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Title: SPATIAL SCHEMA TRANSFERS TO SIMILAR PLACE: A CASE OF DISNEY THEME PARKS.
Creator: Kopel, Daphne, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The intent of this thesis is to explore whether an existing spatial schema assists with learning a similar environment to the existing schema. Spatially experienced and non- experienced participants of Magic Kingdom Park learned a similar park, Disneyland Park, using a virtual environment. Participants learned the virtual environment either passively or actively. Spatially experienced participants outperformed the non-experienced participants on survey and route knowledge assessments, despite...
Show moreThe intent of this thesis is to explore whether an existing spatial schema assists with learning a similar environment to the existing schema. Spatially experienced and non- experienced participants of Magic Kingdom Park learned a similar park, Disneyland Park, using a virtual environment. Participants learned the virtual environment either passively or actively. Spatially experienced participants outperformed the non-experienced participants on survey and route knowledge assessments, despite of the training method used in the virtual environment. The results suggest that the existing schema for a similar place transfers to the new environment regardless of passive or active training.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: CFH0004573, ucf:45153
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004573

Title: EFFECTS OF A MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM RICH IN SPATIAL REASONING ACTIVITIES ON FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS' ABILITIES TO SPATIALLY REASON: AN ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT.
Creator: Varn, Theresa, Dixon, Juli, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of a curriculum rich in spatial reasoning activities and experiences on the ability of my fifth grade students to spatially reason. The study was conducted to examine 1) the effects of my practice of incorporating spatial reasoning lessons and activities in my fifth-grade mathematics classroom on the students' ability to spatially reason and 2) the effects of my practice of incorporating spatial reasoning lessons and activities on...
Show moreABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of a curriculum rich in spatial reasoning activities and experiences on the ability of my fifth grade students to spatially reason. The study was conducted to examine 1) the effects of my practice of incorporating spatial reasoning lessons and activities in my fifth-grade mathematics classroom on the students' ability to spatially reason and 2) the effects of my practice of incorporating spatial reasoning lessons and activities on my students' ability to problem solve. Data were collected over a ten-week period through the use of student interviews, anecdotal records, photos of student work, student journals, pre- and posttests and a post-study survey. In this study, students demonstrated a statistically significant increase on all pre- and posttests. The student interviews, anecdotal records, photos of student work, and student journals all revealed spatial reasoning was used in mathematics problem solving. The study suggests that spatial reasoning can be taught and spatial reasoning skills can be used in problem solving.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000351, ucf:46295
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000351

Title: QUADRATIC SPATIAL SOLITON INTERACTIONS.
Creator: Jankovic, Ladislav, Stegeman, George I., University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Quadratic spatial soliton interactions were investigated in this Dissertation. The first part deals with characterizing the principal features of multi-soliton generation and soliton self-reflection. The second deals with two beam processes leading to soliton interactions and collisions. These subjects were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The experiments were performed by using potassium niobate (KNBO3) and periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystals....
Show moreQuadratic spatial soliton interactions were investigated in this Dissertation. The first part deals with characterizing the principal features of multi-soliton generation and soliton self-reflection. The second deals with two beam processes leading to soliton interactions and collisions. These subjects were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The experiments were performed by using potassium niobate (KNBO3) and periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystals. These particular crystals were desirable for these experiments because of their large nonlinear coefficients and, more importantly, because the experiments could be performed under non-critical-phase-matching (NCPM) conditions. The single soliton generation measurements, performed on KNBO3 by launching the fundamental component only, showed a broad angular acceptance bandwidth which was important for the soliton collisions performed later. Furthermore, at high input intensities multi-soliton generation was observed for the first time. The influence on the multi-soliton patterns generated of the input intensity and beam symmetry was investigated. The combined experimental and theoretical efforts indicated that spatial and temporal noise on the input laser beam induced multi-soliton patterns. Another research direction pursued was intensity dependent soliton routing by using of a specially engineered quadratically nonlinear interface within a periodically poled KTP sample. This was the first time demonstration of the self-reflection phenomenon in a system with a quadratic nonlinearity. The feature investigated is believed to have a great potential for soliton routing and manipulation by engineered structures. A detailed investigation was conducted on two soliton interaction and collision processes. Birth of an additional soliton resulting from a two soliton collision was observed and characterized for the special case of a non-planar geometry. A small amount of spiraling, up to 30 degrees rotation, was measured in the experiments performed. The parameters relevant for characterizing soliton collision processes were also studied in detail. Measurements were performed for various collision angles (from 0.2 to 4 degrees), phase mismatch, relative phase between the solitons and the distance to the collision point within the sample (which affects soliton formation). Both the individual and combined effects of these collision variables were investigated. Based on the research conducted, several all-optical switching scenarios were proposed.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: CFE0000090, ucf:46135
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000090

Title: STABLE SPATIAL SOLITONS IN SEMICONDUCTOROPTICAL AMPLIFIERS.
Creator: ultanir, erdem ahmet, Stegeman, George I., University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: A spatial soliton is a shape invariant self guided beam of light or a self induced waveguide.Spatial solitons appear as a result of the balance of diffraction and nonlinear focusing in asystem. They have been observed in many different conservative media in the last couple ofyears. Solitons are ubiquitous, because of the probability of using their interactions in opticaldata processing, communications etc. Up to now due to the power required to generate thesolitons, and the response times of...
Show moreA spatial soliton is a shape invariant self guided beam of light or a self induced waveguide.Spatial solitons appear as a result of the balance of diffraction and nonlinear focusing in asystem. They have been observed in many different conservative media in the last couple ofyears. Solitons are ubiquitous, because of the probability of using their interactions in opticaldata processing, communications etc. Up to now due to the power required to generate thesolitons, and the response times of the soliton supporting media, these special waves of naturecould not penetrate the applications arena. Semiconductors, with their resonant nonlinearities, arethought to be ideal candidates for fast switching, low power spatial solitons.In this dissertation it is shown theoretically and experimentally that it is possible toobserve stable spatial solitons in a periodically patterned semiconductor optical amplifier(PPSOA). The solitons have unique beam profiles that change only with system parameters, likepumping current, etc. Their coherent and incoherent interactions which could lead to all opticaldevices have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The formation of filaments ormodulational instability has been studied theoretically and yielded analytical formulae forevaluating the filament gain and the maximum spatial frequencies in PPSOA devices.Furthermore, discrete array amplifiers have been analyzed numerically for discrete solitons, andthe prospect of using multi peak discrete solitons as laser amplifiers is discussed.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: CFE0000142, ucf:46153
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000142

