the circulating levels of soluble TNF-? receptors 1 and 2 (STNFR1 and STNFR2) may provide a better indication of inflammatory events. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare changes in circulating levels of TNF-?, STNFR1, and STNFR2 following an acute muscle damaging intervention in young age (YA) and middle-aged (MA) males. Recreationally active young (YA; N=9, 21.8 (&)#177; 2.2 y, 179.5 (&)#177; 4.9 cm, 91.2 (&)#177; 12.2 kg, 21.8 (&)#177; 4.3% BF) and middle-aged (MA; N=10, 47.0 (&)#177; 4.4 y, 176.8 (&)#177; 7.6 cm; 96.0 (&)#177; 21.5 kg, 25.4 (&)#177; 5.3% BF) males completed an acute muscle damaging protocol (MDP). Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30 minutes (30P), 60 minutes (60P), 120 minutes (120P), 24 hours (24H), and 48 hours (48H) post-MDP. Lower body performance was analyzed via isokinetic dynamometer at BL, IP, 120P, 24H, and 48H. No significant group x time interactions or main group effects were observed for TNF-?, STNFR1, STNFR2 or any marker of muscle damage. When collapsed across groups, plasma lactate was significantly elevated at IP (p (<) 0.001) and 30P (p = 0.003); serum myoglobin was increased at 30P (p = 0.002), 60P (p = 0.001), and 120P (p = 0.007); creatine kinase was elevated at 24H (p = 0.001) and 48H (p = 0.005). Plasma concentrations of TNF-? were unchanged following MDP. With both groups combined, serum STNFR1 was decreased at 30P (p = 0.001) and increased at 48H (p = 0.028). Serum STNFR2 was decreased at 30P (p = 0.008), 60P (p = 0.003), and 120P (p = 0.002). The results of this study indicate that the TNF-? and STNFRs response to exercise is similar between young and middle-aged males. Measuring STNFRs may be a more appropriate method of assessing the acute inflammatory response to muscle damage. In addition, an acute bout of exercise may attenuate ectodomain shedding of TNFR1 and TNFR2.
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Date Issued
2017
Identifier
CFE0006561, ucf:51350
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006561
Acute Pro-inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols in Trained Men
Title
Acute Pro-inflammatory Immune Response Following Different Resistance Exercise Protocols in Trained Men.
Creator
Wells, Adam, Hoffman, Jay, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, Oliveira, Leonardo, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The successful regeneration of muscle tissue is dependent upon the infiltration of phagocytic CD14++CD16- monocytes that support the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Physiologically, the magnitude of the cellular response following resistance exercise is dictated by the level of receptor expression on the plasma membrane of the monocyte, as well as the secretion of their cognate ligands from tissue resident cells. However, it remains unclear whether the innate...
Show moreThe successful regeneration of muscle tissue is dependent upon the infiltration of phagocytic CD14++CD16- monocytes that support the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic precursor cells. Physiologically, the magnitude of the cellular response following resistance exercise is dictated by the level of receptor expression on the plasma membrane of the monocyte, as well as the secretion of their cognate ligands from tissue resident cells. However, it remains unclear whether the innate pro-inflammatory immune response varies with different resistance training protocols, and how it may impact recovery and the muscle remodeling process. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine temporal changes in the expression of chemotactic and adhesion receptors following an acute bout of high-volume, moderate-intensity (VOL) versus high-intensity, low-volume (HVY) lower-body resistance exercise in experienced, resistance trained men. Changes in receptor expression were assessed in conjunction with plasma concentrations of MCP-1, TNF?, and cortisol. Ten resistance-trained men (90.1 (&)#177; 11.3 kg; 176.0 (&)#177; 4.9 cm; 24.7 (&)#177; 3.4 yrs; 14.1 (&)#177; 6.1% body fat) performed each resistance exercise protocol in a random, counterbalanced order. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30 minutes (30P), 1 hour (1H), 2 hours (2H), and 5 hours (5H) post-exercise. Analysis of target receptor expression on CD14++CD16- monocytes was completed at BL, IP, 1H, 2H and 5H time points via flow cytometric analysis. Plasma concentrations of myoglobin, and LDH AUC were significantly greater following HVY compared to VOL (p = 0.003 and p = 0.010 respectively). Changes in plasma TNF?, MCP-1, and expression of CCR2, CD11b, and GCR on CD14++CD16- monocytes were similar following HVY and VOL. When collapsed across groups, TNF? was significantly increased at IP, 30P, 1H and 2H post-exercise (p = 0.001 (-) 0.004), while MCP-1 was significantly elevated at all post-exercise time points (p = 0.002 (-) 0.033). CCR2 expression was significantly lower at IP, 1H, 2H and 5H post-exercise (p = 0.020 (-) 0.040). In contrast, CD11b receptor expression was significantly greater at 1H relative to BL (p = 0.001), while GCR expression was not significantly different from baseline at any time point. As expected, plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly higher following VOL compared to HVY (p = 0.001), although this did not appear to be related to changes in receptor expression. Plasma testosterone concentrations and TNFr1 receptor expression did not appear to be affected by resistance exercise. Our results do not support a role for cortisol in the modulation of CCR2 receptors in vivo, while the degree of muscle damage does not appear to influence plasma concentrations of TNF?, or MCP-1. It is therefore likely that both HVY and VOL protocols constitute an exercise stimulus that is sufficient enough to promote a robust pro-inflammatory response, which is similar in timing and magnitude.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005736, ucf:50088
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005736