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(1 - 9 of 9)
- Title
- MEMORY OF WORDS: A CATEGORIZATION TASK.
- Creator
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Maxim, Paulina, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Through the years, the Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm has demonstrated to be a useful method of observing false memories from semantically related word lists. The present study was conducted fully online and measured memory performance dependent on categorization of words by using groups, as well as dragging words across the page as a form of interaction. In a 2 (Categorized, Non-Categorized) x 2 (Interactive, Non-Interactive) between-subject factorial experiment, 56 undergraduate students...
Show moreThrough the years, the Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm has demonstrated to be a useful method of observing false memories from semantically related word lists. The present study was conducted fully online and measured memory performance dependent on categorization of words by using groups, as well as dragging words across the page as a form of interaction. In a 2 (Categorized, Non-Categorized) x 2 (Interactive, Non-Interactive) between-subject factorial experiment, 56 undergraduate students were shown 18 different lists of 15 associative words to be studied, one list at a time. Participants were given a free recall test immediately after studying each individual list. Participants also performed a recognition test after having studied and recalled all 18 lists, which consisted of 216 items; half of the words were presented throughout the studied lists, and the other half consisted of the 18 critical lure words as well as several other distractor items from a subset of word lists. It was hypothesized that participants in both the categorization and interaction condition would show the highest levels of accurate memory recall and recognition compared to those who were simply given a list to review. Findings did not support this hypothesis indicating no clear differences between participants who categorized (or not) or interacted with the lists (or not). High probabilities were found for words ranked as highly falsely recalled and low probabilities were found for those ranked towards the bottom, much like the findings in Stadler et al., (1999).
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000393, ucf:45903
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000393
- Title
- A COGNITIVE INVESTIGATION OF COMPUTERIZED WALK-THROUGH MODELS.
- Creator
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Carrillo, Maria, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The growth of the World Wide Web has prompted many businesses to develop electronic commerce (e-commerce) as a domain where consumers can conveniently purchase their products (Chittaro& Ranon, 2002). Marketing and Human - Computer Interaction (HCI) research has focused on the ways interactivity can improve purchasing experience. One particular technique is through the use of computer models of products known as visual object representations (Ozok& Komlodi, 2009). Research on visual product...
Show moreThe growth of the World Wide Web has prompted many businesses to develop electronic commerce (e-commerce) as a domain where consumers can conveniently purchase their products (Chittaro& Ranon, 2002). Marketing and Human - Computer Interaction (HCI) research has focused on the ways interactivity can improve purchasing experience. One particular technique is through the use of computer models of products known as visual object representations (Ozok& Komlodi, 2009). Research on visual product representations is focused on models of objects typically purchased in a store, such as clothing and electronics, which can usually be manipulated and rotated as desired (Ozok& Komlodi, 2009). There seems to be a gap in the literature regarding computer models for which consumers actually do not have an established mental models. Computerized walk-through models allow users to virtually navigate a space as well as to view a model of a living space from different orientations. An experiment was conducted on 100 participants to investigate computerized walk-through models and the role the type of model and workload plays in the amount of knowledge gained about the layout and consumer preference. Participants navigated a computerized walk-through model or a two dimensional picture set of a hotel room (low complexity) or apartment (high complexity) .Then they completed a series of surveys. Results indicate that two-dimensional models were best for learning the layout of a high complexity model and that three-dimensional models were better for learning the layout of a low complexity model. Results have implications for virtual model use in education and the military.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFH0004155, ucf:44841
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004155
- Title
- CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SEXUAL IMAGERY AND SEXUAL COGNITIONS.
- Creator
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McDonnell, Jennifer L, Wright, Chrysalis L., University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Analyzing the relationship between the visual imagery used in music videos, and the sexual cognition of viewers. Sexual cognition is the awareness of one's own sexual behavior, and its implications. The visual content of music videos was analyzed focusing only on the imagery used. The Heterosexual Script (Jhally, 2007) in particular is observed in most music videos, highlighting the sexual objectification of women and the dominant role of males. The direction of causality between the visual...