Title: MENTAL ROTATION WITH MARTIAL ARTS EXPERTS.
Creator: Torres, Michael, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This research aims to investigate whether expertise, specifically martial arts expertise, is transferrable across domains, which would indicate spatial skills in one task can also apply to a seemingly unrelated one. In this study, reaction time during a mental rotation task was compared between experts and novices. Participants were shown two images and had to decide if the images were the same or mirror reflections. The images were comprised of Shepard-Metzler blocks, people in martial arts...
Show moreThis research aims to investigate whether expertise, specifically martial arts expertise, is transferrable across domains, which would indicate spatial skills in one task can also apply to a seemingly unrelated one. In this study, reaction time during a mental rotation task was compared between experts and novices. Participants were shown two images and had to decide if the images were the same or mirror reflections. The images were comprised of Shepard-Metzler blocks, people in martial arts poses, and people in neutral poses. The results suggest expertise is not transferable across domains. While experts outperformed novices with some of the martial arts stimuli, there was not a significant difference with the neutral poses. Novices performed better than experts with the Shepard-Metzler blocks. This suggests experts may have embodied some of the stimuli to facilitate faster reaction times. Further research must be conducted to investigate if any type of expertise is transferable across domains, which could assist in the development of employee training programs, and to validate the human figures used as stimuli.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: CFH0004881, ucf:45433
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004881

Title: REDUCED VISIBILITY RELATED CRASHES IN FLORIDA: CRASH CHARACTERISTICS, SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND INJURY SEVERITY.
Creator: EKRAM, AL-AHAD, Abdel-Aty, Mohamed, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Roadway crashes related to vision obstruction due to fog/smoke (FS) conditions constitute a challenge for traffic engineers. Previous research efforts mostly concentrated on the snow and rain related crashes. Statistics show that Florida is among the top three states in terms of crashes due to vision obstruction by FS. This research culminated in a comprehensive study of fog and smoke related crashes in the state of Florida. The analysis took into account the crashes that occurred between...
Show moreRoadway crashes related to vision obstruction due to fog/smoke (FS) conditions constitute a challenge for traffic engineers. Previous research efforts mostly concentrated on the snow and rain related crashes. Statistics show that Florida is among the top three states in terms of crashes due to vision obstruction by FS. This research culminated in a comprehensive study of fog and smoke related crashes in the state of Florida. The analysis took into account the crashes that occurred between 2003 and 2007 on Florida state roads. Spatial analysis and injury severity analysis have been conducted and significant results have been identified. The spatial analysis by GIS examines the locations of high trends of FS related crashes on state roads in the State of Florida. Statistical features of the GIS tool, which is used efficiently in traffic safety research, has been used to find the crash clusters for the particular types of crashes that occur due to vision obstruction by FS. Several segmentation processes have been used, and the best segmentation for this study was found to be dividing the state roads into 1 mile segments, keeping the roadway characteristics uniform. Taking into account the entire state road network, ten distinct clusters were found that can be clearly associated with these types of crashes. However, no clear pattern in terms of area was observed, as it was seen that the percentage of FS related crashes in rural and urban areas are close. The general characteristics of FS related crashes have been investigated in detail. For the comparison to clear visibility conditions, simple odds ratios (in terms of crash frequencies) have been introduced. The morning hours in the months of December to February are found to be the prevalent time for fog related crashes, while for the smoke related crashes the dangerous time was found to be morning to midday in the month of May. Compared to crashes under clear-visibility conditions, the fog crashes tend to result in more severe injuries and involve more vehicles. Head-on and rear-end crashes are the two most common crash types in terms of crash frequency and severe crashes. For the injury severity analysis, a random effect ordered logistic model was used. The model in brief illustrates that the head-on and rear-end crash types are the two most prevalent crash types in FS conditions. Moreover, these severe crashes mainly occurred at higher speeds. Also they mostly took place on undivided roads, roadways without any sidewalk and two-lane rural roads. Increase of average daily traffic decrease the severity of FS related crashes. Overall, this study provides the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) with specific information on where improvements could be made to have better safety conditions in terms of vision obstruction due to FS in the state roads of Florida. Also it suggests the times and seasons that the safety precautions must be taken or the FS warning systems to be installed, and the controlling roadway geometries that can be improved or modified to reduce injury severity of a crash due to FS related vision obstruction.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: CFE0002903, ucf:48008
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002903

Title: EFFECTS OF A TREATMENT USING COMPUTER GENERATION OF ISOMETRIC AND ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS ON MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTSÃ‚Â' SPATIAL ABILITY.
Creator: Traas, Adam, Haciomeroglu, Erhan, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The primary focus of this study examines the effectiveness of the CRIOSAT (Computerized Rotational Isometric and Orthographic Spatial) spatial ability treatment on a random sample of middle school studentsÃ‚Â' (n=137) spatial ability as measured by the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations Test (PSVT-ROT) (Guay, 1977). The secondary focus of this study investigates the relationships between mathematical achievement, problem solving preferences, and spatial ability...
Show moreThe primary focus of this study examines the effectiveness of the CRIOSAT (Computerized Rotational Isometric and Orthographic Spatial) spatial ability treatment on a random sample of middle school studentsÃ‚Â' (n=137) spatial ability as measured by the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test: Rotations Test (PSVT-ROT) (Guay, 1977). The secondary focus of this study investigates the relationships between mathematical achievement, problem solving preferences, and spatial ability. The secondary focus was tested on a subsample (n=41), with the problem solving preferences measured via the Mathematical Processing Instrument (MPI) (Suwarsono, 1982). Findings indicated no significant gains in spatial ability scores after studentsÃ‚Â' use of the CRIOSAT treatment; while some increases in spatial ability took place in males. Significant positive correlation was identified between mathematics achievement and spatial ability; while conversely, a significant negative correlation was found between mathematics achievement and level of visual problem solving used by students.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: CFE0003033, ucf:48345
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003033

