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- Title
- DEVELOPING FOURTH GRADERS' PROFICIENCY IN BASIC MULTIPLICATION FACTS THROUGH STRATEGY INSTRUCTION.
- Creator
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Braddock, Stacey, Dixon, Juli, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The purpose of this action research study was to evaluate my own practice of teaching basic multiplication facts to fourth graders. I wanted to see how focusing my instruction on strategies would help my students develop proficiency in basic multiplication facts. I chose this topic because Florida was in the process of shifting to new standards that encourage teaching for deeper meaning. I hoped this research would give my students the opportunity to make sense of multiplication on a deeper...
Show moreThe purpose of this action research study was to evaluate my own practice of teaching basic multiplication facts to fourth graders. I wanted to see how focusing my instruction on strategies would help my students develop proficiency in basic multiplication facts. I chose this topic because Florida was in the process of shifting to new standards that encourage teaching for deeper meaning. I hoped this research would give my students the opportunity to make sense of multiplication on a deeper level, while giving me insight into how students learn multiplication. Through this study, I learned that students initially find multiplication to be very difficult, but they can solve basic facts with ease when using strategies. Students did become more proficient with basic multiplication facts, and they were also able to apply basic fact strategies to extended facts and other multidigit multiplication problems. There is a limited amount of research on how students acquire basic multiplication fact proficiency; however, this study offers more insight to teachers and the research community.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- Identifier
- CFE0003023, ucf:48370
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003023
- Title
- PREDICTING LICENSING EXAMINATION PERFORMANCE WITH COGNITIVE STYLE AND REACTIVE BEHAVIOR PATTERN ASSESSMENTS.
- Creator
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Combs, Daniel Paul, Dziuban, Charles D., University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Candidates for Florida real estate sales associate licensure responded to a two-part questionnaire based on William A. Long's Reactive Behavior Patterns Theory and Robert J. Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. Examination scores were converted to a dichotomous pass/fail variable based on the Florida Real Estate Commission-mandated cut-off score of 75 correctly answered questions out of 100. The candidates' responses to the questionnaire comprising the Long-Dziuban Inventory and the...
Show moreCandidates for Florida real estate sales associate licensure responded to a two-part questionnaire based on William A. Long's Reactive Behavior Patterns Theory and Robert J. Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. Examination scores were converted to a dichotomous pass/fail variable based on the Florida Real Estate Commission-mandated cut-off score of 75 correctly answered questions out of 100. The candidates' responses to the questionnaire comprising the Long-Dziuban Inventory and the Cognitive Strengths Task List based on Sternberg's theory, were crosstabulated with pass/fail to identify differential passing proportions, if any, based on reactive behavior pattern and/or cognitive strength. An ANOVA procedure was used with the raw scores to determine whether statistically significant differences in mean exam scores existed between the four Long Types and the three Cognitive Types adapted from Sternberg's theory. The data were subjected to similar analyses to ascertain whether the ancillary traits described by Long were predictive of exam performance. A crosstabulation of Long Type by Cognitive (Sternberg) Type was performed to find out if any significant relationships existed between the several dimensions of the Long-Dziuban Inventory and the Cognitive Strengths Task List. The results revealed a moderate statistically significant relationship between exam performance and cognitive strength, with analytical types and creative types having the greatest exam success. Tenuous relationships were identified between exam performance and the Long types and traits and between the Long-based and the Sternberg-based components of the research instrument. Although the results of this study did not establish definitive relationships between the Long and Sternberg constructs, by combining them into a measure of cognitive style, it forged a framework for future research into the relationship between licensing examination performance and cognitive styles. Within this framework are theiiicomponents of a predictive model potentially useful for identifying not only real estate licensing exam performance but also for identifying persons likely to succeed in the real estate industry
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- Identifier
- CFE0000036, ucf:46119
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000036
- Title
- MATRIARCHS AND SWEETHEARTS AND REBELS, OH MY! ARCHETYPES AS AN APPROACH TO MULTIPLE GROUP MEMBERSHIP.
- Creator
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Gebben, Alissa, Fritzsche, Barbara, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The purpose of this thesis was to examine a potential cognitive mechanism for simultaneous processing of age, race, and gender schemas. Marcus and Fritzsche (2014) propose that the outcome of the tripartite relationship of age, race, and sex are associated with archetypes, and that these archetypes categorize different intersections uniquely. To facilitate this, age groups selected were "old" and "young", race groups selected were "Black" and "White", and sex/gender groups selected were ...
Show moreThe purpose of this thesis was to examine a potential cognitive mechanism for simultaneous processing of age, race, and gender schemas. Marcus and Fritzsche (2014) propose that the outcome of the tripartite relationship of age, race, and sex are associated with archetypes, and that these archetypes categorize different intersections uniquely. To facilitate this, age groups selected were "old" and "young", race groups selected were "Black" and "White", and sex/gender groups selected were "female" and "male". Several photographs representing each intersection were selected from LinkedIn for use in the pilot study, which were rated via a survey measuring the target's stereotype, and the items included were chosen with the intent of selecting archetypal pictures for the main study that were the relatively equivalent across several dimensions. The main study used the selected photographs to address perceptions of participants (n=84) regarding adjectives used to represent each of the eight archetype conditions. Results suggest partial support for the proposed archetype theory, but the study faced limitations with respects to the photographs used in the main study. Inconsistencies with the literature suggest that the archetypes may been measured improperly, were conceived incorrectly, or do not exist. However, this study serves as a step towards understanding the complex relationship between a person's age, race, and sex.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFH0004869, ucf:45434
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004869
- Title
- The Actor Process: Playing Multiple Characters.
