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(1 - 8 of 8)
- Title
- A Microwave Radiometer Roughness Correction Algorithm For Sea Surface Salinity Retrieval.
- Creator
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Hejazin, Yazan, Jones, W, Mikhael, Wasfy, Wei, Lei, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The Aquarius/SAC-D is an Earth Science remote sensing satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) that is sponsored by the NASA and the Argentine Space Agency (CONAE). The prime remote sensor is the Aquarius (AQ) L-band radiometer/scatterometer, which measures the L-band emitted blackbody radiation (brightness temperature) from the ocean. The brightness temperature at L-band is proportional to the ocean salinity as well as a number of physical parameters including ocean...
Show moreThe Aquarius/SAC-D is an Earth Science remote sensing satellite mission to measure global Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) that is sponsored by the NASA and the Argentine Space Agency (CONAE). The prime remote sensor is the Aquarius (AQ) L-band radiometer/scatterometer, which measures the L-band emitted blackbody radiation (brightness temperature) from the ocean. The brightness temperature at L-band is proportional to the ocean salinity as well as a number of physical parameters including ocean surface wind speed. The salinity retrieval algorithm make corrections for all other parameters before retrieving salinity, and the greatest of these is the increased brightness temperature due to roughness caused by surface wind speed. This thesis presents an independent approach for the AQ roughness correction, which is derived using simultaneous measurements from the CONAE Microwave Radiometer (MWR). When the wind blows over the ocean's surface, the brightness temperature is increased because of the ocean wave surface roughness. The MWR provides a semi-empirical approach by measuring the excess ocean emissivity at 36.5 GHz and then applying radiative transfer theory (improved ocean surface emissivity model) to translate this to the AQ 1.4 GHz frequency (L-band). The theoretical basis of the MWR algorithm is described and empirical results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness in reducing the salinity measurement error due to surface roughness.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFE0004212, ucf:49007
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004212
- Title
- DETERMINING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SMOOTH CORDGRASS (SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA LOISEL) TRANSPLANT SUCCESS IN COMMUNITY-BASED LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS.
- Creator
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Carrion, Steven A, Walters, Linda J., University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Efforts to mitigate shoreline erosion through living shoreline methods along the USA Atlantic seaboard have often incorporated the cultivation and transplantation of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. Assessments of these transplants at several sites in the Indian River Lagoon have shown that survival is variable after a year (survival: 10-93%). Lower survival has been attributed to environmental variables such as dislodgement by wave energy, and transplant shock due to salinity changes...
Show moreEfforts to mitigate shoreline erosion through living shoreline methods along the USA Atlantic seaboard have often incorporated the cultivation and transplantation of smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. Assessments of these transplants at several sites in the Indian River Lagoon have shown that survival is variable after a year (survival: 10-93%). Lower survival has been attributed to environmental variables such as dislodgement by wave energy, and transplant shock due to salinity changes from cultivation to estuarine conditions. To improve living shoreline projects, we examined the effects of cultivation salinity (0 ppt, 15ppt) on transplantation success, and the success of anchoring plants to biodegradable mats (Jute mesh, 5 individuals per 50 cm2) and utilizing oyster bags as breakwaters in facilitating reestablishment of new transplants. Spartina alterniflora individuals were grown under salinity treatments for 20 weeks; plants grown in 15 ppt produced new shoots with significantly greater heights than those grown in freshwater. The plants were then transplanted to two sites in the IRL, and monitored after four weeks. After four weeks there was a greater net increase in stem density and larger decrease in plant height for plants grown in 15 ppt. Jute-mesh mats and oyster bags did not impact growth or survival of transplants. Low-saline (15 ppt) conditions increased shoot growth of the project by 50% in four weeks at a cost of 30 cents per additional shoot produced by an individual. Longer-term monitoring will determine if benefits persist or decrease over time, and if the cost is justified by the benefits.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFH2000068, ucf:45538
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000068
- Title
- ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL FORCING MECHANISMS INFLUENCING SALINITY TRANSPORT FOR THE LOWER ST. JOHNS RIVER.