Title: High Performance Liquid Crystals for Displays and Spatial Light Modulators.
Creator: Peng, Fenglin, Wu, Shintson, Moharam, Jim, Zeldovich, Boris, Fang, Jiyu, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Liquid crystals (LCs) are an amazing class of soft materials which have been widely used in the visible, infrared (IR), millimeter wave, and terahertz spectral regions. Both amplitude modulation (e.g. displays) and phase modulation (e.g. spatial light modulators (SLMs) for adaptive optics and adaptive lens) have been investigated extensively. Thin-film-transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs) have become ubiquitous in our daily lives. Its widespread applications span from TVs, monitors,...
Show moreLiquid crystals (LCs) are an amazing class of soft materials which have been widely used in the visible, infrared (IR), millimeter wave, and terahertz spectral regions. Both amplitude modulation (e.g. displays) and phase modulation (e.g. spatial light modulators (SLMs) for adaptive optics and adaptive lens) have been investigated extensively. Thin-film-transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs) have become ubiquitous in our daily lives. Its widespread applications span from TVs, monitors, tablets, smartphones, augmented reality, virtual reality, to vehicle displays. LCD shows advantages in 1) high resolution, 2) long lifetime, 3) vivid colors using quantum dots backlight, and 4) high dynamic contrast ratio employing local dimming technology. However, LCD exhibits a serious problem, which is slow response time. Therefore, it is commonly perceived that LCD exhibits a more severe image blur than organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. Indeed, the response time of LCD is ~100x slower than that of OLED. To evaluate image blurs, Motion Picture Response Time (MPRT) has been proposed to quantify the visual performance of a moving object. MPRT is jointly governed by three factors: the sample and hold effect of an active matrix display, motion pursuing, and human vision system. It is a complicated problem and is difficult to obtain analytical solution. In this thesis, we analyze the sample-and-hold effects and derive a simple equation to correlate MPRT with LC response time, TFT frame rate, and duty ratio. From our analytical equation, we find that as long as an LCD's response time is less than 2 ms, its MPRT would be comparable to that of OLED at the same frame rate, even if the OLED's response time is assumed to be zero. To further reduce MPRT, we could boost the frame rate to 144 Hz or reduce the duty ratio through backlight modulation. This discovery sheds new physical insights for LCDs to achieve CRT-like displays with negligible image blurs. In addition to displays, LCs are widely employed in SLMs for modulating the phase and polarization of an incident light. This is because LCs possess high birefringence and relatively low absorption from the visible, IR, to terahertz regions. The useful applications include adaptive lens, adaptive optics, fiber-optic communication, antenna, and phase shifter. Fast response time is a common requirement for the abovementioned photonic devices. To achieve fast response time while maintaining 2-pi phase change, polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) and polymer-network liquid crystal (PNLC) are promising candidates for the visible and IR SLMs, respectively. However, the operation voltage of present BPLC and PNLC devices is too high. To reduce operation voltage while keeping fast response time, we developed a new device configuration for BPLC SLM to work in the visible region. The new device structure allows the incident laser beam to traverse the BPLC layer four times before exiting the reflective SLM. As a result, the 2-pi phase change voltage is reduced to below 24V, which is the maximum attainable voltage for a high resolution liquid-crystal-on-silicon device. On the other hand, PNLC is a better candidate for the IR SLM because several high birefringence LC materials can be used. To reduce the operation voltage of a PNLC, we have investigated following three approaches: 1) developing large dielectric anisotropy and high birefringence (?n) LC materials, 2) optimizing polymer concentration, and 3) optimizing UV curing conditions. In the visible and near IR regions, most LCs are highly transparent. However, to extend the electro-optic application of LCs into MWIR and LWIR, absorption loss becomes a critical issue. In the MWIR region, several fundamental molecular vibration bands and overtones exist, which contribute to high absorption loss. The absorbed light turns to heat and then alters the birefringence locally, which in turns causes spatially non-uniform phase modulation. To suppress the optical loss, we have taken following approaches: (1) Designing high birefringence to minimize the LC layer thickness; (2) Shifting the absorption bands outside the spectral region of interest by deuteration, fluorination, or chlorination; (3) Reducing the overtone absorption by using a short alkyl chain. As a result, we have developed several low loss and high birefringence chlorinated LCs for the first time. To achieve fast response time, we demonstrated a PNLC with 2-pi phase change at MWIR and response time less than 5 ms. Molecular tailoring strategies for extending liquid crystal SLM into long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) are also explored.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: CFE0006636, ucf:51230
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006636