- Creator
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Brown, Danielle, Boyd, Belinda, Shafer, John, McDonald, Holly, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
This study examines the process used while preparing for the role of Daughter in Jim Helsinger's adaptation of A Christmas Carol: Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, performed at the Orlando Shakespeare Theater (OST). Within the framework of the play, Daughter is a character who is transformed into multiple roles. Her characters include Charity Collector, Belle, Martha Cratchit, Miner, Fred's Wife and Quarreler #1.Presented with the challenge of playing multiple roles in the same production, I...
Show moreThis study examines the process used while preparing for the role of Daughter in Jim Helsinger's adaptation of A Christmas Carol: Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, performed at the Orlando Shakespeare Theater (OST). Within the framework of the play, Daughter is a character who is transformed into multiple roles. Her characters include Charity Collector, Belle, Martha Cratchit, Miner, Fred's Wife and Quarreler #1.Presented with the challenge of playing multiple roles in the same production, I sought efficient and straightforward character development and analysis methods to strengthen my performance. Using Uta Hagen's nine questions as a scaffold, I composed a distinguishing analysis for each of my characters while utilizing skills cultivated in my MFA program at the University of Central Florida. I created an actor process motivated by the examination of my identity and circumstances at this point in my life. It is supported by a rehearsal and performance journal detailing my journey, followed by analysis.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006270, ucf:51034
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006270
- Title
- A DIALECTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS DESIGN.
- Creator
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Elgarah, Wafa, Courtney, James, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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As organizations continue to grow in size, reaching global proportions, they have ever increasing impacts on their environments. Some believe that a much broader array of concerns should be brought into organizational decision-making processes, including greater consideration of social, political, ethical and aesthetic factors (Mitroff and Linstone, 1993; Courtney, 2001). Decision environments such as these are decidedly "wicked" (Rittel and Webber, 1973). Designing decision support systems...
Show moreAs organizations continue to grow in size, reaching global proportions, they have ever increasing impacts on their environments. Some believe that a much broader array of concerns should be brought into organizational decision-making processes, including greater consideration of social, political, ethical and aesthetic factors (Mitroff and Linstone, 1993; Courtney, 2001). Decision environments such as these are decidedly "wicked" (Rittel and Webber, 1973). Designing decision support systems in such environments where there is a high level of interconnectedness, issues are overlapping and a multiplicity of stakeholders is involved, is a very complex task. In this dissertation a methodology for the development of a DSS for wicked situations is proposed using the design theory building process suggested by Walls et al. (1992). This proposed theory is based on dialectic theory and the multiple perspective approach suggested by Linstone and Mitroff (1993). The design process consists of identifying relevant stakeholders, their respective worldviews, and conflicts in these worldviews. A design (thesis) and "counter design" (antithesis) are created, and a prototype systems based on these designs are developed. These prototypes are then presented to the different stakeholder groups who engage in a dialogue which leads to the development of a synthesized design. The process is repeated until all conflicts are resolved or resources are exhausted, and a final system is produced. Using action research and system development research methodologies, the proposed design theory was applied to zoning decision process in Orange County, Florida. The results of this study led to the following: 1. It is feasible to implement the MPDP methodology proposed in this dissertation. 2. The MPDP methodology resulted in a synthesized design that accommodates the different views of the stakeholders. 3. The MPDP methodology is suitable for contentious situations and may not be feasible for structured decisions. 4. Most of the subjects did achieve a more understanding of the decision process. These results suggest that the MPDP design theory can be effective in developing decision support systems in contentious situations.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2005
- Identifier
- CFE0000883, ucf:46637
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000883
- Title
- MULTIPLE VIEW GEOMETRY FOR VIDEO ANALYSIS AND POST-PRODUCTION.
- Creator
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Cao, Xiaochun, Foroosh, Hassan, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Multiple view geometry is the foundation of an important class of computer vision techniques for simultaneous recovery of camera motion and scene structure from a set of images. There are numerous important applications in this area. Examples include video post-production, scene reconstruction, registration, surveillance, tracking, and segmentation. In video post-production, which is the topic being addressed in this dissertation, computer analysis of the motion of the camera can replace the...
