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THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF BURNOUT IN NURSING ERRORS
Title
THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF BURNOUT IN NURSING ERRORS.
Creator
Hoskins, Kelley, Heglund, Stephen, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Nurse burnout and the commission of errors are two seemingly unrelated phenomena in the health care arena. Burnout was first described by Herbert J. Freudenberger in 1974 and has since been studied in many industries, including nursing. The issue of errors in health care has been a growing concern since the Institute of Medicine published the report, To Err is Human in 1999. Little research has been done to link burnout and the commission of errors. A literature review was performed to...
Show moreNurse burnout and the commission of errors are two seemingly unrelated phenomena in the health care arena. Burnout was first described by Herbert J. Freudenberger in 1974 and has since been studied in many industries, including nursing. The issue of errors in health care has been a growing concern since the Institute of Medicine published the report, To Err is Human in 1999. Little research has been done to link burnout and the commission of errors. A literature review was performed to investigate these two issues. Peer-reviewed research articles were analyzed for contributing factors and effects on patient outcomes. The findings of the literature suggest that burnout and the commission of errors have many similar contributing factors, particularly in regards to work environment conditions. The conclusion from this literature review is that more research should be done to correlate burnout and error commission and that efforts should be made to improve the work environment of nurses.
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Date Issued
2013
Identifier
CFH0004367, ucf:45017
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004367
Examining the Impact of Error Encouragement on Training Outcomes
Title
Examining the Impact of Error Encouragement on Training Outcomes.
Creator
Lyons, Rebecca, Salas, Eduardo, Jentsch, Florian, Joseph, Dana, Cendan, Juan, Burke, Shawn, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Error management training has been praised as an effective strategy for facilitating adaptive transfer. However, potential variations have not yet been examined to determine if an alternative format may be equally or more effective. As standard practice, error-related instructions in error management training encourage learners to make errors and to view these errors as learning opportunities. Also, an overwhelming majority of research on this topic has focused learner development of...
Show moreError management training has been praised as an effective strategy for facilitating adaptive transfer. However, potential variations have not yet been examined to determine if an alternative format may be equally or more effective. As standard practice, error-related instructions in error management training encourage learners to make errors and to view these errors as learning opportunities. Also, an overwhelming majority of research on this topic has focused learner development of procedural computer software skills. The empirical literature provides little guidance in terms of the boundaries within which error management training is an effective training approach. The purpose of this research was to examine the relative effectiveness of a modified error management training approach for influencing adaptive transfer in contrast to both standard error management training and error avoidant training. The modified error management approach encouraged learners to do their best to avoid errors, but maintained traditional instructions to learn from errors. The effectiveness of these three training conditions for promoting adaptive transfer was examined in two studies. The first study applied the error strategies to a complex decision-making task, and the second study compared the strategies relative effectiveness for a fine motor skills task. Study 1 results indicated that both error management training approaches were associated with higher adaptive learning compared to an error avoidant training approach. Error management and the modified error management did not significantly differ. In Study 2, error management training and error avoidant training both demonstrated greater adaptive transfer than did the modified approach. The mediating roles of metacognition and emotion regulation were examined, but unsupported, in both studies. Implications for future research and organizational practice are discussed.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
CFE0005372, ucf:50444
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005372
DATA ENTRY ERROR IN MOBILE KEYBOARD DEVICE USAGE SUBJECT TO COGNITIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND COMMUNICATION WORKLOAD STRESSORS PRESENT IN FULLY ACTIVATED EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS
Title
DATA ENTRY ERROR IN MOBILE KEYBOARD DEVICE USAGE SUBJECT TO COGNITIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND COMMUNICATION WORKLOAD STRESSORS PRESENT IN FULLY ACTIVATED EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTERS.
Creator
Durrani, Samiullah, Bush, Pamela, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The diversity and dynamic nature of disaster management environments necessitate the use of convenient, yet reliable, tools for technology. While there have been many improvements in mitigating the effects of disasters, it is clearly evident by recent events, such as Hurricane Katrina that issues related to emergency response and management require considerable research and improvement to effectively respond to these situations. One of the links in a disaster management chain is the Emergency...