Title: DESIGN FOR AUDITORY DISPLAYS: IDENTIFYING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL INFORMATION CONVEYANCE PRINCIPLES.
Creator: Ahmad, Ali, Stanney, Kay, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Designing auditory interfaces is a challenge for current human-systems developers. This is largely due to a lack of theoretical guidance for directing how best to use sounds in today's visually-rich graphical user interfaces. This dissertation provided a framework for guiding the design of audio interfaces to enhance human-systems performance. This doctoral research involved reviewing the literature on conveying temporal and spatial information using audio, using this knowledge to build...
Show moreDesigning auditory interfaces is a challenge for current human-systems developers. This is largely due to a lack of theoretical guidance for directing how best to use sounds in today's visually-rich graphical user interfaces. This dissertation provided a framework for guiding the design of audio interfaces to enhance human-systems performance. This doctoral research involved reviewing the literature on conveying temporal and spatial information using audio, using this knowledge to build three theoretical models to aid the design of auditory interfaces, and empirically validating select components of the models. The three models included an audio integration model that outlines an end-to-end process for adding sounds to interactive interfaces, a temporal audio model that provides a framework for guiding the timing for integration of these sounds to meet human performance objectives, and a spatial audio model that provides a framework for adding spatialization cues to interface sounds. Each model is coupled with a set of design guidelines theorized from the literature, thus combined, the developed models put forward a structured process for integrating sounds in interactive interfaces. The developed models were subjected to a three phase validation process that included review by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to assess the face validity of the developed models and two empirical studies. For the SME review, which assessed the utility of the developed models and identified opportunities for improvement, a panel of three audio experts was selected to respond to a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) validation questionnaire. Based on the SWOT analysis, the main strengths of the models included that they provide a systematic approach to auditory display design and that they integrate a wide variety of knowledge sources in a concise manner. The main weaknesses of the models included the lack of a structured process for amending the models with new principles, some branches were not considered parallel or completely distinct, and lack of guidance on selecting interface sounds. The main opportunity identified by the experts was the ability of the models to provide a seminal body of knowledge that can be used for building and validating auditory display designs. The main threats identified by the experts were that users may not know where to start and end with each model, the models may not provide comprehensive coverage of all uses of auditory displays, and the models may act as a restrictive influence on designers or they may be used inappropriately. Based on the SWOT analysis results, several changes were made to the models prior to the empirical studies. Two empirical evaluation studies were conducted to test the theorized design principles derived from the revised models. The first study focused on assessing the utility of audio cues to train a temporal pacing task and the second study combined both temporal (i.e., pace) and spatial audio information, with a focus on examining integration issues. In the pace study, there were four different auditory conditions used for training pace: 1) a metronome, 2) non-spatial auditory earcons, 3) a spatialized auditory earcon, and 4) no audio cues for pace training. Sixty-eight people participated in the study. A pre- post between subjects experimental design was used, with eight training trials. The measure used for assessing pace performance was the average deviation from a predetermined desired pace. The results demonstrated that a metronome was not effective in training participants to maintain a desired pace, while, spatial and non-spatial earcons were effective strategies for pace training. Moreover, an examination of post-training performance as compared to pre-training suggested some transfer of learning. Design guidelines were extracted for integrating auditory cues for pace training tasks in virtual environments. In the second empirical study, combined temporal (pacing) and spatial (location of entities within the environment) information were presented. There were three different spatialization conditions used: 1) high fidelity using subjective selection of a "best-fit" head related transfer function, 2) low fidelity using a generalized head-related transfer function, and 3) no spatialization. A pre- post between subjects experimental design was used, with eight training trials. The performance measures were average deviation from desired pace and time and accuracy to complete the task. The results of the second study demonstrated that temporal, non-spatial auditory cues were effective in influencing pace while other cues were present. On the other hand, spatialized auditory cues did not result in significantly faster task completion. Based on these results, a set of design guidelines was proposed that can be used to direct the integration of spatial and temporal auditory cues for supporting training tasks in virtual environments. Taken together, the developed models and the associated guidelines provided a theoretical foundation from which to direct user-centered design of auditory interfaces.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: CFE0001719, ucf:47317
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001719

Title: TECHNIQUES FOR ASSESSING AND IMPROVING PERFORMANCE IN NAVIGATION AND WAYFINDING USING MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY.
Creator: Goldiez, Brian, Hancock, Peter, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Augmented reality is a field of technology in which the real world is overlaid with additional information from a computer generated display. Enhancements to augmented reality technology presently support limited mobility which is expected to increase in the future to provide much greater real world functionality. This work reports on a set of experiments that investigate performance in search and rescue navigating tasks using augmented reality. Augmentation consisted of a spatially and...
Show moreAugmented reality is a field of technology in which the real world is overlaid with additional information from a computer generated display. Enhancements to augmented reality technology presently support limited mobility which is expected to increase in the future to provide much greater real world functionality. This work reports on a set of experiments that investigate performance in search and rescue navigating tasks using augmented reality. Augmentation consisted of a spatially and temporally registered map of a maze that was overlaid onto a real world maze. Participants were required to traverse the maze, answer spatially oriented questions in the maze, acquire a target object, and exit. Pre and post hoc questionnaires were administered. Time and accuracy data from one hundred twenty participants were collected across six treatments. The between subject treatments, which had an equal number of male and female participants, were a control condition with only a compass, a control condition with a paper map available prior to maze traversal and four experimental conditions consisting of combinations of egocentric and exocentric maps, and a continuously on and on demand map display. Data collected from each participant consisted of time to traverse the maze, percent of the maze covered, estimations of euclidian distance and direction, estimations of cardinal direction, and spatial recall. Data was also collected via pre and post hoc questionnaires. Results indicate that best performance with respect to time was in the control condition with a map. The small size of the maze could have facilitated this result through route memorization. Augmented reality can offer enhancement to performance as navigational tasks become more complex and saturate working memory. Augmented reality showed best performance in accuracy by facilitating participants' coverage of the maze. Exocentric maps generally exhibited better performance than egocentric maps. On demand displays also generally resulted in better performance than continuously on displays. Gender differences also were evident with males exhibiting better performance than females. Participants reporting an initial tendency to not rotate maps exhibited better performance than those reporting a tendency to rotate maps. Enhancements being made to augmented reality and related technologies will result in more features, improved form factor for users, and improved performance in the future. Guidelines provided in this work seek to ensure augmented reality systems continue to progress in enhancing performance
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: CFE0000177, ucf:46157
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000177

