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(1 - 20 of 35)
Pages
- Title
- The cartel system.
- Creator
-
Allen, James Stewart
- Date Issued
- c1946
- Identifier
- 369651, CFDT369651, ucf:5464
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/369651
- Title
- International cartels and world peace, a condensation of a study prepared for and published by the Kilgore committee.
- Creator
-
Edwards, Corwin D., Post War World Council, United States Congress Senate Committee on Military Affairs
- Date Issued
- 1944
- Identifier
- 2700018, CFDT2700018, ucf:5148
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/FCLA/DT/2700018
- Title
- Trust Trajectories as a Function of Violation Type and Repair Efforts.
- Creator
-
Thayer, Amanda, Salas, Eduardo, Joseph, Dana, Fritzsche, Barbara, Rico Munoz, Ramon, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Across domains, organizations and society are facing a trust deficit (Twenge, Campbell, (&) Carter, 2014). This is problematic, as trust is important to a variety of critical organizational outcomes, such as perceived task performance, team satisfaction, relationship commitment, and stress mitigation (Costa, Roe, (&) Taillieu, 2001), and has been cited as a motivator for cooperation and knowledge transfer due to its capacity to reduce fear and risk of exploitation (Chen et al., 1998; Fleig...
Show moreAcross domains, organizations and society are facing a trust deficit (Twenge, Campbell, (&) Carter, 2014). This is problematic, as trust is important to a variety of critical organizational outcomes, such as perceived task performance, team satisfaction, relationship commitment, and stress mitigation (Costa, Roe, (&) Taillieu, 2001), and has been cited as a motivator for cooperation and knowledge transfer due to its capacity to reduce fear and risk of exploitation (Chen et al., 1998; Fleig-Palmer (&) Schoorman, 2011; Irwin (&) Berigan, 2013; Yamagishi (&) Sato, 1986), and a key component of collaboration. As organizations increasingly rely upon collaboration for achieving important outcomes, it is of critical importance that organizations understand how to not only develop interpersonal trust in collaborative partnerships to facilitate these positive outcomes, but also the way in which interpersonal trust is broken and can be repaired when problems inevitably arise. Though research has begun to investigate trust violation and trust repair, relatively little is known about trust development, violation, and repair as a process that unfolds over time. This is problematic, as cross-sectional studies fail to capture change, both in terms of how trust itself changes as well as how the effect of a violation or the utility of a repair strategy may be weaker or stronger in the long-term than the short-term. Thus, findings from a single point in time may result in different conclusions and recommendations than those that would result from long-term investigation. Therefore, this study examines how interpersonal trust patterns unfold within individuals, and how these patterns differ between individuals depending on the type of violation and the repair strategy employed. An experimental study using discontinuous growth modeling to examine intraindividual and interindividual differences in trust processes found that generally, trust was negatively impacted more after an intentional ((")will do(")) violation as compared to a competence ((")can do(")) violation, such that it had a greater impact on character assessments than a competence violation and also damaged perceptions of ability as much as a competence violation. These negative impacts carried over into trust restoration, which was significantly slower after an intentional violation than a competence violation. Furthermore, study findings suggest that after an intentional violation, trust restored more quickly when surveillance was implemented than when compensation was offered. Though the opposite did not hold true for a competence violation, the findings did approach significance. Drawing from these findings, implications and future research recommendations are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005892, ucf:50895
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005892
- Title
- Cultural Differences in Forgiveness: Fatalism, Trust Violations, and Trust Repair Efforts in Interpersonal Collaboration.
- Creator
-
Wildman, Jessica, Salas, Eduardo, Fritzsche, Barbara, Burke, Shawn, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Mistakes and betrayals can cause developing interpersonal trust between parties to be broken, and damaged trust can have serious negative impacts on relationships, such as withdrawal from group interaction or the enactment of revenge. Research has suggested that the use of apologies helps to repair damaged trust. However, this research is almost exclusively based in westernized populations and has not begun to explore any cross-cultural differences. Therefore, the primary goal of this...
Show moreMistakes and betrayals can cause developing interpersonal trust between parties to be broken, and damaged trust can have serious negative impacts on relationships, such as withdrawal from group interaction or the enactment of revenge. Research has suggested that the use of apologies helps to repair damaged trust. However, this research is almost exclusively based in westernized populations and has not begun to explore any cross-cultural differences. Therefore, the primary goal of this comparative cross-national laboratory study was to examine if, and how, the effectiveness of trust repair efforts differs across cultures. The effectiveness of three manipulated trust repair strategies (no response, apology, and account) was tested using students from universities in the United States (U.S.) and in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results of the study indicate that fatalism, or the belief that events in life are meant to occur, was negatively related to initial trust and positively related to initial distrust toward one's collaborative partner. It was also found that higher levels of fatalism were associated with more severe trust damage after a trust violation. Regarding the trust repair strategies, accounts were more effective at repairing trust than no response for high fatalism participants whereas apologies were more effective than accounts at reducing distrust after a violation for low fatalism participants, providing partial support for the idea that trust repair strategies are more effective when matched to the cultural self-construal of the victim. Finally, initial distrust and trust directly after the violation were predictive of taking revenge on the other player. Implications are discussed along with the study limitations and suggestions for future research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0004178, ucf:49080
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004178
- Title
- THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON INITIAL DECISIONS TO TRUST IN NEWLY FORMING TEAMS: A POLICY CAPTURING APPROACH.