- Creator
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Giardino, Derek, Hagen, Scott, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The focus of this thesis is the forcing mechanisms incorporated with salinity transport for the Lower St. Johns River. There are two primary analyses performed: a historical data analysis of primary forcing mechanisms to determine the importance of each individual influence, and a tidal hydrodynamics analysis for the Lower St. Johns River to determine the required tidal constituents for an accurate resynthesis. This thesis is a preliminary effort in understanding salinity transport for the...
Show moreThe focus of this thesis is the forcing mechanisms incorporated with salinity transport for the Lower St. Johns River. There are two primary analyses performed: a historical data analysis of primary forcing mechanisms to determine the importance of each individual influence, and a tidal hydrodynamics analysis for the Lower St. Johns River to determine the required tidal constituents for an accurate resynthesis. This thesis is a preliminary effort in understanding salinity transport for the Lower St. Johns River for engineering projects such as the dredging of navigation canals and freshwater withdrawal from the river. The analysis of the physical forcing mechanisms is performed by examining the impact of precipitation, tides, and wind advection on historical salinity measurements. Three 30-day periods were selected for the analysis, to correspond with representative peak, most-variable, and low-salinity periods for 1999. The analysis displays that wind advection is the dominant forcing mechanism for the movement of salinity over a 30 day duration; however all mechanisms have an impact at some level. The dominant forcing mechanism is also dependent on the period of record examined where tidal influence is vital for durations of hours to a day, while freshwater inflow has more significance over a longer period due to climatological variation. A two-dimensional finite difference numerical model is utilized to generate a one month tidal elevations and velocities simulations that incorporates geometry, nonlinear advection and quadratic bottom friction. Several combinations of tidal constituents are extracted from this modeled tidal signal to investigate which combination of tidal constituents produces an accurate tidal resynthesis for the Lower St. Johns River. The analysis displays the need for 39 total tidal harmonic constituents to accurately resynthesize the original tidal signal. Additionally, due to the nonlinear nature of shallow water, the influence of the overtides for upstream or downstream locations in the Lower St. Johns River is shown to be spatially variable for different frequencies depending on the geometry. The combination of the constituent analysis and the historical analysis provides the basis information needed for the development of an accurate salinity transport model for the Lower St. Johns River.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- Identifier
- CFE0002665, ucf:48197
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002665
- Title
- Effects of harmful algal blooms caused by Aureoumbra lagunensis (brown tide) on larval and juvenile life stages of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica).
- Creator
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Makris, Panagiota, Walters, Linda, Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro, Scarpa, John, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Harmful algal blooms caused by the marine microalga Aureoumbra lagunensis have been associated with negative impacts on marine fauna, both vertebrate and invertebrate. Within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) estuary system along Florida's east coast, blooms of A. lagunensis in excess of 1(&)#215;106 cells mL-1 have occurred along with higher than average salinities ((>)35 PSU) during times of peak reproduction and growth for the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Field and laboratory studies...
Show moreHarmful algal blooms caused by the marine microalga Aureoumbra lagunensis have been associated with negative impacts on marine fauna, both vertebrate and invertebrate. Within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) estuary system along Florida's east coast, blooms of A. lagunensis in excess of 1(&)#215;106 cells mL-1 have occurred along with higher than average salinities ((>)35 PSU) during times of peak reproduction and growth for the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Field and laboratory studies were used to investigate the effects of A. lagunensis and high salinities on early life stages of eastern oysters, late pediveliger to early juvenile. Natural recruitment of C. virginica within Mosquito Lagoon (northern IRL) from 2013 to 2015 was negatively associated with blooms of A. lagunensis ((>)1(&)#215;105 cells mL-1) and high salinities ((>)35 PSU), but recruitment of barnacle competitors was not. Larval settlement, tested using recirculating raceway flumes, was affected both by A. lagunensis and high salinities. Additionally, survival and growth rates of juvenile C. virginica were tested following one-week laboratory exposure to A. lagunensis and subsequent transplantation to the field for four weeks. Survival of juvenile oysters was negatively correlated with A. lagunensis and time (80% survival for A. lagunensis exposure and 90% survival when exposed to Isochrysis galbana control). Our results indicated negative impacts of Aureoumbra lagunensis on larval and juvenile eastern oysters during the term of the experiment. Oyster recruitment and growth continued during and following exposure to bloom concentrations of A. lagunensis, but at reduced rates.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006535, ucf:51309
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006535
- Title
- SODIUM (NA) LEVELS IN DRINKING WATER (H20) AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN.