Title: SPATIAL ABILITY AND EXPERTS OF NEEDLEWORK CRAFTS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY.
Creator: Bailey, Shannon, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Spatial ability has been a topic of much research and debate over the past few decades. Yet, there are gaps in the current literature. Spatial ability refers to the aptitude of an individual to mentally rotate objects, visualize spaces, and recognize patterns (Linn & Petersen, 1985). A highly spatial task that is not addressed in research literature is crafting. Crafting may refer to knitting, crocheting, sewing, and other hobbies that include manipulations of materials. These crafts are...
Show moreSpatial ability has been a topic of much research and debate over the past few decades. Yet, there are gaps in the current literature. Spatial ability refers to the aptitude of an individual to mentally rotate objects, visualize spaces, and recognize patterns (Linn & Petersen, 1985). A highly spatial task that is not addressed in research literature is crafting. Crafting may refer to knitting, crocheting, sewing, and other hobbies that include manipulations of materials. These crafts are spatially oriented, because they necessitate mental rotation, pattern recognition, and 3-D visualization to create an object. While research tends to favor males on certain spatial tests (Voyer, Voyer, & Bryden, 1995), research on the relationship between expertise and spatial ability has concentrated on traditionally male dominated domains, such as architecture and video games (Salthouse & Mitchell, 1990; Sims & Mayer, 2002). The traditionally female domain of needlework crafting expertise has not been studied empirically. First, a literature review is presented to give an overview of previous spatial ability research. The paper then describes the needlework crafts of sewing, knitting, and crocheting, including their historical significance and the spatial processes involved. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that more expertise in needlework crafts will correlate with better performance on spatial ability tests. Three hundred and four adult women (ages 18-77) completed the study. Participant experience level was determined by self-perceived level of crafting expertise. Participants performed three spatial ability tests from the ETS Factor Reference Kit (Ekstrom et al., 1976): Paper Folding, Surface Development, and Card Rotations. Results indicated that age was correlated negatively with performance in all spatial tests. Only age was significant in the Card Rotations Test. In the Surface Development Test, self-perceived Sewing Expertise was significant in predicting participants' test scores. For the Paper Folding Test, Knitting and Crocheting Expertise were significant, suggesting expertise may mitigate age effects.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFH0004106, ucf:44881
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004106

Title: CHANGES IN RUNNING AND MULTIPLE OBJECT TRACKING PERFORMANCE DURING A 90-MINUTE INTERMITTENT SOCCER PERFORMANCE TEST (iSPT). A PILOT STUDY.
Creator: Girts, Ryan, Wells, Adam, Stout, Jeffrey, Fukuda, David, Hoffman, Jay, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Multiple object tracking (MOT) is a cognitive process that involves the active processing of dynamic visual information. In athletes, MOT speed is critical for maintaining spatial awareness of teammates, opponents, and the ball while moving at high velocities during a match. Understanding how MOT speed changes throughout the course of a competitive game may enhance strategies for maintaining optimal player performance. The objective of this study was to examine changes in MOT speed and...
Show moreMultiple object tracking (MOT) is a cognitive process that involves the active processing of dynamic visual information. In athletes, MOT speed is critical for maintaining spatial awareness of teammates, opponents, and the ball while moving at high velocities during a match. Understanding how MOT speed changes throughout the course of a competitive game may enhance strategies for maintaining optimal player performance. The objective of this study was to examine changes in MOT speed and running performance during a 90-minute intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT). A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between aerobic capacity and changes in MOT speed.Seven competitive female soccer players age: 20.4 (&)#177; 1.8 y, height: 166.7 (&)#177; 3.2 cm, weight: 62.4 (&)#177; 4.0 kg, VO2max: 45.8 (&)#177; 4.6 ml/kg/min-1) completed an intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT) on a Curve(TM) non-motorized treadmill (cNMT). The iSPT was divided into two 45-minute halves with a 15-minute halftime [HT] interval, and consisted of six individualized velocity zones. Velocity zones were consistent with previous time motion analyses of competitive soccer matches and based upon individual peak sprint speeds (PSS) as follows: standing (0% PSS, 17.8% of iSPT), walking (20% PSS, 36.4% of iSPT), jogging (35% PSS, 24.0% of iSPT), running (50% PSS, 11.6% of iSPT), fast running (60% PSS, 3.6% of iSPT), and sprinting (80% PSS, 6.7% of iSPT). Stand, walk, jog and run zones were combined to create a low-speed zone (LS). Fast run and sprint zones were combined to create a high-speed zone (HS). MOT speed was assessed at baseline (0 min.) and three times during each half of the iSPT. Dependent t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to analyze the data. Across 15-minute time blocks, significant decreases in distance covered and average speed were noted for jogging, sprinting, low-speed running, high-speed running, and total distance (p's (<) 0.05). Players covered significantly less total distance during the second half compared to the first (p = 0.025). Additionally, significant decreases in distance covered and average speed were observed during the second half for the sprint and HS zones (p's ? 0.008). No significant main effect was noted for MOT speed across 15-minute time blocks. A trend towards a decrease in MOT speed was observed between halves (p = 0.056). A significant correlation was observed between the change in MOT speed and VO2max (r = 0.888, p = 0.007). The fatigue associated with 90 minutes of soccer specific running negatively influenced running performance during the second half. However, increased aerobic capacity appears to be associated with an attenuation of cognitive decline during 90-minutes of soccer specific running. Results of this study indicate the importance of aerobic capacity on maintaining spatial awareness during a match.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007183, ucf:52290
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007183

Title: Spatial Models with Specific Error Structures.
Creator: Adu, Nathaniel, Richardson, Gary, Mohapatra, Ram, Song, Zixia, Lang, Sheau-Dong, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The purpose of this dissertation is to study the first order autoregressive model in the spatial context with specific error structures. We begin by supposing that the error structure has a long memory in both the i and the j components. Whenever the model parameters alpha and beta equal one, the limiting distribution of the sequence of normalized Fourier coefficients of the spatial process is shown to be a function of a two parameter fractional Brownian sheet. This result is used to find the...
Show moreThe purpose of this dissertation is to study the first order autoregressive model in the spatial context with specific error structures. We begin by supposing that the error structure has a long memory in both the i and the j components. Whenever the model parameters alpha and beta equal one, the limiting distribution of the sequence of normalized Fourier coefficients of the spatial process is shown to be a function of a two parameter fractional Brownian sheet. This result is used to find the limiting distribution of the periodogram ordinate of the spatial process under the null hypothesis that alpha equals one and beta equals one. We then give the limiting distribution of the normalized Fourier coefficients of the spatial process for both a moving average and autoregressive error structure. Two cases of autoregressive errors are considered. The first error model is autoregressive in one component and the second is autoregressive in both components. We show that the normalizing factor needed to ensure convergence in distribution of the sequence of Fourier coefficients is different in the moving average case, and the two autoregressive cases. In other words, the normalizing factor differs in each of these three cases.Finally, a specific case of the functional central limit theorem in the spatial setting is stated and proved. The assumptions made here are placed on the autocovariance functions. We then discuss some specific examples and provide a test statistics based on the periodogram ordinate.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: CFE0007772, ucf:52385
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007772