- Creator
-
Priest Walker, Heather, Salas, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
This study investigated the impact of diversity on the decision to trust at team formation when no history or prior relationship exists. The study consisted of two phases: 1) a selection phase and 2) a policy capturing phase. The first phase consisted of demographics, propensity to trust, and prejudice scales that were used to select participants for phase 2. The second phase consisted of a full factorial design, policy capturing study which consisted of 64 scenarios which varied the level (i...
Show moreThis study investigated the impact of diversity on the decision to trust at team formation when no history or prior relationship exists. The study consisted of two phases: 1) a selection phase and 2) a policy capturing phase. The first phase consisted of demographics, propensity to trust, and prejudice scales that were used to select participants for phase 2. The second phase consisted of a full factorial design, policy capturing study which consisted of 64 scenarios which varied the level (i.e., high and low) of 6 variables: cultural diversity, attribution, perceptions of risk, trustworthiness, third party information, and role clarity. The policy capturing study was used to identify the weights given to these variables when deciding whether or not to trust a new team member. Propensity to trust scores and prejudice ratings were used as moderators of the relationships between these 6 variables and the decision to trust. Findings showed that there was a strong moderating affect of the diversity of the simulated team member on the participant's decision to trust. However, there was no direct relationship between diversity and the decision to trust. The weight given to each variable, as well as the interaction of variables, was different based on the diversity of the new team member. Findings suggest that when forming teams, the diversity of new team members will impact what factors individuals consider in deciding to trust that other person. In addition to future research needs, the impact of these results is discussed in terms of both training and selection in teams.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- CFE0002358, ucf:47800
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002358
- Title
- MODERATORS OF TRUST AND RELIANCE ACROSS MULTIPLE DECISION AIDS.
- Creator
-
Ross, Jennifer, Szalma, James, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The present work examines whether user's trust of and reliance on automation, were affected by the manipulations of user's perception of the responding agent. These manipulations included agent reliability, agent type, and failure salience. Previous work has shown that automation is not uniformly beneficial; problems can occur because operators fail to rely upon automation appropriately, by either misuse (overreliance) or disuse (underreliance). This is because operators often face...
Show moreThe present work examines whether user's trust of and reliance on automation, were affected by the manipulations of user's perception of the responding agent. These manipulations included agent reliability, agent type, and failure salience. Previous work has shown that automation is not uniformly beneficial; problems can occur because operators fail to rely upon automation appropriately, by either misuse (overreliance) or disuse (underreliance). This is because operators often face difficulties in understanding how to combine their judgment with that of an automated aid. This difficulty is especially prevalent in complex tasks in which users rely heavily on automation to reduce their workload and improve task performance. However, when users rely on automation heavily they often fail to monitor the system effectively (i.e., they lose situation awareness – a form of misuse). However, if an operator realizes a system is imperfect and fails, they may subsequently lose trust in the system leading to underreliance. In the present studies, it was hypothesized that in a dual-aid environment poor reliability in one aid would impact trust and reliance levels in a companion better aid, but that this relationship is dependent upon the perceived aid type and the noticeability of the errors made. Simulations of a computer-based search-and-rescue scenario, employing uninhabited/unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) searching a commercial office building for critical signals, were used to investigate these hypotheses. Results demonstrated that participants were able to adjust their reliance and trust on automated teammates depending on the teammate's actual reliability levels. However, as hypothesized there was a biasing effect among mixed-reliability aids for trust and reliance. That is, when operators worked with two agents of mixed-reliability, their perception of how reliable and to what degree they relied on the aid was effected by the reliability of a current aid. Additionally, the magnitude and direction of how trust and reliance were biased was contingent upon agent type (i.e., 'what' the agents were: two humans, two similar robotic agents, or two dissimilar robot agents). Finally, the type of agent an operator believed they were operating with significantly impacted their temporal reliance (i.e., reliance following an automation failure). Such that, operators were less likely to agree with a recommendation from a human teammate, after that teammate had made an obvious error, than with a robotic agent that had made the same obvious error. These results demonstrate that people are able to distinguish when an agent is performing well but that there are genuine differences in how operators respond to agents of mixed or same abilities and to errors by fellow human observers or robotic teammates. The overall goal of this research was to develop a better understanding how the aforementioned factors affect users' trust in automation so that system interfaces can be designed to facilitate users' calibration of their trust in automated aids, thus leading to improved coordination of human-automation performance. These findings have significant implications to many real-world systems in which human operators monitor the recommendations of multiple other human and/or machine systems.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- CFE0002077, ucf:47579
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002077
- Title
- GENERAL SOCIAL TRUST AND POLITICAL TRUST WITHIN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL GROUPS: A CASE STUDY.