Show moreThe diversity and dynamic nature of disaster management environments necessitate the use of convenient, yet reliable, tools for technology. While there have been many improvements in mitigating the effects of disasters, it is clearly evident by recent events, such as Hurricane Katrina that issues related to emergency response and management require considerable research and improvement to effectively respond to these situations. One of the links in a disaster management chain is the Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The EOC is a physical command center responsible for the overall strategic control of the disaster response and functions as an information and communication hub. The effectiveness and accuracy of the disaster response greatly depends on the quality and timeliness of inter-personnel communication within an EOC. The advent of handheld mobile communication devices have introduced new avenues of communication that been widely adopted by disaster management officials. The portability afforded by these devices allows users to exchange, manage and access vital information during critical situations. While their use and importance is gaining momentum, little is still known about the ergonomic and human reliability implications of human-handheld interaction, particularly in an Emergency Operations Center setting. The purpose of this effort is to establish basic human error probabilities (bHEP's) for handheld QWERTY data entry and to study the effects of various performance shaping factors, specifically, environmental conditions, communication load, and cognitive load. The factors selected are designed to simulate the conditions prevalent in an Emergency Operations Center. The objectives are accomplished through a three-factor between-subjects randomized full factorial experiment in which a bHEP value of 0.0296 is found. It is also determined that a combination of cognitive loading and environmental conditions has a statistically significant detrimental impact on the HEP.
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Date Issued
2009
Identifier
CFE0002828, ucf:48059
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002828
An Event-Related Potential Investigation of Error Monitoring in Adults with a History of Psychosis
Title
An Event-Related Potential Investigation of Error Monitoring in Adults with a History of Psychosis.
Creator
Chan, Chi, Bedwell, Jeffrey, Cassisi, Jeffrey, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Metacognition, which involves monitoring and controlling of one's thoughts and actions, is essential for guiding behavior and organization of information. Deficits in self-monitoring have been suggested to lead to psychosis and poor functional outcome. Abnormalities in event-related potentials originating from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region associated with error detection, have been consistently reported in individuals with schizophrenia during error monitoring tasks....
Show moreMetacognition, which involves monitoring and controlling of one's thoughts and actions, is essential for guiding behavior and organization of information. Deficits in self-monitoring have been suggested to lead to psychosis and poor functional outcome. Abnormalities in event-related potentials originating from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region associated with error detection, have been consistently reported in individuals with schizophrenia during error monitoring tasks. This study sought to examine whether these abnormalities are present in individuals with a history of psychosis across diagnostic categories and whether they are associated with subjective appraisal of self-performance and personality traits related to psychosis. The error-related negativity (ERN), the correct response negativity (CRN), and the error positivity (Pe) were recorded in 15 individuals with a history of psychosis (PSY) and 12 individuals without a history of psychosis (CTR) during performance on a flanker task. Participants also continuously rated their performance on the task and completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (-) Brief Revised (SPQ-BR). Compared with the CTR group, the PSY group exhibited reduced ERN and Pe amplitudes during error trials, but normal CRN and Pe amplitudes during correct trials. The PSY group also was less accurate at identifying their errors than the CTR group but just as accurate at identifying correct responses. Across all participants, smaller ERN amplitudes were associated with greater scores on the Disorganized factor of the SPQ-BR and smaller Pe amplitudes were associated with greater scores on the Cognitive Perceptual factor of the SPQ-BR. Individuals with a history of psychosis regardless of diagnosis demonstrated abnormal neural activity during error monitoring. Error monitoring deficits may be associated with vulnerability for psychosis across disorders.
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Date Issued
2013
Identifier
CFE0005312, ucf:50506
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005312
A Root Cause Analysis of the Barriers to Transparency among Physicians: A Systemic Perspective
Title
A Root Cause Analysis of the Barriers to Transparency among Physicians: A Systemic Perspective.
Creator
Perez, Bianca, Liberman, Aaron, Oetjen, Dawn, Wan, Thomas, Abel, Eileen, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Transparency in healthcare relates to formally reporting medical errors and disclosing bad outcomes to patients and families. Unfortunately, most physicians are not in the habit of communicating transparently, as many studies have shown the existence of a large medical error information gap. Research also shows that creating a culture of transparency would mutually support patient safety and risk management goals by concomitantly reducing medical errors and alleviating the malpractice crisis....