Title: UNDERSTANDING PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION IN AGRICULTURAL WETLANDS: CONTEXT DEPENDENT EFFECTS AND PLANT INTERACTIONS.
Creator: Boughton, Elizabeth, Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Community composition results from an integrated combination of random processes, regional habitat spatial structure, local environmental conditions, and species interactions. For example, the outcome of plant interactions can change depending on local environmental conditions such as nutrient availability, land management, or herbivory intensity. In particular, plant interactions may vary between facilitation and competition depending on ecological context, with facilitation expected to be...
Show moreCommunity composition results from an integrated combination of random processes, regional habitat spatial structure, local environmental conditions, and species interactions. For example, the outcome of plant interactions can change depending on local environmental conditions such as nutrient availability, land management, or herbivory intensity. In particular, plant interactions may vary between facilitation and competition depending on ecological context, with facilitation expected to be prevalent under stressful conditions. I present the results of four studies that address different aspects of the community assemblage and dynamics emphasizing the synergistic effect of different processes. In the first, I investigated the importance of habitat isolation in determining species richness of wetlands with contrasting land use. The second describes an experiment to test the hypothesis that plant interactions with an unpalatable plant (Juncus effusus) would range from competition in ungrazed areas to facilitation in grazed areas and predicted that facilitative effects of Juncus would differ among functional groups of beneficiary species and be strongest when grazing was intense. In the third, I examine the community composition impacts of Juncus and predicted that Juncus would preserve functional diversity in grazed wetlands but that the effects of Juncus would vary along a grazing gradient. The fourth study investigated the relative importance of competition and nutrients in determining wetland invasion in two different land use types. Broadly, I demonstrate that the importance of different processes (habitat isolation, nutrient availability, competition/facilitation) to community composition is dependent on ecological conditions. This integrated view of community dynamics is interesting from a purely ecological perspective but also can be applied to understanding ecological problems such as exotic invasions and restoration of disturbed habitats.
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: CFE0002678, ucf:48234
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002678

Title: Visuo-spatial abilities in remote perception: A meta-analysis of empirical work.
Creator: Fincannon, Thomas, Jentsch, Florian, Sims, Valerie, Bowers, Clint, Chen, Jessie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Meta-analysis was used to investigate the relationship between visuo-spatial ability and performance in remote environments. In order to be included, each study needed to examine the relationship between the use of an ego-centric perspective and various dimensions of performance (i.e., identification, localization, navigation, and mission completion time). The moderator analysis investigated relationships involving: (a) visuo-spatial construct with an emphasis on Carroll's (1993)...
Show moreMeta-analysis was used to investigate the relationship between visuo-spatial ability and performance in remote environments. In order to be included, each study needed to examine the relationship between the use of an ego-centric perspective and various dimensions of performance (i.e., identification, localization, navigation, and mission completion time). The moderator analysis investigated relationships involving: (a) visuo-spatial construct with an emphasis on Carroll's (1993) visualization (VZ) factor; (b) performance outcome (i.e., identification, localization, navigation, and mission completion time); (c) autonomy to support mission performance; (d) task type (i.e., navigation vs. reconnaissance); and (e) experimental testbed (i.e., physical vs. virtual environments). The process of searching and screening for published and unpublished analyses identified 81 works of interest that were found to represent 50 unique datasets. 518 effects were extracted from these datasets for analyses.Analyses of aggregated effects (Hunter (&) Schmidt, 2004) found that visuo-spatial abilities were significantly associated with each construct, such that effect sizes ranged from weak (r = .235) to moderately strong (r = .371). For meta-regression (Borenstein, Hedges, Figgins, (&) Rothstein, 2009; Kalaian (&) Raudenbush, 1996; Tabachnick (&) Fidell, 2007), moderation by visuo-spatial construct (i.e., focusing on visualization) was consistently supported for all outcomes. For at least one of the outcomes, support was found for moderation by test, the reliability coefficient of a test, autonomy (i.e. to support identification, localization, and navigation), testbed (i.e., physical vs. virtual environment), intended domain of application, and gender. These findings illustrate that majority of what researchers refer to as (")spatial ability(") actually uses measures that load onto Carroll's (1993) visualization (VZ) factor. The associations between this predictor and all performance outcomes were significant, but the significant variation across moderators highlight important issues for the design of unmanned systems and the external validity of findings across domains. For example, higher levels of autonomy for supporting navigation decreased the association between visualization (VZ) and performance. In contrast, higher levels of autonomy for supporting identification and localization increased the association between visualization (VZ) and performance. Furthermore, moderation by testbed, intended domain of application, and gender challenged the degree to which findings can be expected to generalize across domains and sets of participants.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004680, ucf:49858
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004680

Title: THE EFFECT OF WEIGHT AND SIZE ON MENTAL ROTATION.
Creator: Furtak, Luke, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Shepard and Metzler (1971) argued that mental rotation is analogous to the real world in that people imagine the rotation of an object as if it were being physically rotated. This study tested this assertion by exposing participants to physical shapes that increased in size and weight. Participants interacted with blocks designed after Shepard and Metzler mental rotation size that differed in size and weight then performed subsequent mental rotation. We found no difference in reaction time...
Show moreShepard and Metzler (1971) argued that mental rotation is analogous to the real world in that people imagine the rotation of an object as if it were being physically rotated. This study tested this assertion by exposing participants to physical shapes that increased in size and weight. Participants interacted with blocks designed after Shepard and Metzler mental rotation size that differed in size and weight then performed subsequent mental rotation. We found no difference in reaction time but found that increased size reduced accuracy. We discuss the implications of this study as they pertain to embodied cognition.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: CFH0004711, ucf:45399
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004711