Show moreMultiple view geometry is the foundation of an important class of computer vision techniques for simultaneous recovery of camera motion and scene structure from a set of images. There are numerous important applications in this area. Examples include video post-production, scene reconstruction, registration, surveillance, tracking, and segmentation. In video post-production, which is the topic being addressed in this dissertation, computer analysis of the motion of the camera can replace the currently used manual methods for correctly aligning an artificially inserted object in a scene. However, existing single view methods typically require multiple vanishing points, and therefore would fail when only one vanishing point is available. In addition, current multiple view techniques, making use of either epipolar geometry or trifocal tensor, do not exploit fully the properties of constant or known camera motion. Finally, there does not exist a general solution to the problem of synchronization of N video sequences of distinct general scenes captured by cameras undergoing similar ego-motions, which is the necessary step for video post-production among different input videos. This dissertation proposes several advancements that overcome these limitations. These advancements are used to develop an efficient framework for video analysis and post-production in multiple cameras. In the first part of the dissertation, the novel inter-image constraints are introduced that are particularly useful for scenes where minimal information is available. This result extends the current state-of-the-art in single view geometry techniques to situations where only one vanishing point is available. The property of constant or known camera motion is also described in this dissertation for applications such as calibration of a network of cameras in video surveillance systems, and Euclidean reconstruction from turn-table image sequences in the presence of zoom and focus. We then propose a new framework for the estimation and alignment of camera motions, including both simple (panning, tracking and zooming) and complex (e.g. hand-held) camera motions. Accuracy of these results is demonstrated by applying our approach to video post-production applications such as video cut-and-paste and shadow synthesis. As realistic image-based rendering problems, these applications require extreme accuracy in the estimation of camera geometry, the position and the orientation of the light source, and the photometric properties of the resulting cast shadows. In each case, the theoretical results are fully supported and illustrated by both numerical simulations and thorough experimentation on real data.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- Identifier
- CFE0001014, ucf:46840
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001014
- Title
- Human Action Detection, Tracking and Segmentation in Videos.
- Creator
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Tian, Yicong, Shah, Mubarak, Bagci, Ulas, Liu, Fei, Walker, John, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
This dissertation addresses the problem of human action detection, human tracking and segmentation in videos. They are fundamental tasks in computer vision and are extremely challenging to solve in realistic videos. We first propose a novel approach for action detection by exploring the generalization of deformable part models from 2D images to 3D spatiotemporal volumes. By focusing on the most distinctive parts of each action, our models adapt to intra-class variation and show robustness to...
Show moreThis dissertation addresses the problem of human action detection, human tracking and segmentation in videos. They are fundamental tasks in computer vision and are extremely challenging to solve in realistic videos. We first propose a novel approach for action detection by exploring the generalization of deformable part models from 2D images to 3D spatiotemporal volumes. By focusing on the most distinctive parts of each action, our models adapt to intra-class variation and show robustness to clutter. This approach deals with detecting action performed by a single person. When there are multiple humans in the scene, humans need to be segmented and tracked from frame to frame before action recognition can be performed. Next, we propose a novel approach for multiple object tracking (MOT) by formulating detection and data association in one framework. Our method allows us to overcome the confinements of data association based MOT approaches, where the performance is dependent on the object detection results provided at input level. We show that automatically detecting and tracking targets in a single framework can help resolve the ambiguities due to frequent occlusion and heavy articulation of targets. In this tracker, targets are represented by bounding boxes, which is a coarse representation. However, pixel-wise object segmentation provides fine level information, which is desirable for later tasks. Finally, we propose a tracker that simultaneously solves three main problems: detection, data association and segmentation. This is especially important because the output of each of those three problems are highly correlated and the solution of one can greatly help improve the others. The proposed approach achieves more accurate segmentation results and also helps better resolve typical difficulties in multiple target tracking, such as occlusion, ID-switch and track drifting.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007378, ucf:52069
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007378
- Title
- CHANGES IN RUNNING AND MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKING PERFORMANCE DURING A 90-MINUTE INTERMITTENT SOCCER PERFORMANCE TEST (iSPT). A PILOT STUDY.
- Creator
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Girts, Ryan, Wells, Adam, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, Hoffman, Jay, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Multiple object tracking (MOT) is a cognitive process that involves the active processing of dynamic visual information. In athletes, MOT speed is critical for maintaining spatial awareness of teammates, opponents, and the ball while moving at high velocities during a match. Understanding how MOT speed changes throughout the course of a competitive game may enhance strategies for maintaining optimal player performance. The objective of this study was to examine changes in MOT speed and...
Show moreMultiple object tracking (MOT) is a cognitive process that involves the active processing of dynamic visual information. In athletes, MOT speed is critical for maintaining spatial awareness of teammates, opponents, and the ball while moving at high velocities during a match. Understanding how MOT speed changes throughout the course of a competitive game may enhance strategies for maintaining optimal player performance. The objective of this study was to examine changes in MOT speed and running performance during a 90-minute intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT). A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between aerobic capacity and changes in MOT speed.Seven competitive female soccer players age: 20.4 (&)#177; 1.8 y, height: 166.7 (&)#177; 3.2 cm, weight: 62.4 (&)#177; 4.0 kg, VO2max: 45.8 (&)#177; 4.6 ml/kg/min-1) completed an intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT) on a Curve(TM) non-motorized treadmill (cNMT). The iSPT was divided into two 45-minute halves with a 15-minute halftime [HT] interval, and consisted of six individualized velocity zones. Velocity zones were consistent with previous time motion analyses of competitive soccer matches and based upon individual peak sprint speeds (PSS) as follows: standing (0% PSS, 17.8% of iSPT), walking (20% PSS, 36.4% of iSPT), jogging (35% PSS, 24.0% of iSPT), running (50% PSS, 11.6% of iSPT), fast running (60% PSS, 3.6% of iSPT), and sprinting (80% PSS, 6.7% of iSPT). Stand, walk, jog and run zones were combined to create a low-speed zone (LS). Fast run and sprint zones were combined to create a high-speed zone (HS). MOT speed was assessed at baseline (0 min.) and three times during each half of the iSPT. Dependent t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to analyze the data. Across 15-minute time blocks, significant decreases in distance covered and average speed were noted for jogging, sprinting, low-speed running, high-speed running, and total distance (p's (<) 0.05). Players covered significantly less total distance during the second half compared to the first (p = 0.025). Additionally, significant decreases in distance covered and average speed were observed during the second half for the sprint and HS zones (p's ? 0.008). No significant main effect was noted for MOT speed across 15-minute time blocks. A trend towards a decrease in MOT speed was observed between halves (p = 0.056). A significant correlation was observed between the change in MOT speed and VO2max (r = 0.888, p = 0.007). The fatigue associated with 90 minutes of soccer specific running negatively influenced running performance during the second half. However, increased aerobic capacity appears to be associated with an attenuation of cognitive decline during 90-minutes of soccer specific running. Results of this study indicate the importance of aerobic capacity on maintaining spatial awareness during a match.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007183, ucf:52290
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007183
- Title
- The Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator and the Generalization of Lewis' Invariant.