- Creator
-
Craig, Weylan, Pollock, Philip, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
People in society with high levels of generalized social trust and political trust are more likely to engage in civic activism and participation. Therefore, people involved in social and political groups will likely have higher levels of generalized social and political trust than the general public. What lacks in this realm of scholarship is a solid comparison of trust among people involved in social and political groups. This case-study analysis of generalized social trust and political...
Show morePeople in society with high levels of generalized social trust and political trust are more likely to engage in civic activism and participation. Therefore, people involved in social and political groups will likely have higher levels of generalized social and political trust than the general public. What lacks in this realm of scholarship is a solid comparison of trust among people involved in social and political groups. This case-study analysis of generalized social trust and political trust among social and political groups shows the trust that is not only generated within each group, but also which types of groups are more effective at developing citizens that participate in society. Using a researcher-designed survey instrument, two social groups and two political groups have been evaluated and compared to demonstrate members' propensity to trust others in society and those in political office at all levels of government. Sample size is 115 respondents. Among other demographic data analyzed and compared to a larger population data set in the World Values Survey, six hypotheses have been tested. Typical analysis shows demographic data or group membership as the independent variable with trust values acting as the dependent variable. Graphic and cross-tabular data show that social groups recorded higher levels of political trust than political groups. This is probably due to the ideological leanings of the political groups. Political groups showed higher levels of generalized social trust than social groups. Political group members probably feel that their actions are benefiting the greater good. Additionally, participation variables showed that not only are political group members more interested in politics than social group members, but they also have higher levels of registering to vote and to participate in the voting process. They are probably seeking to make significant change in the political system through their actions. The research conducted does not seek to provide a comprehensive analysis of trust among members of social and political groups. However, it is intended to promote the analysis of trust among people in society that have a predisposition to trust as they have shown through the act of participating in a social or political group. As foci for the development of trust, analysis of social and political groups provides a shortcut for scholars interested in the development and proliferation of trust in society. This research provides analysis of four case-study groups at one point in time. Further research using larger sample sizes and time-series analysis could advance trust analysis among social and political groups.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- Identifier
- CFE0001370, ucf:46997
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001370
- Title
- THE EFFECTS OF ETHNIC DIVERSITY, PERCEIVED SIMILARITY, AND TRUST ON COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE.
- Creator
-
Wildman, Jessica, Salas, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Recent issues such as global economic crises, terrorism, and conservation efforts are making international collaboration a critical topic. While cultural diversity often brings with it new perspectives and innovative solutions, diversity in collaborative settings can also lead to misunderstandings and interaction problems. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the processes and influences of intercultural collaboration and how to manage the collaborative process to result in the...
Show moreRecent issues such as global economic crises, terrorism, and conservation efforts are making international collaboration a critical topic. While cultural diversity often brings with it new perspectives and innovative solutions, diversity in collaborative settings can also lead to misunderstandings and interaction problems. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the processes and influences of intercultural collaboration and how to manage the collaborative process to result in the most effective outcomes possible. In order to address this need, the current study examines the effect of ethnic diversity, perceived deep-level similarity, trust, and distrust on collaborative behavior and performance in decision-making dyads. Participants were assigned to either same-ethnicity or different-ethnicity dyads and worked together on a political simulation game in which they had to make complex decisions to solve societal problems and increase their popularity. The results of this study indicate that ethnically similar dyads reported higher levels of perceived deep-level similarity than ethnically dissimilar dyads, and that this perceived deep-level similarity served as the mediating mechanism between objective differences in ethnic diversity and trust and distrust, respectively. The findings also suggest that trust and distrust attitudes, when considered together as a multiple mediation model, mediate the positive relationship between perceived deep-level similarity and collaborative behavior. Finally, results show that collaborative behavior significantly predicts objective performance on the political decision-making simulation. The implications of this study for theory and practice are discussed along with the study limitations and several suggestions for future research.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2010
- Identifier
- CFE0003102, ucf:48299
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003102
- Title
- The Perception and Measurement of Human-Robot Trust.
- Creator
-
Schaefer, Kristin, Hancock, Peter, Jentsch, Florian, Kincaid, John, Reinerman, Lauren, Billings, Deborah, Lee, John, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
As robots penetrate further into the everyday environments, trust in these robots becomes a crucial issue. The purpose of this work was to create and validate a reliable scale that could measure changes in an individual's trust in a robot. Assessment of current trust theory identified measurable antecedents specific to the human, the robot, and the environment. Six experiments subsumed the development of the 40 item trust scale. Scale development included the creation of a 172 item pool. Two...
Show moreAs robots penetrate further into the everyday environments, trust in these robots becomes a crucial issue. The purpose of this work was to create and validate a reliable scale that could measure changes in an individual's trust in a robot. Assessment of current trust theory identified measurable antecedents specific to the human, the robot, and the environment. Six experiments subsumed the development of the 40 item trust scale. Scale development included the creation of a 172 item pool. Two experiments identified the robot features and perceived functional characteristics that were related to the classification of a machine as a robot for this item pool. Item pool reduction techniques and subject matter expert (SME) content validation were used to reduce the scale to 40 items. The two final experiments were then conducted to validate the scale. The finalized 40 item pre-post interaction trust scale was designed to measure trust perceptions specific to HRI. The scale measured trust on a 0-100% rating scale and provides a percentage trust score. A 14 item sub-scale of this final version of the test recommended by SMEs may be sufficient for some HRI tasks, and the implications of this proposition were discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFE0004931, ucf:49634
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004931
- Title
- Can mutual trust explain the diversity-performance relationship? A meta-analysis.