Show moreAnalyzing the relationship between the visual imagery used in music videos, and the sexual cognition of viewers. Sexual cognition is the awareness of one's own sexual behavior, and its implications. The visual content of music videos was analyzed focusing only on the imagery used. The Heterosexual Script (Jhally, 2007) in particular is observed in most music videos, highlighting the sexual objectification of women and the dominant role of males. The direction of causality between the visual imagery and sexual cognitions can only be speculated using a number of theories, namely cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957), cultivation theory (Gerbner et al., 1994), Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), Social Learning theory (Bandura, 2001; 2002), and that of semantic constructs. Significant results would suggest that music videos have the potential to alter an individual�s sexual cognitions, which may lead to riskier sexual behavior and negative views of women sexually.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2016
- Identifier
- CFH2000005, ucf:45602
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000005
- Title
- FRIEND/FOE IDENTIFICATION ACCURACY AND SHOOTING PERFORMANCE: EFFECTS OF PRIOR TASK LOADING AND TIME PRESSURE.
- Creator
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Burke, Kelly, Hancock, Peter, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The current dismounted soldier and the soldier of the future will be loaded' with more information processing tasks while they perform shooting tasks. It is conceivable that some increased level of cognitive tasking may be performed simultaneously with required shooting tasks. The effect of cognitive load on shooting performance has been previously examined (Scribner and Harper, 2001). This study concentrated on the effect of various cognitive workload demands on a friend-foe...
Show moreThe current dismounted soldier and the soldier of the future will be loaded' with more information processing tasks while they perform shooting tasks. It is conceivable that some increased level of cognitive tasking may be performed simultaneously with required shooting tasks. The effect of cognitive load on shooting performance has been previously examined (Scribner and Harper, 2001). This study concentrated on the effect of various cognitive workload demands on a friend-foe discrimination shooting task in a single- and dual-task scenario. In light of this, it is imperative that the soldier not be overburdened mentally, which may result in decreased survivability and lethality. Specifically, this study was designed to examine the ability of the soldier to perform friend-foe target discrimination and shooting accuracy, with varying target exposure times, friendly target signatures, and varying cognitive load demands (working memory recall task). Using the Small Arms Simulator Testbed (SAST) we examined the effects of manipulations of working memory load and sustained information transfer, on shooting performance (as measured by target acquisition and friend/foe discrimination indices). Additionally, we investigated subjective measures of workload and stress. A secondary task, administered aurally, was given to subjects to attend to while they performed shooting (friend/foe discrimination task) scenarios: working memory recall task. Each type of task consisted of three levels of difficulty. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for the memory recall task during shooting and non-shooting conditions. Furthermore, results showed that workload increased as a function of task demand, with associated decreases in shooting performance.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- CFE0001681, ucf:47212
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001681
- Title
- Is there a difference in learning styles of honors versus non-honors students as assessed by the GEFT?.
- Creator
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Hollister, Debra Lee, Kubala, Thomas, Education
- Abstract / Description
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University of Central Florida College of Education Thesis; The goal of this research was to find if there was a discernible difference in the preferred learning style of an honors student versus a non-honors student based on the Group Embedded Figures Test. Although many instructors use the lecture method to teach, it many not be the most productive tool for students to learn. The information from this study could be of help when an instructor is preparing to instruct a group of students in...
Show moreUniversity of Central Florida College of Education Thesis; The goal of this research was to find if there was a discernible difference in the preferred learning style of an honors student versus a non-honors student based on the Group Embedded Figures Test. Although many instructors use the lecture method to teach, it many not be the most productive tool for students to learn. The information from this study could be of help when an instructor is preparing to instruct a group of students in an honors, AP (advanced placement) or gifted class as to determine what activities would provide the best retention of material. The results of this study were analyzed to examine the variables of being an honors or non-honors student, gender, age, ethnicity, degree being pursued and being a full time or part time student. According to the Chi2 analysis, it was found that there is no one learning style that is preferred by students who take honors classes versus other students. It was also discovered that gender, age, ethnicity, degree being pursued and being either a full time or part time student did not impact preferred learning style for the students on the East Campus of Valencia Community College. Suggested use for this study would be to inform instructors and faculty that there is no one learning style preferred by the honors student. This information can not be reiterated enough to ensure that students are given many different types of opportunities to successfully accomplish their academic goals.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2001
- Identifier
- CFR0011946, ucf:53105
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0011946
- Title
- COGNITIVE THEORY: A QUALITATIVE COMPARISON OF THE GEORGE W. BUSH ADMINISTRATION AND THE BARACK H.OBAMA ADMINISTRATION.