- Creator
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Reinhart, Daniel, Shivamoggi, Bhimsen, Kokoouline, Viatcheslav, Dove, Adrienne, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
In this thesis, we determine an asymptotic solution for the one dimensional relativistic harmonicoscillator using multiple scale analysis and relate the resulting invariant to Lewis' invariant. Wethen generalize the equations leading to Lewis' invariant so they are relativistically correct. Nextwe attempt to find an asymptotic solution for the general equations by making simplifying assumptionson the parameter characterizing the adiabatic nature of the system. The first term inthe series for...
Show moreIn this thesis, we determine an asymptotic solution for the one dimensional relativistic harmonicoscillator using multiple scale analysis and relate the resulting invariant to Lewis' invariant. Wethen generalize the equations leading to Lewis' invariant so they are relativistically correct. Nextwe attempt to find an asymptotic solution for the general equations by making simplifying assumptionson the parameter characterizing the adiabatic nature of the system. The first term inthe series for Lewis' invariant corresponds to the adiabatic invariant for systems whose frequencyvaries slowly. For the relativistic case we find a new conserved quantity and seek to explore itsinterpretation.iii
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007712, ucf:52434
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007712
- Title
- THE EFFECTS OF A RATIO-BASED TEACHING SEQUENCE ON PERFORMANCE IN FRACTION EQUIVALENCY FOR STUDENTS WITH MATHEMATICS DISABILITIES.
- Creator
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Hunt, Jessica, Dieker, Lisa, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This study examined the effects of a ratio-based supplemental teaching sequence on third grade students' equivalent fraction performance as measured by a curriculum-based measure and a standardized test. Participants included students identified as being learning disabled in mathematics (MLD), struggling (SS), or typically achieving (TA). Nineteen students were assigned to the experimental group and 19 additional students formed the control group. The difference between the two groups was...
Show moreThis study examined the effects of a ratio-based supplemental teaching sequence on third grade students' equivalent fraction performance as measured by a curriculum-based measure and a standardized test. Participants included students identified as being learning disabled in mathematics (MLD), struggling (SS), or typically achieving (TA). Nineteen students were assigned to the experimental group and 19 additional students formed the control group. The difference between the two groups was that the experimental group received the ratio-based teaching sequence. Both groups continued to receive textbook based instruction in fraction equivalency concepts in their regular mathematics classroom. Qualitative interviews were employed to further investigate the thinking of each of the three types of students in the study. Analysis of the data indicated that students in the experimental group outperformed the control group on both the curriculum-based measure and the standardized measure of fraction equivalency All students who participated in ratio-based instruction had a higher performance in fraction equivalency than those who did not. Performance on the CBM and the standardized measure of fraction equivalency improved significantly from pre to post test for students who struggled; their performance also transferred to standardized measures. Qualitative analysis revealed that a focal student with MLD, while improving his ability to think multiplicatively, had misconceptions about fractions as ratios that persisted even after the intervention was completed. Implications for instruction, teacher preparation, and future research are provided.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0004003, ucf:49170
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004003
- Title
- Three essays on applications of intrahousehold resource allocation models.
- Creator
-
Pamornpathomkul, Santikorn, Dickie, Mark, Gerking, Shelby, Scrogin, David, Rutstrom, Elisabet, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This dissertation consists of three chapters on the topic of intrahousehold resource allocation models. The first chapter tests the unitary and general collective models of intrahousehold resource allocation for various household compositions. I find that, for the quasi-quadratic Engel curve specification, the overall results support the previous findings in the literature that the unitary model fails to explain how resources are allocated for all household types. However, when using the...