- Creator
-
Feitosa Pereira, Jennifer, Salas, Eduardo, Joseph, Dana, Fritzsche, Barbara, Burke, Shawn, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Trust is gaining attention for its benefits to both teams and organizations as a whole (Fulmer (&) Gelfand, 2012). The difficulty of building it in comparison to the ease of destroying it calls for a deeper understanding of trust, as well as its relationship with critical team outcomes (Colquitt, LePine, Piccolo, Zapata, (&) Rich, 2012). Unfortunately, current research has progressed in a disjointed manner that requires the integration of findings before a more parsimonious and descriptive...
Show moreTrust is gaining attention for its benefits to both teams and organizations as a whole (Fulmer (&) Gelfand, 2012). The difficulty of building it in comparison to the ease of destroying it calls for a deeper understanding of trust, as well as its relationship with critical team outcomes (Colquitt, LePine, Piccolo, Zapata, (&) Rich, 2012). Unfortunately, current research has progressed in a disjointed manner that requires the integration of findings before a more parsimonious and descriptive understanding of trust at the team-level can be developed. Beyond this basic understanding, research is needed to explore the nature of trust in teams comprised of diverse members, as multi-national, multi-cultural, and interdisciplinary teams are increasingly characterizing the modern landscape. Thus, this article uses meta-analytic techniques to examine the extent to which mutual trust can serve as an underlying mechanism that drives the diversity-team performance relationship. First, surface-level and deep-level diversity characteristics varied in their impact on trust. Value diversity emerged as the most detrimental, along with the moderating effect of time. Second, 95 independent samples comprising 5,721 teams emphasized the importance of trust to team performance with a moderate and positive relationship. Third, mediation analyses answered recent calls (e.g., van Knippenberg (&) Schippers, 2007) to examine underlying mechanisms that can explain the diversity-outcomes relationship. This showed age, gender, value, and function diversity to be related to performance through mutual trust. Furthermore, this study explores whether contextual (e.g., team distribution) as well as measurement (e.g., referent) issues pose systematic differences in the diversity-trust and trust-performance relationships. Surprisingly, the construct of trust at the team-level proved to be generalizable across a number of unique conditions. In addition to this extensive quantitative review, implications and future research are discussed.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005792, ucf:50070
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005792
- Title
- PREDICTING PATIENTS' TRUST IN PHYSICIANS FROM PERSONALITY VARIABLES, ETHNICITY, AND GENDER.
- Creator
-
Mukhtar, Zoreed A, Negy, Charles, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
This study examined variables related to the doctor-patient interaction that can predict college students' trust in their physicians. Specifically, I examined if five personality variables, ethnicity, and gender were associated with attitudes toward physicians. A second aim of the study was to determine if there was a difference in the level of trust in physicians between pre-medical and non-pre-medical students. Surveys were administered to UCF students containing a series of questions...
Show moreThis study examined variables related to the doctor-patient interaction that can predict college students' trust in their physicians. Specifically, I examined if five personality variables, ethnicity, and gender were associated with attitudes toward physicians. A second aim of the study was to determine if there was a difference in the level of trust in physicians between pre-medical and non-pre-medical students. Surveys were administered to UCF students containing a series of questions compiled from the Interpersonal Physician Trust Scale, Interpersonal Trust Scale, Illness Attitude Scale, Big Five Inventory, Martin-Larsen Approval Motivation Scale-Short Form, Almost Perfect Scale-Revised and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale-Short Form, as well as 13 original questions that I developed. The sample consisted of 211 UCF students. It was hypothesized that lower levels of mistrust of others, symptoms of hypochondria, introversion, need for approval, and perfectionism would correlate significantly with trust in medical doctors. It was also hypothesized that there would be a difference in the level of trust in physicians between pre-medical and non-premedical students. Results indicated that on average, most participants across ethnicity and gender expressed uncertainty about their level of trust in their physicians. Ethnicity was not associated significantly with trust in physician. Gender was also not associated significantly with trust in physician. For Hispanic participants, only introversion predicted trust in physician. For male participants, only hypochondria predicted trust in physician. Finally, pre-medical status was not associated significantly with a difference in physician trust.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFH2000244, ucf:45972
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000244
- Title
- Quantifying Trust and Reputation for Defense against Adversaries in Multi-Channel Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks.
- Creator
-
Bhattacharjee, Shameek, Chatterjee, Mainak, Guha, Ratan, Zou, Changchun, Turgut, Damla, Catbas, Necati, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Dynamic spectrum access enabled by cognitive radio networks are envisioned to drivethe next generation wireless networks that can increase spectrum utility by opportunisticallyaccessing unused spectrum. Due to the policy constraint that there could be no interferenceto the primary (licensed) users, secondary cognitive radios have to continuously sense forprimary transmissions. Typically, sensing reports from multiple cognitive radios are fusedas stand-alone observations are prone to errors...