- Creator
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Urbanovich, Shelley, David, Houghton, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Although Republicans and Democrats frequently disagree ideologically, the leaders of both parties share one commonality in particular - they inevitably make flawed judgments. To adequately understand the extent to which psychological filters act as a fundamental factor in decision making, this thesis shall analyze current political events and observe how partisans within both administrations deal with information incompatible with their own values and beliefs. Specifically referencing the war...
Show moreAlthough Republicans and Democrats frequently disagree ideologically, the leaders of both parties share one commonality in particular - they inevitably make flawed judgments. To adequately understand the extent to which psychological filters act as a fundamental factor in decision making, this thesis shall analyze current political events and observe how partisans within both administrations deal with information incompatible with their own values and beliefs. Specifically referencing the war in Iraq, weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), civil unrest, national security, the national economic climate, and the housing market, this study examines the way leaders deal differently with conflicting information. Although all subjects in the latter shall be discussed, the primary focus is directed towards weapons of mass destruction during the Bush administration and the economic climate during the Obama administration. During their presidencies, both administrations faced different circumstances and congruently possessed different ideologies in respect of how to resolve current problems. Therefore, both President Obama and Bush shall equally be observed in order to adequately compare the extent to which each succumbs to cognitive biases when faced with dissonant information. In addition, groupthink theory, schema theory, and self-justification shall be discussed as complimentary forces which impair political members' decisions. Overall, qualitatively assessing both Republican and Democratic parties in one comprehensive examination breaks the bounds of usual political science studies because both partisans are linked more by their similarities than differences.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFH0004199, ucf:44813
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004199
- Title
- PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A WORKING MEMORY SPAN TASK.
- Creator
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Alzate Vanegas, Juan M, Mouloua, Mustapha, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The intent of this thesis is to examine the psychometric properties of a complex span task (CST) developed to measure working memory capacity (WMC) using measurements obtained from a sample of 68 undergraduate students at the University of Central Florida. The Grocery List Task (GLT) promises several design improvements over traditional CSTs in a prior study about individual differences in WMC and distraction effects on driving performance, and it offers potential benefits for studying WMC as...
Show moreThe intent of this thesis is to examine the psychometric properties of a complex span task (CST) developed to measure working memory capacity (WMC) using measurements obtained from a sample of 68 undergraduate students at the University of Central Florida. The Grocery List Task (GLT) promises several design improvements over traditional CSTs in a prior study about individual differences in WMC and distraction effects on driving performance, and it offers potential benefits for studying WMC as well as the serial-position effect. Currently, the working memory system is composed of domain-general memorial storage processes and information-processing, which involves the use of executive functions. Prior research has found WMC to be associated with attentional measures (i.e., executive attention) and the updating function, and unrelated to the shifting function. The present study replicates these relationships to other latent variables in measures obtained from the GLT as convergent and discriminant evidence of validity. In addition, GLT measures correlate strongly with established measures of WMC. Task reliability is assessed by estimates of internal consistency, pairwise comparisons with a cross-validation sample, and an analysis of demographic effects on task measurements.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2018
- Identifier
- CFH2000358, ucf:45857
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000358
- Title
- TRAIT AROUSABILITYAND ITS IMPACT ON ADAPTIVE MULTIMEDIA TRAINING.
- Creator
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Schatz, Sae, Bowers, Clint, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Today's best intelligent, adaptive, multimedia trainers have shown excellent performance; however, their results still fall far-short of what good human tutors can achieve. The overarching thesis of this paper is that future intelligent, adaptive systems will be improved by taking into account relevant, consistent, and meaningful individual differences. Specifically, responding to individual differences among trainees will (a) form more accurate individual baselines within a training...
