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The Female Human Trafficker in the Criminal Justice System: A Test of the Chivalry Hypothesis
Title
The Female Human Trafficker in the Criminal Justice System: A Test of the Chivalry Hypothesis.
Creator
Francis, Brielle, Huff-Corzine, Lin, Corzine, Harold, Pritchard, Adam, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The involvement of women in human trafficking within the United States has received limited research attention. Human trafficking encompasses labor, sex, and organ trafficking (Roberts, 2012). In 2009 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reported that women play a significant role in human trafficking. Nagel and Johnson (1994) conclude that, historically, female offenders have stayed at the edge of the criminal justice system. Generally, theories about prosecution and...
Show moreThe involvement of women in human trafficking within the United States has received limited research attention. Human trafficking encompasses labor, sex, and organ trafficking (Roberts, 2012). In 2009 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reported that women play a significant role in human trafficking. Nagel and Johnson (1994) conclude that, historically, female offenders have stayed at the edge of the criminal justice system. Generally, theories about prosecution and conviction outcomes derive from the study of male offenders. Women can be involved in all aspects of the human trafficking organizations, from the recruitment, to the supervision of prostitutes and to the finances. Pulling from the chivalry theory framework, this study used data sourced from the FBI on human trafficking offenders and their sentencing outcomes to compare the discrepancies between men and women. The current research adds to the existing literature by examining the gender discrepancy on human trafficking case outcomes. The analysis measures how gender influences court-related decisions.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006302, ucf:51591
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006302
CONCEPTIONS ABOUT TERRORISM: HOW FEARFUL ARE WE AND HOW DOES THAT AFFECT US?
Title
CONCEPTIONS ABOUT TERRORISM: HOW FEARFUL ARE WE AND HOW DOES THAT AFFECT US?.
Creator
Jackson, Rebecca, Donley, Amy, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Since the crusades, terrorism has been a form of violence used to promote some kind of agenda, whether political, social, religious or ideological (Martin 2018). With many different definitions of what constitutes terrorism, it is somewhat difficult to measure what exact impact terrorism has had globally. Attacks such as those on 9/11 in the United States and the Manchester bombings have been accepted worldwide as examples of acts of international terrorism. International terrorist attacks...
Show moreSince the crusades, terrorism has been a form of violence used to promote some kind of agenda, whether political, social, religious or ideological (Martin 2018). With many different definitions of what constitutes terrorism, it is somewhat difficult to measure what exact impact terrorism has had globally. Attacks such as those on 9/11 in the United States and the Manchester bombings have been accepted worldwide as examples of acts of international terrorism. International terrorist attacks have lasting effects on both those directly affected as well as the larger community and beyond. Studies have shown that Americans are overly afraid of terrorism given their risk and want to put a complete and 'final' end to terrorism (Friedman 2011; Mueller 2005). Additionally, media outlets and politicians speak of threats and demand action which spreads fear and perceived risk (Bloch-Elkon 2011; Nellis and Savage 2012). This study seeks to contribute to the previous literature on people's fears regarding terrorism and how their emotions affect the desires to have action done regarding terrorist attacks. The current research uses a sample of 302 people to compare the levels of fear and the likelihood to want more action taken towards terrorism. The results from the statistical analysis show that fears and desire to seek action are shaped by many different variables. Gender was found to be the biggest predictor of higher levels of fear and political affiliation was determined to be the strongest predictor for desire to seek action.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFH2000496, ucf:45628
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000496
THE C.S.I. EFFECT: EXPLORATION OF ITS INFLUENCE ON PERCEPTION OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
Title
THE C.S.I. EFFECT: EXPLORATION OF ITS INFLUENCE ON PERCEPTION OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.
Creator
McConnell, Alexandra, Mottarella, Karen, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This study explores the C.S.I. effect in relation to its influence on criminal activity. Expansive research exists concerning the C.S.I. Effect, but very little pertains to the influence it has on individuals' perception of crime and their ability to get away with it. The study explores whether heavy viewers of crime show dramas such as Law & Order and C.S.I. display increased confidence in their ability to commit and get away with a crime. Essentially, this study explores whether these crime...
Show moreThis study explores the C.S.I. effect in relation to its influence on criminal activity. Expansive research exists concerning the C.S.I. Effect, but very little pertains to the influence it has on individuals' perception of crime and their ability to get away with it. The study explores whether heavy viewers of crime show dramas such as Law & Order and C.S.I. display increased confidence in their ability to commit and get away with a crime. Essentially, this study explores whether these crime television shows are not only entertainment, but also may serve as guides on how to commit crimes. Participants in the study were University of Central Florida students. Participants read a description of a crime scene, and provided judgments from the criminal's point of view. They also completed the Crime Drama Viewing Questionnaire and the Levenson Psychopathy Scale in order to explore the possible correlation between reported confidence in "getting away" with criminal activity, type of television viewing, and psychopathy in participants. Using a correlational design, the relation between heavy and light crime drama viewing and criminal activity decision making was examined.The results of this study add to knowledge about how television crime drama potentially increases criminal confidence and competency in criminal behavior.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
CFH0004723, ucf:45341
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004723
WHAT MAKES THEM CLICK? APPLYING THE RATIONAL CHOICE PERSPECTIVE TO THE HACKING UNDERGROUND
Title
WHAT MAKES THEM CLICK? APPLYING THE RATIONAL CHOICE PERSPECTIVE TO THE HACKING UNDERGROUND.
Creator
Bachmann, Michael, Corzine, Jay, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The increasing dependence of modern societies, industries, and individuals on information technology and computer networks renders them ever more vulnerable to attacks on critical IT infrastructures. While the societal threat posed by hackers and other types of cyber-criminals has been growing significantly in the last decade, main-stream criminology has only recently begun to realize the significance of this threat. Cyber-criminology is slowly emerging as a subfield of criminological study...
Show moreThe increasing dependence of modern societies, industries, and individuals on information technology and computer networks renders them ever more vulnerable to attacks on critical IT infrastructures. While the societal threat posed by hackers and other types of cyber-criminals has been growing significantly in the last decade, main-stream criminology has only recently begun to realize the significance of this threat. Cyber-criminology is slowly emerging as a subfield of criminological study and has yet to overcome many of the problems other areas of criminological research have already mastered. Aside from substantial methodological and theoretical problems, cyber-criminology currently also suffers from the scarcity of available data. As a result, scientific answers to crucial questions, such as who exactly the attackers are and why they engage in hacking activities, remain largely fragmentary. The present study begins to fill this remaining gap in the literature. It examines survey data about hackers, their involvement in hacking, their motivations to hack, and their hacking careers. The data for this study was collected during a large hacking convention in Washington D.C. in February 2008. The theoretical framework guiding the analyses is the rational choice perspective (Clarke & Cornish, 1985). Several hypotheses about hackers are derived from the theory and some of its models are transposed into the context of hackers. Results suggest that the rational choice perspective is a viable theory when applied to cyber-criminals. Findings also demonstrate that the creation of more effective countermeasures requires adjustments to our understanding of who hackers really are and why they hack.
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Date Issued
2008
Identifier
CFE0002258, ucf:47839
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002258