Title: Safety investigation of traffic crashes incorporating spatial correlation effects.
Creator: Alkahtani, Khalid, Abdel-Aty, Mohamed, Radwan, Essam, Eluru, Naveen, Lee, JaeYoung, Zheng, Qipeng, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: One main interest in crash frequency modeling is to predict crash counts over a spatial domain of interest (e.g., traffic analysis zones (TAZs)). The macro-level crash prediction models can assist transportation planners with a comprehensive perspective to consider safety in the long-range transportation planning process. Most of the previous studies that have examined traffic crashes at the macro-level are related to high-income countries, whereas there is a lack of similar studies among...
Show moreOne main interest in crash frequency modeling is to predict crash counts over a spatial domain of interest (e.g., traffic analysis zones (TAZs)). The macro-level crash prediction models can assist transportation planners with a comprehensive perspective to consider safety in the long-range transportation planning process. Most of the previous studies that have examined traffic crashes at the macro-level are related to high-income countries, whereas there is a lack of similar studies among lower- and middle-income countries where most road traffic deaths (90%) occur. This includes Middle Eastern countries, necessitating a thorough investigation and diagnosis of the issues and factors instigating traffic crashes in the region in order to reduce these serious traffic crashes. Since pedestrians are more vulnerable to traffic crashes compared to other road users, especially in this region, a safety investigation of pedestrian crashes is crucial to improving traffic safety. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which is one of the largest Middle East metropolises, is used as an example to reflect the representation of these countries' characteristics, where Saudi Arabia has a rather distinct situation in that it is considered a high-income country, and yet it has the highest rate of traffic fatalities compared to their high-income counterparts. Therefore, in this research, several statistical methods are used to investigate the association between traffic crash frequency and contributing factors of crash data, which are characterized by 1) geographical referencing (i.e., observed at specific locations) or spatially varying over geographic units when modeled; 2) correlation between different response variables (e.g., crash counts by severity or type levels); and 3) temporally correlated. A Bayesian multivariate spatial model is developed for predicting crash counts by severity and type. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, policy makers would be able to suggest appropriate safety countermeasures for each type of crash in each zone.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007148, ucf:52324
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007148

Title: SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SPATIOTEMPORAL PATTERN OF THE SEED BANK AND VEGETATION IN NATIVE AND DEGRADED FLORIDA ROSEMARY SCRUB.
Creator: Navarra, Jennifer, Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The soil seed bank plays a dynamic role in the regeneration of plant communities after natural and anthropogenic disturbance. In this thesis, I addressed how disturbances influence the vegetation and seed bank of Florida rosemary scrub. In Chapter One I evaluated changes in species composition and spatiotemporal pattern of the vegetation and seed bank along a gradient of disturbance. During the summers and winters of 2007-2009 percent ground cover and seed bank species composition were...
Show moreThe soil seed bank plays a dynamic role in the regeneration of plant communities after natural and anthropogenic disturbance. In this thesis, I addressed how disturbances influence the vegetation and seed bank of Florida rosemary scrub. In Chapter One I evaluated changes in species composition and spatiotemporal pattern of the vegetation and seed bank along a gradient of disturbance. During the summers and winters of 2007-2009 percent ground cover and seed bank species composition were assessed among replicates of three vegetation types subjected to minimal, moderate, and extreme anthropogenic disturbance (native rosemary scrub, degraded scrub, and agriculturally improved pasture, respectively). These vegetation types shared the same soil and topographic characteristics but differed in disturbance history. I found that species composition and spatial pattern varied with disturbance. In pastures the compositional and structural characteristics of rosemary scrub were lost and only native scrub species able to evade herbivory persisted in this community. Native and degraded scrub differed most from each other in species abundances and spatial pattern. Degraded scrub showed highest abundance of subshrubs and a spike moss species, while rosemary scrub was dominated by shrubs. The seed banks of scrub herbs in degraded scrub had a tendency towards a random spatial distribution that lacked association with aboveground cover. Conversely, rosemary scrub seed banks tended to have an aggregated distribution and were associated with occurrence of conspecific species aboveground, litter, and shrub cover. These results indicated a change in the spatial heterogeneity of the seed banks of scrub herbs in degraded scrub. In Chapter Two I evaluated changes in seed bank density with time-since-fire in native rosemary scrub. Due to large pulses of recruitment immediately after fire and population decline with time-since-fire, I predicted seed density with time-since-fire would follow a unimodal function with low density in early and late years post-fire, and highest density at intermediate time-since-fire. I compared seed density data among sites with different time-since-fire: two sites each of three, six, ten and 24 years time-since-fire and three long-unburned sites (> 24 years). Variability in seed bank composition and density increased with time-since-fire and only recently burned stands were distinctly different from the other time-since-fire age classes. Some species and functional groups did exhibit a quadratic or cubic association to time-since-fire (ruderal herbs, subshrubs, Ceratiola ericoides, Lechea cernua, Paronychia chartacea, Phyllanthus tenellus); however, timing of the peak in seed density varied depending on life span and age of reproductive maturity. Scrub herbs were the most abundant functional group in the seed bank and showed highest density in the first ten years post-fire. This pattern corresponds to the pattern of aboveground species abundance and suggests abundances above- and belowground are closely linked. Understanding the dynamics of the seed bank in both naturally and anthropogenically disturbed communities in Florida rosemary scrub is important for the restoration of scrub habitat and management of existing populations of endangered and threatened scrub species endemic to the Lake Wales Ridge in central Florida.
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Date Issued: 2010
Identifier: CFE0003108, ucf:48620
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003108