Show moreToday's best intelligent, adaptive, multimedia trainers have shown excellent performance; however, their results still fall far-short of what good human tutors can achieve. The overarching thesis of this paper is that future intelligent, adaptive systems will be improved by taking into account relevant, consistent, and meaningful individual differences. Specifically, responding to individual differences among trainees will (a) form more accurate individual baselines within a training system, and (b) better inform system responses (so that they interpret and respond to observable data more appropriately). One variable to consider is trait arousability, which describes individual differences in sensitivity to stimuli. Individuals' arousability interacts with the arousal inherent to a task/environment to create a person's arousal state. An individual's arousal state affects his/her attentional capacity, working memory function, and depth of processing. In this paper, two studies are presented. The purpose of the first study was to evaluate existing subjective measures of trait arousability and then develop a new measure by factor analyzing existing apparatus. From this well-populated (N = 622) study, a new reliable (α = .91) 35-item scale was developed. This scale includes two factors, negative emotionality and orienting sensitivity, which have been previously theorized but not yet so reliably measured. The purposes of the second study were to (a) validate the measure developed in the first investigation and (b) demonstrate the applied value of the arousability construct in the context of training. Results from the second study (N=45) demonstrated significant main effects, but the interaction effects were inconclusive. They neither clearly confirm nor invalidate the hypotheses, but they do raise further questions.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- CFE0002351, ucf:47815
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002351
- Title
- Physiological Reactions to Uncanny Stimuli: Substantiation of Self-Assessment and Individual Perception in User Enjoyment and Comfort.
- Creator
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Ballion, Tatiana, Sims, Valerie, Chin, Matthew, Jones, Donald, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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There is abundant anecdotal evidence substantiating Mori's initial observation of the "uncanny valley", a point at which human response to non-human entities drops sharply with respect to comfort (Mori, 1970), and the construct itself has a long-standing history in both Robotics and Psychology. Currently, many fields such as design, training, entertainment, and education make use of heuristic approaches to accommodate the anticipated needs of the user/consumer/audience in certain important...
Show moreThere is abundant anecdotal evidence substantiating Mori's initial observation of the "uncanny valley", a point at which human response to non-human entities drops sharply with respect to comfort (Mori, 1970), and the construct itself has a long-standing history in both Robotics and Psychology. Currently, many fields such as design, training, entertainment, and education make use of heuristic approaches to accommodate the anticipated needs of the user/consumer/audience in certain important aspects. This is due to the lack of empirical substantiation or, in some cases, the impossibility of rigorous quantification; one such area is with respect to the user's experience of uncanniness, a feeling of "eeriness" or "wrongness" when interacting with artefacts or environments. Uncanniness, however, continues to be defined and measured in a largely subjective way, and often after the fact; an experience or product's uncanny features are pointed out after the item has been markedly avoided or complained about by the general public. These studies are among the first seeking to determine a constellation of personality traits and physiological responses that incline the user to have a more frequent or profound (")uncanny" reaction when presented with stimuli meeting the criteria for a level of "eeriness". In study 1, 395 adults were asked to categorize 200 images as uncanny, neutral, pleasant, or other. In Study 2, physiological and eye-tracking data was collected from twenty two adults as they viewed uncanny, neutral and pleasant images culled from study 1. This research identifies components of the uncanny valley related to subjective assessment, personality factors (using the HEXACO and Anthropomorphic Tendencies Scale), and biophysical measures, and found that traits unique to Emotionality on the HEXACO inventory, compounded with a form of anthropomorphism demonstrates a level of relationship to the subjective experience of uncanny stimuli. There is evidence that HEXACO type and forms of anthropomorphic perception mediates the biophysical expression and the subjective perception of the stimuli. In keeping with psychological hypotheses, stimuli to which the participants had greatest response centered on death, the threat of death, or mismatched/absent facial features.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2012
- Identifier
- CFE0004354, ucf:49454
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004354