- Creator
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Schiffman, Sara, Bushy, Angeline, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This integrative review of the literature focused on sodium (Na) content in drinking water (H2O) supplies and the subsequent effect on blood pressure levels in children. Studies for this review were drawn from the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMED, Science and Technology Databases, PsychInfo, United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and EPA in Florida websites. Criterion for inclusion in the data base searches were hypertension, high blood pressure, sodium...
Show moreThis integrative review of the literature focused on sodium (Na) content in drinking water (H2O) supplies and the subsequent effect on blood pressure levels in children. Studies for this review were drawn from the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMED, Science and Technology Databases, PsychInfo, United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and EPA in Florida websites. Criterion for inclusion in the data base searches were hypertension, high blood pressure, sodium in drinking water, drinking water salinity, children or preg*. Subsequently, further article selection criteria included children (under 18 years of age)and published in the English language (N=59). Findings of the review as summarized in this thesis could guide nursing research, education, policy and practice related to primary, secondary and tertiary interventions associated with sodium levels in drinking as a contributing factor to blood pressure levels in children.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFH0004469, ucf:45123
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004469
- Title
- Investigation of the effect of rain on sea surface salinity.
- Creator
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Santos Garcia, Andrea, Jones, W Linwood, Mikhael, Wasfy, Wahid, Parveen, Junek, William, Asher, William, Wilheit, Thomas, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The Aquarius/SAC-D mission provided Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), globally over the ocean, for almost 4 years. As a member of the AQ/SAC-D Cal/Val team, the Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory has analyzed these salinity measurements in the presence of precipitation and has noted the high correlation between the spatial patterns of reduced SSS and the spatial distribution of rain. It was determined that this is the result of a cause and effect relation, and not SSS measurement errors....
Show moreThe Aquarius/SAC-D mission provided Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), globally over the ocean, for almost 4 years. As a member of the AQ/SAC-D Cal/Val team, the Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory has analyzed these salinity measurements in the presence of precipitation and has noted the high correlation between the spatial patterns of reduced SSS and the spatial distribution of rain. It was determined that this is the result of a cause and effect relation, and not SSS measurement errors. Thus, it is important to understand these salinity changes due to seawater dilution by rain and the associated near-surface salinity strati?cation. This research addresses the effects of rainfall on the Aquarius (AQ) SSS retrieval using a macro-scale Rain Impact Model (RIM). This model, based on the superposition of a one-dimension eddy diffusion (turbulent diffusion) model, relates SSS to depth, rainfall accumulation and time since rain. To identify instantaneous and prior rainfall accumulations, a Rain Accumulation product was developed. This product, based on the NOAA CMORPH precipitation data set, provides the rainfall history for 24 hours prior to the satellite observation time, which is integrated over each AQ IFOV. In this research results of the RIM validation are presented by comparing AQ and SMOS measured and RIM simulated SSS. The results show the high cross correlation for these comparisons and also with the corresponding SSS anomalies relative to HYCOM.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFE0006175, ucf:51133
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006175
- Title
- A Roughness Correction for Aquarius Ocean Brightness Temperature Using the CONAE MicroWave Radiometer.
- Creator
-
Hejazin, Yazan, Jones, W Linwood, Wahid, Parveen, Mikhael, Wasfy, Junek, William, Piepmeier, Jeffrey, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Aquarius/SAC-D is a joint NASA/CONAE (Argentine Space Agency) Earth Sciences satellite mission to measure global sea surface salinity (SSS), using an L-band radiometer that measures ocean brightness temperature (Tb). The application of L-band radiometry to retrieve SSS is a difficult task, and therefore, precise Tb corrections are necessary to obtain accurate measurements. One of the major error sources is the effect of ocean roughness that (")warms(") the ocean Tb. The Aquarius (AQ)...