Show moreDynamic spectrum access enabled by cognitive radio networks are envisioned to drivethe next generation wireless networks that can increase spectrum utility by opportunisticallyaccessing unused spectrum. Due to the policy constraint that there could be no interferenceto the primary (licensed) users, secondary cognitive radios have to continuously sense forprimary transmissions. Typically, sensing reports from multiple cognitive radios are fusedas stand-alone observations are prone to errors due to wireless channel characteristics. Suchdependence on cooperative spectrum sensing is vulnerable to attacks such as SecondarySpectrum Data Falsification (SSDF) attacks when multiple malicious or selfish radios falsifythe spectrum reports. Hence, there is a need to quantify the trustworthiness of radios thatshare spectrum sensing reports and devise malicious node identification and robust fusionschemes that would lead to correct inference about spectrum usage.In this work, we propose an anomaly monitoring technique that can effectively cap-ture anomalies in the spectrum sensing reports shared by individual cognitive radios duringcooperative spectrum sensing in a multi-channel distributed network. Such anomalies areused as evidence to compute the trustworthiness of a radio by its neighbours. The proposedanomaly monitoring technique works for any density of malicious nodes and for any physicalenvironment. We propose an optimistic trust heuristic for a system with a normal risk attitude and show that it can be approximated as a beta distribution. For a more conservativesystem, we propose a multinomial Dirichlet distribution based conservative trust framework,where Josang's Belief model is used to resolve any uncertainty in information that mightarise during anomaly monitoring. Using a machine learning approach, we identify maliciousnodes with a high degree of certainty regardless of their aggressiveness and variations intro-duced by the pathloss environment. We also propose extensions to the anomaly monitoringtechnique that facilitate learning about strategies employed by malicious nodes and alsoutilize the misleading information they provide. We also devise strategies to defend against a collaborative SSDF attack that islaunched by a coalition of selfish nodes. Since, defense against such collaborative attacks isdifficult with popularly used voting based inference models or node centric isolation techniques, we propose a channel centric Bayesian inference approach that indicates how much the collective decision on a channels occupancy inference can be trusted. Based on the measured observations over time, we estimate the parameters of the hypothesis of anomalous andnon-anomalous events using a multinomial Bayesian based inference. We quantitatively define the trustworthiness of a channel inference as the difference between the posterior beliefsassociated with anomalous and non-anomalous events. The posterior beliefs are updated based on a weighted average of the prior information on the belief itself and the recently observed data.Subsequently, we propose robust fusion models which utilize the trusts of the nodes to improve the accuracy of the cooperative spectrum sensing decisions. In particular, we propose three fusion models: (i) optimistic trust based fusion, (ii) conservative trust based fusion, and (iii) inversion based fusion. The former two approaches exclude untrustworthy sensing reports for fusion, while the last approach utilizes misleading information. Allschemes are analyzed under various attack strategies. We propose an asymmetric weightedmoving average based trust management scheme that quickly identifies on-off SSDF attacks and prevents quick trust redemption when such nodes revert back to temporal honest behavior. We also provide insights on what attack strategies are more effective from the adversaries' perspective.Through extensive simulation experiments we show that the trust models are effective in identifying malicious nodes with a high degree of certainty under variety of network and radio conditions. We show high true negative detection rates even when multiple malicious nodes launch collaborative attacks which is an improvement over existing voting based exclusion and entropy divergence techniques. We also show that we are able to improve the accuracy of fusion decisions compared to other popular fusion techniques. Trust based fusion schemes show worst case decision error rates of 5% while inversion based fusion show 4% as opposed majority voting schemes that have 18% error rate. We also show that the proposed channel centric Bayesian inference based trust model is able to distinguish between attacked and non-attacked channels for both static and dynamic collaborative attacks. We are also able to show that attacked channels have significantly lower trust values than channels that are not(-) a metric that can be used by nodes to rank the quality of inference on channels.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005764, ucf:50081
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005764
- Title
- COMMUNICATION MODALITY AND AFTER ACTION REVIEW PERFORMANCE IN A DISTRIBUTED IMMERSIVE VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT.
- Creator
-
Kring, Jason P., Salas, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Virtual teams, in which geographically separate individuals interact via a technology bridge to perform collective activities, are becoming commonplace in the military, business, and education. Despite numerous benefits, virtual teams often lack face-to-face (FTF) interaction which may alter communication processes and subsequently affect team factors necessary for successful performance. Previous research indicated local teams, with members at the same physical location, outperformed...
