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SUPERVISION EXPERIENCE AND EGO DEVELOPMENT OF COUNSELING INTERNS' SITE SUPERVISORS AND SUPERVISEES' LEVEL OF EGO DEVELOPMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS
Title
SUPERVISION EXPERIENCE AND EGO DEVELOPMENT OF COUNSELING INTERNS' SITE SUPERVISORS AND SUPERVISEES' LEVEL OF EGO DEVELOPMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS.
Creator
Walter, Sara, Lambie, Glenn, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The primary purposes of this study were (a) to investigate the relationship between counseling interns' site supervisors' experience and training in supervision and their own levels of ego development and (b) to investigate the relationship between supervisors' levels of ego development and the ego functioning and occupational stress of their intern-supervisees. The theoretical framework for this investigation included cognitive developmental models of supervision (e.g., Blocher,...
Show moreThe primary purposes of this study were (a) to investigate the relationship between counseling interns' site supervisors' experience and training in supervision and their own levels of ego development and (b) to investigate the relationship between supervisors' levels of ego development and the ego functioning and occupational stress of their intern-supervisees. The theoretical framework for this investigation included cognitive developmental models of supervision (e.g., Blocher, 1983; Stoltenberg, 1981), ego development (Loevinger, 1976, 1997) and the Person-Environment Fit theory of occupational stress (French, Rogers, & Cobb, 1974). The findings of this study contribute to an understanding of (a) the levels of ego development and post-degree clinical supervision experiences of internship site supervisors in different areas of counseling specialty; (b) the relationship between social-cognitive developmental levels and levels of perceived occupational stress in counseling interns; and (c) cognitive development theory and counseling supervision. Ninety-six counseling internship students in three master's level counseling programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation for Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) in Central Florida as well as 58 (73% response rate) of their internship site supervisors participated in the study. The site supervisors completed the Supervisors Experience Questionnaire (Walter, 2008) and the Washington University Sentence Completion Test--Form 81 (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger, 1996). The participating counseling internship students completed a demographics questionnaire, the WUSCT--Form 81, and the Occupational Stress Inventory – Revised (OSI-R; Osipow, 1998). The statistical procedures used to analyze the data included chi-square, ANOVA, simultaneous multiple regression, and MANOVA procedures. The primary research hypotheses for the study were (1) that formal training in supervision and participation in post-graduate clinical supervision would predict supervisor ego development and (2) that supervisor ego development would predict supervisee ego development and occupational stress levels; these were not supported for these data. However, the results identified statistically significant relationships between supervisor participation in post-graduate clinical supervision and area of counseling specialty, with school counselor supervisors less likely to have participated in supervision than other supervisors. Additionally, the findings identified a negative correlation between interns' levels of perceived occupational stress and their ego development levels (14.6% of the variance explained), as well as a negative correlation between interns' levels of satisfaction with their internship site supervision and their levels of occupational stress (40% of the variance explained). The data from this investigation suggested that school counseling interns experienced higher levels of occupational stress due to occupational roles and lower levels of personal resources than interns in other counseling tracks, with the track accounting for 25.6% of the variance in the occupational stress levels. Implications for counseling supervisors and counselor educators are presented, along with areas for future investigation.
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Date Issued
2009
Identifier
CFE0002540, ucf:47664
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002540
PREDICTING CLIENT OUTCOMES USING COUNSELOR TRAINEE LEVELS OF EGO DEVELOPMENT AND ALTRUISTIC CARING
Title
PREDICTING CLIENT OUTCOMES USING COUNSELOR TRAINEE LEVELS OF EGO DEVELOPMENT AND ALTRUISTIC CARING.
Creator
Hutchinson, Tracy, Young, Mark, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Research suggests that counselor educators continue to debate whether general personality characteristics, relationship building skills, or other knowledge or skills are important in selecting the most effective counselors (Crews et al., 2005). Further, counselor educators continue to rely on measures that have limited ability to predict counseling competence or success in graduate programs. Such measures include GRE and GPA scores along with heavy reliance on the personal interview that is...