Show moreAquarius/SAC-D is a joint NASA/CONAE (Argentine Space Agency) Earth Sciences satellite mission to measure global sea surface salinity (SSS), using an L-band radiometer that measures ocean brightness temperature (Tb). The application of L-band radiometry to retrieve SSS is a difficult task, and therefore, precise Tb corrections are necessary to obtain accurate measurements. One of the major error sources is the effect of ocean roughness that (")warms(") the ocean Tb. The Aquarius (AQ) instrument (L-band radiometer/scatterometer) baseline approach uses the radar scatterometer to provide this ocean roughness correction, through the correlation of radar backscatter with the excess ocean emissivity.In contrast, this dissertation develops an ocean roughness correction for AQ measurements using the MicroWave Radiometer (MWR) instrument Tb measurements at Ka-band to remove the errors that are caused by ocean wind speed and direction. The new ocean emissivity radiative transfer model was tuned using one year (2012) of on-orbit combined data from the MWR and the AQ instruments that are collocated in space and time. The roughness correction in this paper is a theoretical Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) driven by numerical weather forecast model surface winds, combined with ancillary satellite data from WindSat and SSMIS, and environmental parameters from NCEP. This RTM provides an alternative approach for estimating the scatterometer-derived roughness correction, which is independent. The theoretical basis of the algorithm is described and results are compared with the AQ baseline scatterometer method. Also results are presented for a comparison of AQ SSS retrievals using both roughness corrections.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005625, ucf:50218
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005625
- Title
- MASS CONSERVATION ANALYSIS FOR THE LOWER ST. JOHNS RIVER USING CONTINUOUS AND DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHODS.
- Creator
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Thomas, Lillie, Hagen, Scott, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
This thesis provides a mass conservation analysis of the Lower St. Johns River for the purpose of providing basis for future salinity transport modeling. The analysis provides an assessment of the continuous (CG) and discontinuous (DG) Galerkin finite element methods with respect to their mass conservation properties. The following thesis also presents a rigorous literature review pertaining to salinity transport in the Lower St. Johns River, from which this effort generates the data used to...
Show moreThis thesis provides a mass conservation analysis of the Lower St. Johns River for the purpose of providing basis for future salinity transport modeling. The analysis provides an assessment of the continuous (CG) and discontinuous (DG) Galerkin finite element methods with respect to their mass conservation properties. The following thesis also presents a rigorous literature review pertaining to salinity transport in the Lower St. Johns River, from which this effort generates the data used to initialize and validate numerical simulations. Two research questions are posed and studied in this thesis: can a DG-based modeling approach produce mass conservative numerical solutions; and what are the flow interactions between the river and the marshes within the coastal region of the Lower St. Johns River? Reviewing the available data provides an initial perspective of the ecosystem. For this, salinity data are obtained and assembled for three modeling scenarios. Each scenario, High Extreme, Most Variable, and Low Extreme, is 30 days long (taken from year 1999) and represents a unique salinity regime in the Lower St. Johns River. Time-series of salinity data is collected at four stations in the lower and middle reaches of the Lower St. Johns River, which provides a vantage point for assessing longitudinal variation of salinity. As an aside, precipitation and evaporation data is presented for seven stations along the entire St. Johns River, which provides added insight into salinity transport in the river. A mass conservation analysis is conducted for the Lower St. Johns River. The analysis utilizes a segmentation of the Lower St. Johns River, which divides the domain into sections based on physical characteristics. Mass errors are then calculated for the CG and DG finite element methods to determine mass conservative abilities. Also, the flow interactions (i.e., volume exchange) between the river and marshes are evaluated through the use of tidal prisms. The CG- and DG- finite element methods are then tested in tidal simulation performance, which the results are then compared to observed tides and tidal currents at four stations within the lower portion of the Lower St. Johns River. Since the results show that the DG model outperforms the CG model, the DG model is used in the tidally driven salinity transport simulations. Using four stations within the lower and middle part of the Lower St. Johns River, simulated and observed water levels and salinity concentrations are compared.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0003736, ucf:48797
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003736