Show moreVirtual teams, in which geographically separate individuals interact via a technology bridge to perform collective activities, are becoming commonplace in the military, business, and education. Despite numerous benefits, virtual teams often lack face-to-face (FTF) interaction which may alter communication processes and subsequently affect team factors necessary for successful performance. Previous research indicated local teams, with members at the same physical location, outperformed distributed teams, with members at different locations, in a series of military-style missions in an immersive virtual environment (VE). The present study replicated and extended this effort by measuring how communication modality affects three team factors often cited as facilitating performance: shared mental models (SMMs), cohesion (task and interpersonal), and trust (cognitive and emotional). Local teams were expected to again perform better than distributed teams and exhibit greater SMM similarity, cohesion, and trust. Furthermore, a brief team communication training (TCT) program was administered to half of the teams on the premise training would improve distributed team performance. Thirty two, 2-person teams were distributed into four experimental conditions (n = 8) based on location (local vs. distributed) and training (TCT vs. no-TCT) and then conducted five VE missions. Each mission required the team to search a 10-room building for hazardous materials and opposing forces while protecting neutral bystanders. Results showed local teams again performed better than distributed teams on overall mission performance, however the difference was less robust than anticipated. Analyses of the three team factors revealed a main effect of location as local teams reported higher levels of cognitive trust and more agreement on one of 10 SMM measures than distributed teams. A similar difference was found for the main effect of TCT with trained teams exhibiting higher cognitive trust than no-TCT teams. Results support that distributed teams operating in a common virtual setting experience performance deficits when compared to their physically co-located counterparts. Future research is needed to address the role of cognitive trust for virtual teams, the time required to develop detectable levels of emotional trust and cohesion, and how social presence between team members influences performance.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2004
- Identifier
- CFE0000054, ucf:46074
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000054
- Title
- Two Pathways To Performance: Affective- and Motivationally-Driven Development In Virtual Multiteam Systems.
- Creator
-
Jimenez, Miliani, Dechurch, Leslie, Salas, Eduardo, Bowers, Clint, Zaccaro, Stephen, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Multiteam systems are an integral part of our daily lives. We witness these entities in natural disaster responses teams, such as the PB Oil Spill and Hurricane Katrina, governmental agencies, such as the CIA and FBI, working behind the scenes to preemptively disarm terrorist attacks, within branches of the Armed Forces, within our organizations, and in science teams aiming to find a cure for cancer (Goodwin, Essens, (&) Smith, 2012; Marks (&) Luvison, 2012). Two key features of the...
Show moreMultiteam systems are an integral part of our daily lives. We witness these entities in natural disaster responses teams, such as the PB Oil Spill and Hurricane Katrina, governmental agencies, such as the CIA and FBI, working behind the scenes to preemptively disarm terrorist attacks, within branches of the Armed Forces, within our organizations, and in science teams aiming to find a cure for cancer (Goodwin, Essens, (&) Smith, 2012; Marks (&) Luvison, 2012). Two key features of the collaborative efforts of multiteam systems are the exchange of information both within and across component team boundaries as well as the virtual tools employed to transfer information between teams (Keyton, Ford, (&) Smith, 2012; Zaccaro, Marks, (&) DeChurch, 2012).The goal of this dissertation was to shed light on enabling the effectiveness of multiteam systems. One means of targeting this concern was to provide insight on the underpinnings of MTS mechanism and how they evolve. The past 20 years of research on teams supports the central role of motivational and affective states (Kozlowski (&) Ilgen, 2006; and Mathieu, Maynard, Rapp, (&) Gibson, 2008) as critical drivers of performance. Therefore it was my interest to understand how these critical team mechanisms unravel at the multiteam system level and understanding how they influence the development of other important multiteam system processes and emergent states. Specifically, this dissertation focused on the influence motivational and affective emergent states (such as multiteam efficacy and multiteam trust) have on shaping behavioral processes (such as information sharing-unique and open) and cognitive emergent states (such as Transactive memory systems and shared mental models). Findings from this dissertation suggest that multiteam efficacy is a driver of open information sharing in multiteam systems and both types of cognitive emergent states (transactive memory systems and shared mental models). Multiteam trust was also found to be a critical driver of open information sharing and the cognitive emergent state transactive memory systems.Understanding that these mechanisms do not evolve in isolation, it was my interest to study them under a growing contextual state that is continuously infiltrating our work lives today, under virtual collaboration. This dissertation sought to uncover how the use of distinct forms of virtual tools, media rich tools and media retrievability tools, enable multiteam systems to develop needed behavioral processes and cognitive emergent states. Findings suggest that the use of media retrievability tools interacted with the task mental models in promoting the exchange of unique information both between and within component teams of a multiteam system.The implications of these findings are twofold. First, since both motivational and affective emergent states of members within multiteam systems are critical drivers of behavioral processes, cognitive emergent states, and in turn multiteam system performance; future research should explore how we can diagnose as well as target the development of multiteam system level efficacy and trust. Second, the virtual communication tools that provide multiteam systems members the ability to review discussed materials at a later point in time are critical for sharing information both within and across component teams depending on the level of shared cognition that multiteam system members possess of the task.Therefore the ability to encourage the use and provide such tools for collaborative purposes is beneficial for the successful collaboration of multiteam systems.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFE0004389, ucf:52872
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004389
- Title
- Moral Blameworthiness and Trustworthiness: The Role of Accounts and Apologies in Perceptions of Human and Machine Agents.
- Creator
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Stowers, Kimberly, Hancock, Peter, Jentsch, Florian, Mouloua, Mustapha, Chen, Jessie, Barber, Daniel, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Would you trust a machine to make life-or-death decisions about your health and safety?Machines today are capable of achieving much more than they could 30 years ago(-)and thesame will be said for machines that exist 30 years from now. The rise of intelligence in machineshas resulted in humans entrusting them with ever-increasing responsibility. With this has arisenthe question of whether machines should be given equal responsibility to humans(-)or if humanswill ever perceive machines as...