Show moreThis dissertation consists of three chapters on the topic of intrahousehold resource allocation models. The first chapter tests the unitary and general collective models of intrahousehold resource allocation for various household compositions. I find that, for the quasi-quadratic Engel curve specification, the overall results support the previous findings in the literature that the unitary model fails to explain how resources are allocated for all household types. However, when using the QUAIDS specification, the results can reject the unitary model only for smaller-sized households. The general collective model, on the other hand, cannot be rejected in either quasi-quadratic or QUAIDS and not in any of the household compositions. Overall, the results support the general collective model of household behavior rather than the unitary model.The second chapter derives and tests restrictions imposed by the collective model for households with more than two decision-makers in the absence of price variation. It extends the two-decision-maker model in chapter one to derive the testable restrictions for households with multiple decision makers using unconditional demand systems. Moreover, for comparison, a particular type of demand system that is conditional on distribution factors is also estimated as an alternative way to test the collective model. The results show that neither unconditional nor conditional demand systems can reject Pareto efficiency. Therefore, both approaches provide consistent outcomes supporting the hypothesis that the multiple-decision-maker households in Thailand behave in the Pareto efficient manner predicted by the collective model.Finally, my third chapter attempts to examine how one can exploit household-level consumption data to recover information about individual household members for situations with no price variation. By combining consumption data from single and couple households, I am able to estimate the resource shares and indifference scales (a variation of the standard equivalence scales in the collective settings) for each household member via a system of Engel curves. The results show that, in Thailand, wives are likely to have higher resource shares than husbands in the married-couple households, while wives with higher education have the ability to extract more household resources. However, resource shares for wives are smaller for older-married compared to younger-married couples. Moreover, if a female were to live alone, she would need approximately three-quarters of the couple's income to reach the same indifference curve, and hence the same standard of living, that she would attain as a wife in the married-couple household.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0004150, ucf:49057
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004150
- Title
- ISSUES IN VALIDITY GENERALIZATION: THE CRITERION PROBLEM.
- Creator
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Hodge, Raquel, Wooten, William, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Schmidt and HunterÂÂ's validity generalization model poses seven sources of error variance affecting validation studies. Of the seven sources of error variance, only four sources have been tested. This study looks at an additional source of error variance, the difference between studies in the amount and kind of criterion contamination and deficiency, as proposed by Schmidt and Hunter. The current study proposes a method of evaluating criterion contamination and...
Show moreSchmidt and HunterÂÂ's validity generalization model poses seven sources of error variance affecting validation studies. Of the seven sources of error variance, only four sources have been tested. This study looks at an additional source of error variance, the difference between studies in the amount and kind of criterion contamination and deficiency, as proposed by Schmidt and Hunter. The current study proposes a method of evaluating criterion contamination and deficiency in criterion measures in order to minimize their effects on the relationship between criterion and predictor measures. Two unique criteria are used including a traditional subjective measure of current performance and a non-traditional subjective measure of expandability (future performance). Data from 378 employees from a large international financial institution were used to test the proposed method. Results do not support the hypotheses. Single criteria predicted the same or better than the combined criteria, suggesting that the criterion problem was not addressed. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. An unexpected finding supports the utility of personality measures compared to cognitive ability measures. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications and limitations of the study as well as directions for future research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- Identifier
- CFE0003158, ucf:48609
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003158
- Title
- VARIATIONAL EMBEDDED SOLITONS, AND TRAVELING WAVETRAINS GENERATED BY GENERALIZED HOPF BIFURCATIONS, IN SOME NLPDE SYSTEMS.
- Creator
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Smith, Todd, Choudhury, Roy, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
In this Ph.D. thesis, we study regular and embedded solitons and generalized and degenerate Hopf bifurcations. These two areas of work are seperate and independent from each other. First, variational methods are employed to generate families of both regular and embedded solitary wave solutions for a generalized Pochhammer PDE and a generalized microstructure PDE that are currently of great interest. The technique for obtaining the embedded solitons incorporates several recent generalizations...
Show moreIn this Ph.D. thesis, we study regular and embedded solitons and generalized and degenerate Hopf bifurcations. These two areas of work are seperate and independent from each other. First, variational methods are employed to generate families of both regular and embedded solitary wave solutions for a generalized Pochhammer PDE and a generalized microstructure PDE that are currently of great interest. The technique for obtaining the embedded solitons incorporates several recent generalizations of the usual variational technique and is thus topical in itself. One unusual feature of the solitary waves derived here is that we are able to obtain them in analytical form (within the family of the trial functions). Thus, the residual is calculated, showing the accuracy of the resulting solitary waves. Given the importance of solitary wave solutions in wave dynamics and information propagation in nonlinear PDEs, as well as the fact that only the parameter regimes for the existence of solitary waves had previously been analyzed for the microstructure PDE considered here, the results obtained here are both new and timely. Second, we consider generalized and degenerate Hopf bifurcations in three different models: i. a predator-prey model with general predator death rate and prey birth rate terms, ii. a laser-diode system, and iii. traveling-wave solutions of twospecies predator-prey/reaction-diusion equations with arbitrary nonlinear/reaction terms. For speci c choices of the nonlinear terms, the quasi-periodic orbit in the post-bifurcation regime is constructed for each system using the method of multiple scales, and its stability is analyzed via the corresponding normal form obtained by reducing the system down to the center manifold. The resulting predictions for the post-bifurcation dynamics provide an organizing framework for the variety of possible behaviors. These predictions are veri ed and supplemented by numerical simulations, including the computation of power spectra, autocorrelation functions, and fractal dimensions as appropriate for the periodic and quasiperiodic attractors, attractors at in nity, as well as bounded chaotic attractors obtained in various cases. The dynamics obtained in the three systems is contrasted and explained on the basis of the bifurcations occurring in each. For instance, while the two predator-prey models yield a variety of behaviors in the post-bifurcation regime, the laser-diode evinces extremely stable quasiperiodic solutions over a wide range of parameters, which is very desirable for robust operation of the system in oscillator mode.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0003634, ucf:48887
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003634
- Title
- Comparing Types of Adaptive Automation within a Multi-Tasking Environment.