Title: HENRY JAMES, VIRGINIA WOOLF, AND FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT: INTERIORITY, CONSCIOUSNESS, TIME, AND SPACE IN THE MODERNIST NOVEL AND THE HOME.
Creator: Michaelsen, Carol, Smith, Ernest, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: During the Modernist period, generally defined between the years 1890 and 1945, artists were attempting to break away from previous forms and styles. For example, writers like Henry James and Virginia Woolf sought to change the novel by exploring the consciousness of characters, while playing with the ideas of time and space to create the present moment. The thesis explores the modernist techniques used by James and Woolf, but also connects the work of the writers with the architecture of...
Show moreDuring the Modernist period, generally defined between the years 1890 and 1945, artists were attempting to break away from previous forms and styles. For example, writers like Henry James and Virginia Woolf sought to change the novel by exploring the consciousness of characters, while playing with the ideas of time and space to create the present moment. The thesis explores the modernist techniques used by James and Woolf, but also connects the work of the writers with the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright. Using Joseph Frank's theory of spatial form, my work explores the similarities between Wright's designs of private residences with the design of space in the novel. All three artists, I argue, are working with spatial form, blending interior with exterior, to provide the reader and the dweller with the opportunity to experience an organic unity, which ultimately results in a freezing of the moment. In addition to Frank's theory, I also incorporate Stanley Fish and Reader Response theory and William James's Principles of Psychology. The reader and the dweller must actively engage with the structure, whether a text or the home, to develop and realize the possibilities of spatial form. Also, William James's ideas about the mind and consciousness influenced Henry James and Virginia Woolf, especially in their focus on character, rather than description. I have chosen James's The Turn of the Screw and The Wings of the Dove along with Woolf's To the Lighthouse and The Waves to study with Wright's Prairie and Usonian residences. Each chapter looks at one novel and Wright's corresponding work during approximately the same time period. By connecting literature and architecture, the thesis provides new ways of thinking about the two disciplines, especially concerning interiority and consciousness. James, Woolf, and Wright are all experimenting with time and space to create a unified experience, and the striking parallels between their work deserves more attention.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001280, ucf:46925
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001280

Title: THE EFFECTS OF VIDEO FRAME DELAY AND SPATIAL ABILITY ON THE OPERATION OF MULTIPLE SEMIAUTONOMOUS AND TELE-OPERATED ROBOTS.
Creator: Sloan, Jared, Stanney, Kay, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The United States Army has moved into the 21st century with the intent of redesigning not only the force structure but also the methods by which we will fight and win our nation's wars. Fundamental in this restructuring is the development of the Future Combat Systems (FCS). In an effort to minimize exposure of front line soldiers the future Army will utilize unmanned assets for both information gathering and when necessary engagements. Yet this must be done judiciously, as the bandwidth for...
Show moreThe United States Army has moved into the 21st century with the intent of redesigning not only the force structure but also the methods by which we will fight and win our nation's wars. Fundamental in this restructuring is the development of the Future Combat Systems (FCS). In an effort to minimize exposure of front line soldiers the future Army will utilize unmanned assets for both information gathering and when necessary engagements. Yet this must be done judiciously, as the bandwidth for net-centric warfare is limited. The implication is that the FCS must be designed to leverage bandwidth in a manner that does not overtax computational resources. In this study alternatives for improving human performance during operation of teleoperated and semi-autonomous robots were examined. It was predicted that when operating both types of robots, frame delay of the semi-autonomous robot would improve performance because it would allow operators to concentrate on the constant workload imposed by the teleoperated while only allocating resources to the semi-autonomous during critical tasks. An additional prediction was that operators with high spatial ability would perform better than those with low spatial ability, especially when operating an aerial vehicle. The results can not confirm that frame delay has a positive effect on operator performance, though power may have been an issue, but clearly show that spatial ability is a strong predictor of performance on robotic asset control, particularly with aerial vehicles. In operating the UAV, the high spatial group was, on average, 30% faster, lazed 12% more targets, and made 43% more location reports than the low spatial group. The implications of this study indicate that system design should judiciously manage workload and capitalize on individual ability to improve performance and are relevant to system designers, especially in the military community.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000430, ucf:46379
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000430

Spatial Ability (6)	+ -
GIS (4)	+ -
Mental Rotation (3)	+ -
spatial analysis (3)	+ -
Florida (2)	+ -

Navigation (2)	+ -
Visualization (2)	+ -
spatial (2)	+ -
spatial ability (2)	+ -
spatial autocorrelation (2)	+ -
spatial solitons (2)	+ -
training (2)	+ -
3D Spatial Relationship (1)	+ -
3D stereoscopy (1)	+ -
Adaptive Training (1)	+ -
Alternative Vehicle Technologies (1)	+ -
Analogical Problem Solving (1)	+ -
Anatomy (1)	+ -
Aptitude Treatment Interaction (1)	+ -
Archaeology (1)	+ -
Assistive Robotic (1)	+ -
Attention (1)	+ -
Augemented Reality (1)	+ -
Augmented Reality (1)	+ -
Automated Maps (1)	+ -
Autoregressive spatial process (1)	+ -
Bayesian inference (1)	+ -
Bayesian modeling (1)	+ -
Bayesian models (1)	+ -
Biodiversity (1)	+ -

ETD Collection (45)	+ -
Honors Collection (7)	+ -

University of Central Florida (52)	+ -
Sims, Valerie (8)	+ -
Abdel-Aty, Mohamed (6)	+ -
Jentsch, Florian (4)	+ -
Quintana-Ascencio, Pedro (4)	+ -

Bowers, Clint (3)	+ -
Lee, JaeYoung (3)	+ -
Stanney, Kay (3)	+ -
Eluru, Naveen (2)	+ -
Foroosh, Hassan (2)	+ -
Hancock, Peter (2)	+ -
Hua, Kien (2)	+ -
Kuo, Pei-Fen (2)	+ -
Mouloua, Mustapha (2)	+ -
Nam, Boo Hyun (2)	+ -
Neider, Mark (2)	+ -
Stegeman, George I. (2)	+ -
Szalma, James (2)	+ -
Tatari, Omer (2)	+ -
Walker, John (2)	+ -
Abolghasemi, Pooya (1)	+ -
Adu, Nathaniel (1)	+ -
Ahmad, Ali (1)	+ -
Alarifi, Saif (1)	+ -
Alkahtani, Khalid (1)	+ -
Bailey, Shannon (1)	+ -
Barclay, Paul (1)	+ -
Beiler, Rosalind (1)	+ -
Birnbaum, David (1)	+ -
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