Show moreWould you trust a machine to make life-or-death decisions about your health and safety?Machines today are capable of achieving much more than they could 30 years ago(-)and thesame will be said for machines that exist 30 years from now. The rise of intelligence in machineshas resulted in humans entrusting them with ever-increasing responsibility. With this has arisenthe question of whether machines should be given equal responsibility to humans(-)or if humanswill ever perceive machines as being accountable for such responsibility. For example, if anintelligent machine accidentally harms a person, should it be blamed for its mistake? Should it betrusted to continue interacting with humans? Furthermore, how does the assignment of moralblame and trustworthiness toward machines compare to such assignment to humans who harmothers? I answer these questions by exploring differences in moral blame and trustworthinessattributed to human and machine agents who make harmful moral mistakes. Additionally, Iexamine whether the knowledge and type of reason, as well as apology, for the harmful incidentaffects perceptions of the parties involved. In order to fill the gaps in understanding betweentopics in moral psychology, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, valuableinformation from each of these fields have been combined to guide the research study beingpresented herein.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0007134, ucf:52311
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007134
- Title
- Measuring Trust in Virtual Worlds: Avatar-Mediated Self-Disclosure.
- Creator
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Surprenant, Amanda, Sims, Valerie, Chin, Matthew, Rinalducci, Edward, Singer, Michael, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This study investigated the development of trust between strangers interacting via avatars in virtual worlds. The first part of the study analyzed perceived trustworthiness based on the visual appearance of avatars; the second part makes observations of two strangers self-disclosing information via avatars in a virtual world; the third part analyzed an experimental situation of two individuals interacting via avatars, where avatar appearance was changed and participants were recruited based...
Show moreThis study investigated the development of trust between strangers interacting via avatars in virtual worlds. The first part of the study analyzed perceived trustworthiness based on the visual appearance of avatars; the second part makes observations of two strangers self-disclosing information via avatars in a virtual world; the third part analyzed an experimental situation of two individuals interacting via avatars, where avatar appearance was changed and participants were recruited based on their experience with interacting with others via avatars. Findings showed that perceived trustworthiness does vary based on the visual appearance of the avatar. A positive relationship was found for self-disclosure and experience, in that those who have previously chosen to participate in a virtual world were more likely to share more detailed information about themselves. Non-significant differences in self-disclosure were found for avatar appearance; however, experience in using virtual worlds was significantly different for the willingness to share information before engaging in a task: experienced participants shared more information than inexperienced participants. This suggests that self-disclosure might be influenced by appearance at the point of formation in that the experienced are willing to overlook the avatar, and less so when there are other sources of information to base trust-behavior on (Altman (&) Taylor, 1973; Nowak (&) Rauh, 2006).Recommendations were made for modifications for similar experiments trying to validate an objective measure of trust, and for continued research in the development of trust between strangers interacting via avatars
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFE0004291, ucf:49496
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004291
- Title
- Virtual Teams and Intercultural Ethics: Preventative Measures for Ethical Dilemmas.
- Creator
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Blanton, Rebecca, Flammia, Madelyn, Jones, Daniel, Dombrowski, Paul, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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This thesis examines the ethical challenges faced by technical communicators working in global virtual teams. Virtual teams usage are becoming increasingly more popular and diverse. As a result, it is valuable for technical communicators to understand and recognize the challenges that are faced within global virtual teams in order to find solutions and preventive measures for these challenges. The ethical challenges present in global virtual teams were determined by examining the literature...
Show moreThis thesis examines the ethical challenges faced by technical communicators working in global virtual teams. Virtual teams usage are becoming increasingly more popular and diverse. As a result, it is valuable for technical communicators to understand and recognize the challenges that are faced within global virtual teams in order to find solutions and preventive measures for these challenges. The ethical challenges present in global virtual teams were determined by examining the literature on virtual teams and intercultural ethics and conducting a survey of practicing technical communicators who have experience in virtual teams. The purpose of the survey was to determine the ethical challenges that are present for technical communicators and how these issues were resolved. The survey results reveal valuable approaches to resolving and preventing ethical challenges in virtual teams. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of virtual teams and intercultural ethics and examines the ethical challenges that are faced by technical communicators. Furthermore, the thesis presents preventive measures for addressing ethical challenges. Finally, the thesis also provides suggestions for future research into the ethical challenges that are faced within global virtual teams, particularly those related to cultural differences.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2013
- Identifier
- CFE0004653, ucf:49887
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004653
- Title
- THE IMPACT OF INTRAORGANIZATIONAL TRUST AND LEARNING ORIENTED CLIMATE ON ERROR REPORTING.
- Creator
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Sims, Dana Elizabeth, Salas, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Insight into opportunities for process improvement provides a competitive advantage through increases in organizational effectiveness and innovation As a result, it is important to understand the conditions under which employees are willing to communicate this information. This study examined the relationship between trust and psychological safety on the willingness to report errors in a medical setting. Trust and psychological safety were measured at the team and leader level. In addition,...