Show moreResearch suggests that counselor educators continue to debate whether general personality characteristics, relationship building skills, or other knowledge or skills are important in selecting the most effective counselors (Crews et al., 2005). Further, counselor educators continue to rely on measures that have limited ability to predict counseling competence or success in graduate programs. Such measures include GRE and GPA scores along with heavy reliance on the personal interview that is well-known for bias. Moreover, research supports that there is a need for assessments that will assist in determining the most effective counselors and emphasize the importance of measuring those characteristics that have a solid empirical link to client outcomes. The purpose of this study was to bridge the gap in the literature and to measure counselor characteristics that have are grounded in current outcome literature. Outcome research has suggested that counselor empathy is one of the strongest predictors of client outcome. Therefore, two constructs were explored in this study that are linked to empathy: Loevinger's (1976) Theory of Ego Development and Altruistic Caring as measured by the Heintzelman Inventory (Robinson, Kuch, & Swank, 2010). The sample consisted of 81 graduate-level counselor trainees in their first or second semester of practicum at a large South Eastern university. Results revealed no statistically significant relationship between variables. However, further exploratory analysis yielded a statistically significant relationship between a component of altruistic caring, specifically early career choice in the counseling field (4.1% of the variance explained), and client outcome. Implications for counselor educators are presented along with areas for future research.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0003588, ucf:48907
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003588
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL COUNSELORS' SOCIAL-COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT TO THEIR LEVELS OF ETHICAL AND LEGAL KNOWLEDGE, AND LOCUS-OF-CONTROL ORIENTATION
Title
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL COUNSELORS' SOCIAL-COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT TO THEIR LEVELS OF ETHICAL AND LEGAL KNOWLEDGE, AND LOCUS-OF-CONTROL ORIENTATION.
Creator
Ieva, Kara, Lambie, Glenn, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Professional School Counselors (PSCs) are to serve as advocates for all students and promote systemic change (American School Counselor Association, 2008) while navigating complex work environments. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of PSCsÂ...
Show moreProfessional School Counselors (PSCs) are to serve as advocates for all students and promote systemic change (American School Counselor Association, 2008) while navigating complex work environments. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of PSCsÂÂÂÂÂÂ' social-cognitive development to their levels of ethical and legal knowledge and locus of control orientation. The three constructs and instruments investigated in this study were: (a) social-cognitive development (ego development; the Washington University Sentence Completion Test ; Hy & Loevinger 1996), (b) Ethical and Legal Knowledge (the Ethical and Legal Knowledge in Counseling Questionnaire-Revised ; Lambie, Ieva, Gill, & Hagedorn, 2010), and (c) Locus of Control (the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal External Scale- College ; Nowicki & Duke, 1974; the Work Locus of Control Scale ; Spector, 1988). The findings from this investigation contribute to the school counseling and counselor education literature. The sample size for this study was 301 certified, practicing school counselors (elementary school, middle school, high school, and multi-level) in five states (Colorado, Florida, Maine, Maryland, and New Mexico) across the country. The participants completed data collection packets including a general demographic questionnaire, the WUSCT (Hy & Loevinger 1996), the ANSIE-C (Nowicki & Duke, 1974), the WLCS (Spector, 1988), and the ELICQ-R (Lambie, et al., 2010). The statistical procedures used to analyze the data included (a) structural equation modeling (path Analysis), (b) simultaneous multiple regression, (c) Pearson product-moment (2-tailed), and (d) Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The primary research hypothesis was that practicing school counselorsÂÂÂÂÂÂ' social-cognitive development scores would contribute to their locus of control orientation and their levels of ethical and legal knowledge. The statistical analyses identified several significant findings. First, the path analysis model testing the contribution of school counselorsÂÂÂÂÂÂ' social-cognitive development to locus of control and ethical and legal knowledge did fit for these data. Specifically, the results indicated that school counselorsÂÂÂÂÂÂ' social-cognitive development contributed to their ethical and legal knowledge (less than 1% of the variance explained) and to locus of control (14% of the variance explained) in the model fit for these data. In addition, locus of control contributed to school counselorsÂÂÂÂÂÂ' ethical and legal knowledge (2% of the variance explained). Implications for professional school counseling and counselor education are presented, along with areas for future investigation.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003150, ucf:48642
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003150