Show moreTransparency in healthcare relates to formally reporting medical errors and disclosing bad outcomes to patients and families. Unfortunately, most physicians are not in the habit of communicating transparently, as many studies have shown the existence of a large medical error information gap. Research also shows that creating a culture of transparency would mutually support patient safety and risk management goals by concomitantly reducing medical errors and alleviating the malpractice crisis. Three predictor variables are used to represent the various dimensions of the context just described. Perfectionism represents the intrapersonal domain, socio-organizational climate represents the interpersonal and institutional domains, and medico-legal environment represents the societal domain. Chin and Benne's normative re-educative strategy provides theoretical support for the notion that successful organizational change hinges upon addressing the structural and cultural barriers displayed by individuals and groups.The Physician Transparency Questionnaire was completed by 270 physicians who were drawn from a multi-site healthcare organization in Central Florida. Structural equation modeling was used to determine whether perfectionism, socio-organizational climate, and medico-legal environment significantly predict two transparency outcomes, namely, error reporting transparency and provider-patient transparency. Perfectionism and socio-organizational climate were found to be statistically significant predictors. Collectively, these variables accounted for nearly half of the variance in each transparency outcome. Within socio-organizational climate, policies had the greatest influence on transparency, followed by immunity and professional norms. Multiple group analysis showed that the covariance model developed in this study generalizes across gender, medical specialty, and occupation. In addition, group means comparisons tests revealed a number of interesting trends in error reporting and disclosure practices that provide insights about the behavioral and cognitive psychology behind transparent communication: 1) Physicians are more inclined to engage in provider-patient transparency compared to error reporting transparency, 2) physicians are more inclined to report serious errors compared to less serious errors, and 3) physicians are more inclined to express sympathy for bad outcomes than they are to apologize for a preventable error or be honest about the details surrounding bad outcomes. These results suggest that change efforts would need to be directed at medical education curricula and health provider organizations to ensure that current and future generations of physicians replace the pursuit for perfectionism with the pursuit for excellence. Also, a number of institutional changes are recommended, such as clearly communicating transparency policies and guidelines, promoting professional norms that encourage learning from mistakes rather than an aversion to error, and reassuring physicians that reporting and disclosure activities will not compromise their reputation. From the perspective of patient safety advocates and risk managers, the results are heartening because they emphasize a key principle in quality improvement - i.e., small changes can yield big results. From an ethical standpoint, this research suggests that healthcare organizations can inhibit (or facilitate) the emergence of professional virtues. Thus, although organizations cannot make a physician become virtuous, it is within their power to create conditions that encourage the physician to practice certain virtues. With respect to leadership styles, this research finds that bottom-up, grassroots change efforts can elicit professional virtues, and that culture change in healthcare lies beyond the scope of the medico-legal system.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0004153, ucf:49083
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004153
Identifying the Most Common Errors in Saudi University Students' Writing: Does the Prompt Matter?
Title
Identifying the Most Common Errors in Saudi University Students' Writing: Does the Prompt Matter?.
Creator
Barzanji, Amal, Mihai, Florin, Folse, Keith, Purmensky, Kerry, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The purpose of this study was to investigate the most common writing errors made by undergraduate Saudi students with special focus on the five most common errors. The study also examined whether the type of prompt has an effect on the frequency of these errors. 58 English major students participated in this study, and each student wrote two timed essays. The first one was persuasive and the second one was compare and contrast. In order to analyze the data, the researcher used an error...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the most common writing errors made by undergraduate Saudi students with special focus on the five most common errors. The study also examined whether the type of prompt has an effect on the frequency of these errors. 58 English major students participated in this study, and each student wrote two timed essays. The first one was persuasive and the second one was compare and contrast. In order to analyze the data, the researcher used an error inventory developed by Bushong and Mihai (2012) based on Ferris (2002), which categorized ten types of errors. However, five other errors were added to this category later, which resulted in a combination of fifteen types of errors. The findings revealed that missing/unnecessary word was the most frequent type of error (17.86%), followed by spelling errors (15.66%), wrong choice (14.00%), article (7.68%), wrong noun form (6.68%). In addition, the results showed that the type of prompt had no effect on the number of errors. However, it had an influence on the frequency and types of errors, which was manifested in the differences between the last two categories of the five most common errors found in prompts A and B.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006071, ucf:50957
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006071
Classroom Error Climate: Teacher Professional Development to Improve Student Motivation
Title
Classroom Error Climate: Teacher Professional Development to Improve Student Motivation.
Creator
O'Dell, Sean, Gill, Michele, Cox, Dr. Thomas, Hoffman, Bobby, Flanigan, Jacquelyn, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Student motivation and achievement are often low for students from low socioeconomic status households and may decline when children from all walks of life enter middle school. Despite years of studies describing these declines and efforts to improve learning outcomes, the trends continue. Motivation has been studied from several theoretical standpoints, among them, self-efficacy, beliefs, goal orientations, and emotions. This dissertation introduces error orientation: how teachers and...
Show moreStudent motivation and achievement are often low for students from low socioeconomic status households and may decline when children from all walks of life enter middle school. Despite years of studies describing these declines and efforts to improve learning outcomes, the trends continue. Motivation has been studied from several theoretical standpoints, among them, self-efficacy, beliefs, goal orientations, and emotions. This dissertation introduces error orientation: how teachers and students react to and use errors in the classroom. A positive error orientation, one that views errors as opportunities to learn rather than punishments, may help improve students' emotions, self-efficacy, and future goal orientations, while aligning their beliefs in a more adaptive direction, thus reducing maladaptive academic motivation. A professional development design is proposed here to train teachers in using errors to the advantage of the learner by creating a positive error climate in their classrooms.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005856, ucf:50917
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005856
An examination of beta diversity indices and their predictors in two large-scale systems
Title
An examination of beta diversity indices and their predictors in two large-scale systems.