- Creator
-
Taylor, Grant, Szalma, James, Hancock, Peter, Mouloua, Mustapha, Reinerman, Lauren, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Throughout the many years of research examining the various effects of automation on operator performance, stress, workload, etc., the focus has traditionally been on the level of automation, and the invocation methods used to alter it. The goal of the current study is to instead examine the utilization of various types of automation with the goal of better meeting the operator's cognitive needs, thus improving their performance, workload, and stress. The task, control of a simulated unmanned...
Show moreThroughout the many years of research examining the various effects of automation on operator performance, stress, workload, etc., the focus has traditionally been on the level of automation, and the invocation methods used to alter it. The goal of the current study is to instead examine the utilization of various types of automation with the goal of better meeting the operator's cognitive needs, thus improving their performance, workload, and stress. The task, control of a simulated unmanned robotic system, is designed to specifically stress the operator's visual perception capabilities to a greater degree. Two types of automation are implemented to support the operator's performance of the task: an auditory beep aid intended to support visual perception resources, and a driving aid automating control of the vehicle's navigation, offloading physical action execution resources. Therefore, a comparison can be made between types of automation intended to specifically support the mental dimension that is under the greatest demand (the auditory beep) against those that do not (the driving automation). An additional evaluation is made to determine the benefit of adaptively adjusting the level of each type of automation based on the current level of task demand, as well as the influence of individual differences in personality.Results indicate that the use of the auditory beep aid does improve performance, but also increases Temporal Demand and Effort. Use of driving automation appears to disengage the operator from the task, eliciting a vigilance response. Adaptively altering the level of automation to meet task demands has a mixed effect on performance and workload (reducing both) when the auditory beep automation is used. However, adaptive driving automation is clearly detrimental, causing an increase in workload while decreasing performance. Higher levels of Neuroticism are related to poorer threat detection performance, but personality differences show no indication of moderating the effects of either of the experimental manipulations. The results of this study show that the type of automation implemented within an environment has a considerable impact on the operator, in terms of performance as well as cognitive/emotional state.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFE0004340, ucf:49414
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004340
- Title
- She's Not Fit for the Business World: An Initial Examination of Gender, Age, and Weight.
- Creator
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Pelkey, Miranda, Fritzsche, Barbara, Joseph, Dana, Pace, Victoria, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The present study examined archetype theory (Marcus (&) Fritzsche, 2015) that suggests that the intersection of multiple group memberships will create a unique cognitive representation, as it is relates to sex, age, and weight. Following a pilot study to equate photos on attractiveness, perceived competence, professionalism, and intelligence, 183 participants reviewed a fictitious LinkedIn profile in which all information was held constant across participants except the photo. Using a 2 (sex)...
Show moreThe present study examined archetype theory (Marcus (&) Fritzsche, 2015) that suggests that the intersection of multiple group memberships will create a unique cognitive representation, as it is relates to sex, age, and weight. Following a pilot study to equate photos on attractiveness, perceived competence, professionalism, and intelligence, 183 participants reviewed a fictitious LinkedIn profile in which all information was held constant across participants except the photo. Using a 2 (sex) x 2 (age) x 2 (weight) design (manipulated through the photos), participants rated the job applicant on adjectives associated with proposed sex, age, and weight archetypes and on perceptions of job suitability. Results showed that the most young, overweight female received the highest ratings on negative adjectives (i.e., lazy, uncontrolled, self-indulgent) and was rated lower than most conditions on job suitability. Overweight conditions received lower ratings on job suitability than their average-weight counterpart. Weight also impacted the old, female, such that the old, overweight female received lower ratings than her average-weight counterpart on job suitability. In order to help individuals who face disadvantages and unfair treatment in the workplace, the negative effects multiple-group membership has on certain groups must first be acknowledged.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006161, ucf:51156
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006161
- Title
- Investigating the Predictive Power of Student Characteristics on Success in Studio-mode, Algebra-based Introductory Physics Courses.
- Creator
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Pond, Jarrad, Rahman, Talat, Chini, Jacquelyn, Mucciolo, Eduardo, Butler, Malcolm, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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As part of a project to explore the differential success of similar implementations of the studio-mode of physics instruction, the objective of this work is to investigate the characteristics of students enrolled in algebra-based, studio-mode introductory physics courses at various universities in order to evaluate what effects these characteristics have on different measures of student success, such as gains in conceptual knowledge, shifts to more favorable attitudes toward physics, and...