Show moreInsight into opportunities for process improvement provides a competitive advantage through increases in organizational effectiveness and innovation As a result, it is important to understand the conditions under which employees are willing to communicate this information. This study examined the relationship between trust and psychological safety on the willingness to report errors in a medical setting. Trust and psychological safety were measured at the team and leader level. In addition, the moderating effect of a learning orientation climate at three levels of the organization (i.e., team members, team leaders, organizational) was examined on the relationship between trust and psychological safety on willingness to report errors. Traditional surveys and social network analysis were employed to test the research hypotheses. Findings indicate that team trust, when examined using traditional surveys, is not significantly associated with informally reporting errors. However, when the social networks within the team were examined, evidence that team trust is associated with informally discussing errors was found. Results also indicate that trust in leadership is associated with informally discussing errors, especially severe errors. These findings were supported and expanded to include a willingness to report all severity of errors when social network data was explored. Psychological safety, whether within the team or fostered by leadership, was not found to be associated with a willingness to informally report errors. Finally, learning orientation was not found to be a moderating variable between trust and psychological safety on a willingness to report errors. Instead, organizational learning orientation was found to have a main effect on formally reporting errors to risk management and documenting errors in patient charts. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are offered.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- Identifier
- CFE0002818, ucf:48050
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002818
- Title
- USER-IS PARTNERSHIP AND IS DEVELOPMENT SUCCESS.
- Creator
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SHIM, Jook-Ting "JT", Jiang, James J., University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Since 1970, high project failure rate and low user satisfaction has elicited research on users and their role in the process. It is believed that users' physical participation or psychological involvement in the development process can improve user satisfaction and/or system quality. Previous research treats users as a source of requirements and hypothesizes satisfaction to increase when requirements are fulfilled. However, inconsistent conclusions lead to confusion. Recently, a co...
Show moreSince 1970, high project failure rate and low user satisfaction has elicited research on users and their role in the process. It is believed that users' physical participation or psychological involvement in the development process can improve user satisfaction and/or system quality. Previous research treats users as a source of requirements and hypothesizes satisfaction to increase when requirements are fulfilled. However, inconsistent conclusions lead to confusion. Recently, a co-production concept has been proposed to understand consumer participation in product development process. In this reconceptualization, users, instead of requirement generator, should be part of the production. In this study, based on co-production concept, we view users as one knowledge source and study how knowledge can be coordinated through the co-production process. After collecting data from 97 system users, most of the hypothesized relationships have been confirmed. IS-user co-production has a positive effect on expertise coordination and, in turn, improves teamwork outcomes. The only relationship that is not significant is between "bring expertise to bear" and "creativity." Implications for practitioner and suggestion for future research are provided. Co-production was found to be a second-order construct comprised of multiple formative constructs. Higher levels of coproduction behavior were expected and were found to produce better outcomes of collaborative efforts. For future study, this relationship is expected to hold true when pairs of information systems developers and information systems users who have worked together on the same information systems development project are surveyed at the end of their projects (or just before it ends or recently thereafter).
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- CFE0002340, ucf:47790
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002340
- Title
- Trust-Based Rating Prediction and Malicious Profile Detection in Online Social Recommender Systems.
- Creator
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Davoudi, Anahita, Chatterjee, Mainak, Hu, Haiyan, Zou, Changchun, Rahnavard, Nazanin, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Online social networks and recommender systems have become an effective channel for influencing millions of users by facilitating exchange and spread of information. This dissertation addresses multiple challenges that are faced by online social recommender systems such as: i) finding the extent of information spread; ii) predicting the rating of a product; and iii) detecting malicious profiles. Most of the research in this area do not capture the social interactions and rely on empirical or...
Show moreOnline social networks and recommender systems have become an effective channel for influencing millions of users by facilitating exchange and spread of information. This dissertation addresses multiple challenges that are faced by online social recommender systems such as: i) finding the extent of information spread; ii) predicting the rating of a product; and iii) detecting malicious profiles. Most of the research in this area do not capture the social interactions and rely on empirical or statistical approaches without considering the temporal aspects. We capture the temporal spread of information using a probabilistic model and use non-linear differential equations to model the diffusion process. To predict the rating of a product, we propose a social trust model and use the matrix factorization method to estimate user's taste by incorporating user-item rating matrix. The effect of tastes of friends of a user is captured using a trust model which is based on similarities between users and their centralities. Similarity is modeled using Vector Space Similarity and Pearson Correlation Coefficient algorithms, whereas degree, eigen-vector, Katz, and PageRank are used to model centrality. As rating of a product has tremendous influence on its saleability, social recommender systems are vulnerable to profile injection attacks that affect user's opinion towards favorable or unfavorable recommendations for a product. We propose a classification approach for detecting attackers based on attributes that provide the likelihood of a user profile of that of an attacker. To evaluate the performance, we inject push and nuke attacks, and use precision and recall to identify the attackers. All proposed models have been validated using datasets from Facebook, Epinions, and Digg. Results exhibit that the proposed models are able to better predict the information spread, rating of a product, and identify malicious user profiles with high accuracy and low false positives.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFE0007168, ucf:52245
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007168