Show moreAs part of a project to explore the differential success of similar implementations of the studio-mode of physics instruction, the objective of this work is to investigate the characteristics of students enrolled in algebra-based, studio-mode introductory physics courses at various universities in order to evaluate what effects these characteristics have on different measures of student success, such as gains in conceptual knowledge, shifts to more favorable attitudes toward physics, and final course grades. In my analysis, I explore the strategic self-regulatory, motivational, and demographic characteristics of students in algebra-based, studio-mode physics courses at three universities: the University of Central Florida (UCF), Georgia State University (GSU), and George Washington University (GW). Each of these institutions possesses varying student populations and differing levels of success in their studio-mode physics courses, as measured by students' overall average conceptual learning gains. In order to collect information about the students at each institution, I compiled questions from several existing questionnaires designed to measure student characteristics such as study strategies and motivations for learning physics, and organization of scientific knowledge. I also gathered student demographic information. This compiled survey, named the Student Characteristics Survey (SCS) was given at all three institutions. Using similar information collected from students, other studies (J. A. Chen, 2012; Nelson, Shell, Husman, Fishman, (&) Soh, 2015; Schwinger, Steinmayr, (&) Spinath, 2012; Shell (&) Husman, 2008; Shell (&) Soh, 2013; Tuominen-Soini, Salmela-Aro, (&) Niemivirta, 2011; Vansteenkiste, Soenens, Sierens, Luyckx, (&) Lens, 2009) have identified distinct learning profiles across varying student populations. Using a person-centered approach, I used model-based cluster analysis methods (Gan, Ma, (&) Wu, 2007) to organize students into distinct groups. From this analysis, I identified five distinct learning profiles in the population of physics students, similar to those found in previous research. In addition, student outcome information was gathered from both UCF and GSU. Conceptual inventory responses were gathered at both institutions, and attitudinal survey results and course grades were gathered at UCF. No student outcome data was gathered at GW; thus, GW is represented in analyses involving information compiled solely from the SCS, but GW is not represented in analyses involving student outcome information. Then, I use Automatic Linear Modeling, an application of multiple linear regression modeling (IBM, 2012, 2013), to identify which demographic variables (including the identified learning profiles) are the most influential in predicting student outcomes, such as scores on the Force Concept Inventory (FCI), the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM), and the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Sciences Survey (CLASS), both pre- and post-instruction. Modeling is conducted on the entire available dataset as a whole and is also conducted with the data disaggregated by institution in order to identify any differential effects that student characteristics may have at predicting student success at the different institutions. In addition, instructors teaching algebra-based, studio-mode introductory physics courses are interviewed about what makes students successful in order to better understand what instructors perceive is important for students to excel in their physics courses. Furthermore, student survey takers were interviewed to help verify their study strategies and motivations as measured by the SCS.The above analysis provides evidence that, on average, gaps in student understanding exist based on several demographic characteristics, such a gender, ethnicity, high school physics experience, and SAT Math score, and these results are generally consistent with those found in the literature. Disaggregation by institution reveals that differential effects from demographic variables exist; thus, similar groups of students at separate institutions attain different student outcomes. Overall, this is an undesirable observation, as the physics education research community strives to reduce such inequity in physics classrooms; however, identification of specific inequities and gaps in learning will help to inform further research investigations. Research should continue in the form of in-depth investigations into how individual instructors teach algebra-based studio-mode introductory physics courses, focusing on instructors' approaches to the studio-mode of instruction and uses of active learning techniques. Also, investigation of instructor awareness of demographic-driven gaps in student understanding would give insight into if and how instructors may be attempting to better understand the needs of different students. In addition, where a wide range of demographic data are available, I encourage institutions to conduct similar analyses as those presented here in order to identify any gaps in student understanding and place them in their institutional contexts for comparisons to other universities. Furthermore, as a result of my work, I find the identified learning profiles to have a significant association with students' attitudes toward physics, as measured by the CLASS questionnaire, both pre- and post-instruction. This relationship between learning profile and CLASS Pre-score is one that can help give instructors practical insight into students' study strategies and motivations at the very beginning of the physics course. By possessing knowledge of which students do and do not possess adaptive learning strategies early on, instructors can better optimize initial student groups by considering results of student outcome measures, adjust lesson plans, and assess students' needs accordingly.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006376, ucf:51515
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006376
- Title
- Using Exposure Therapy to Treat People Who Stutter: A Multiple Baseline Design.
- Creator
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Scheurich, Jennifer, Beidel, Deborah, Neer, Sandra, Vanryckeghem, Martine, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating condition, and it is estimated that approximately half of adults who stutter have SAD. Thus, there is a need for the assessment and treatment of SAD in this population. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise in decreasing anxiety symptoms among adults who stutter and have SAD, but exposure, the key ingredient for successful CBT for SAD, has been understudied and underemphasized. The aims of this study were to develop an exposure...
Show moreSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating condition, and it is estimated that approximately half of adults who stutter have SAD. Thus, there is a need for the assessment and treatment of SAD in this population. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise in decreasing anxiety symptoms among adults who stutter and have SAD, but exposure, the key ingredient for successful CBT for SAD, has been understudied and underemphasized. The aims of this study were to develop an exposure therapy protocol specifically for people who stutter and have SAD and to evaluate its efficacy for reducing anxiety and stuttering severity. Utilizing a multiple baseline design, six participants were randomized to receive zero, two, or four sessions of progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This served to establish the staggered start and to account for the common factors of therapy. All participants received ten sessions of exposure therapy. Participants recorded daily social anxiety levels, and anxiety and stuttering severity were assessed at major assessment points. All participants demonstrated substantial reductions in social anxiety and substantial improvements in the affective, behavioral, and cognitive experiences of stuttering following exposure therapy. No reliable change was observed for stuttering frequency. Results suggest that exposure therapy may be useful for people who stutter and have SAD, but will not necessarily influence their speech fluency. These findings underscore the importance of the assessment and treatment of SAD among adults who stutter and suggest that the integration of care between psychologists and speech-language pathologists may prove beneficial for this population.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006914, ucf:51702
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006914
- Title
- Marital Adjustment in Parents of Multiple Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.
- Creator
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Mills, Rachel, Dunn, Stacey, Daly, Terri, Fouty, Ed, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The current study investigated the relationship between raising multiple children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and martial adjustment and whether perceived social support moderates this relationship. The sample (n = 115) consisted of 77 parents of a single child diagnosed with an ASD and 44 parents of 2 or more children diagnosed with an ASD. There was no significant difference in martial adjustment between the parents of single versus multiple children with ASDs and no significant...
Show moreThe current study investigated the relationship between raising multiple children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and martial adjustment and whether perceived social support moderates this relationship. The sample (n = 115) consisted of 77 parents of a single child diagnosed with an ASD and 44 parents of 2 or more children diagnosed with an ASD. There was no significant difference in martial adjustment between the parents of single versus multiple children with ASDs and no significant relationship between number of children with an ASD within a family and marital adjustment. Although the main hypotheses were not supported, data from experimental questions indicated that a majority of participants believed their marriage was affected by their child's ASD diagnosis and most rated this effect negatively. Further, for parents of multiple children with ASDs, the rating of degree of impact upon their marital relationship after the first diagnosis was significantly positively related to their marital impact rating following the second diagnosis, suggesting that parents who view the effects of the first diagnosis as negative are likely to view the effects of the second diagnosis negatively as well. Since there was no a significant relationship between number of children with and ASD and marital adjustment, social support was not tested as a moderator. However, there was a significant positive relationship between dyadic adjustment and perceived social support. Further research examining the effects of parenting multiple children with ASDs is warranted.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFE0005383, ucf:50456
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005383
- Title
- The Bridging Technique: Crossing Over the Modality Shifting Effect.
- Creator
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Alicia, Thomas, Mouloua, Mustapha, Hancock, Peter, Szalma, James, Pharmer, James, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Operator responsiveness to critical alarm/alert display systems must rely on faster and safer behavioral responses in order to ensure mission success in complex environments such as the operator station of an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). An important design consideration for effective UAS interfaces is how to map these critical alarm/alert display systems to an appropriate sensory modality (e.g., visual or auditory) (Sarter, 2006). For example, if an alarm is presented during a mission in a...
Show moreOperator responsiveness to critical alarm/alert display systems must rely on faster and safer behavioral responses in order to ensure mission success in complex environments such as the operator station of an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). An important design consideration for effective UAS interfaces is how to map these critical alarm/alert display systems to an appropriate sensory modality (e.g., visual or auditory) (Sarter, 2006). For example, if an alarm is presented during a mission in a modality already highly taxed or overloaded, this can result in increased response time (RT), thereby decreasing operator performance (Wickens, 1976). To overcome this problem, system designers may allow the switching of the alarm display from a highly-taxed to a less-taxed modality (Stanney et al., 2004). However, this modality switch may produce a deleterious effect known as the Modality Shifting Effect (MSE) that erodes the expected performance gain (Spence (&) Driver, 1997). The goal of this research was to empirically examine a technique called bridging which allows the transitioning of a cautionary alarm display from one modality to another while simultaneously counteracting the Modality Shifting Effect.Sixty-four participants were required to complete either a challenging visual or auditory task using a computer-based UAS simulation environment while responding to both visual and auditory alarms. An approach was selected which utilized two 1 (task modality) x 2 (switching technique) ANCOVAs and one 2 (modality) x 2 (technique) ANCOVA, using baseline auditory and visual RT as covariates, to examine differences in alarm response times when the alert modality was changed abruptly or with the bridging technique from a highly loaded sensory channel to an underloaded sensory channel. It was hypothesized that the bridging technique condition would show faster response times for a new unexpected modality versus the abrupt switching condition. The results indicated only a marginal decrease in response times for the auditory alerts and a larger yet not statistically significant effect for the visual alerts; results were also not statistically significant for the analysis collapsed across modality. Findings suggest that there may be some benefit of the bridging technique on performance of alarm responsiveness, but further research is still needed before suggesting generalizable design guidelines for switching modalities which can apply in a variety of complex human-machine systems.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005568, ucf:50283
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005568
- Title
- AN EXPLORATION OF SONG AS A STRATEGY TO ENGAGE ELEMENTARY STUDENTS DURING SOCIAL STUDIES LESSONS.
- Creator
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Rome, Morgan, Jennings-Towle, Kelly, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore how curriculum-related songs provide an engaging atmosphere for elementary students learning social studies concepts. The investigation done for this thesis examines the resources available to teachers in terms of songs to be used for pedagogical engagement of social studies lessons. Through research and video analyzations it can be concluded that students are overall intrigued by the usage of songs in their social studies lessons. During the social...
Show moreThe purpose of this thesis is to explore how curriculum-related songs provide an engaging atmosphere for elementary students learning social studies concepts. The investigation done for this thesis examines the resources available to teachers in terms of songs to be used for pedagogical engagement of social studies lessons. Through research and video analyzations it can be concluded that students are overall intrigued by the usage of songs in their social studies lessons. During the social studies lessons observed in the video analyzations, the elementary students are focused, exhibit positive body language, participate, and have fun. Since engagement is documented within the analyzed videos and supported through others' research to be beneficial for students, this thesis researched and found a place for songs in elementary social studies lessons. Since there are a lack of current social studies resources that contain a musical element, eight social studies lesson plans were produced specifically for this thesis to demonstrate how songs can be implemented into the elementary curriculum to engage students.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000302, ucf:45792
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000302