Creator
Schroeder, Philip, Jenkins, David, King, Joshua, Fedorka, Kenneth, Myers, Jonathan, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Biodiversity is what conservation biology was developed to conserve. It is the physical manifestation of life as a concept and, be it for practical or idealistic reasons, all conservationists seek to protect or, in some cases, enhance it. Because of its monolithic importance to the field, much effort has been expended trying to better measure and understand it. Recently, greater attention has been paid to the partition of diversity; the observation that the total diversity of a system (?) can...
Show moreBiodiversity is what conservation biology was developed to conserve. It is the physical manifestation of life as a concept and, be it for practical or idealistic reasons, all conservationists seek to protect or, in some cases, enhance it. Because of its monolithic importance to the field, much effort has been expended trying to better measure and understand it. Recently, greater attention has been paid to the partition of diversity; the observation that the total diversity of a system (?) can be broken down into within-site diversity (?) and between-site diversity (?). In particular, it has been noticed that the ? component of diversity is not as well studied or understood as the ? component. In this study I attempt to address this shortfall, by examining two questions: (1) how is ? is best measured and (2) what drives ?? To answer the first question, I look to find the measure of ? that is most robust to sampling error. While many ? indices have been proposed, few have considered how our methods of data gathering might affect those indices. Datasets collected from the real world will all likely have some sort of error within them as a result of the way they were sampled. Those errors will affect some indices more than others, and the indices that are least affected will be the most reliable for actual data. Once robust indices were identified, I used them to identify possible predictors of ? in two large, national datasets. The first dataset was the National Lakes Assessment created by the USEPA, in which diatoms were sampled from over 1000 lakes across the country. The second was the eBird dataset from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, which used citizen science to generate a continuous dataset spanning both the last decade and the boundaries of the conterminous United States. ? calculated from these sources was regressed against relevant environmental variables to create a clearer understanding of the effects of the environment on the ? of two very different ecological systems.
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Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007367, ucf:52088
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007367
RISK OF MEDICATION ERRORS IN THE HOME: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Title
RISK OF MEDICATION ERRORS IN THE HOME: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW.
Creator
Crescenzi, Maria M, Bushy, Angeline, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Regardless of the setting, medication errors are of great concern when associated with an individual's health outcomes, along with the increased costs to society, healthcare institutions, and providers. Current research focuses on medication error data primarily in acute and extended care facilities. However, there is a paucity of research examining the causes of medication errors that occur post hospital discharge when individuals transition to the home. The purpose of this integrative...
Show moreRegardless of the setting, medication errors are of great concern when associated with an individual's health outcomes, along with the increased costs to society, healthcare institutions, and providers. Current research focuses on medication error data primarily in acute and extended care facilities. However, there is a paucity of research examining the causes of medication errors that occur post hospital discharge when individuals transition to the home. The purpose of this integrative literature review is to examine risk factors for medication errors outside of these settings, specifically in the home. A systematic literature search was conducted using multiple databases for relevant articles in the English language between 2006 to 2017, including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Search terms included 'medication errors', 'home care', 'post-discharge', 'hospital readmission', and 'medication error risks in the home'. Exclusion criteria included medication errors in acute and extended care settings. The integrative review involved reading, analyzing and selecting articles, and summarizing on a matrix. Findings on occurrences of medication errors in the home included impaired client mental status, confusion related to medication names, limited understanding of medication purpose in the care plan and its side effects, level of health literacy, and client-provider miscommunication in discharge planning. Consistent and conflicting findings are discussed along with gaps in the literature. Limitations and implications for nursing practice, policy, research, and education are also noted.
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Date Issued
2017
Identifier
CFH0000223, ucf:44678
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0000223
DOES SAFETY CULTURE PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOMES?
Title
DOES SAFETY CULTURE PREDICT CLINICAL OUTCOMES?.
Creator
Wilson, Katherine, Salas, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Patient safety in healthcare has become a national objective. Healthcare organizations are striving to improve patient safety and have turned to high reliability organizations as those in which to model. One initiative taken on by healthcare is improving patient safety culture--shifting from one of a 'no harm, no foul' to a culture of learning that encourages the reporting of errors, even those in which patient harm does not occur. Lacking from the literature, however, is an...
Show morePatient safety in healthcare has become a national objective. Healthcare organizations are striving to improve patient safety and have turned to high reliability organizations as those in which to model. One initiative taken on by healthcare is improving patient safety culture--shifting from one of a 'no harm, no foul' to a culture of learning that encourages the reporting of errors, even those in which patient harm does not occur. Lacking from the literature, however, is an understanding of how safety culture impacts outcomes. While there has been some research done in this area, and safety culture is argued to have an impact, the findings are not very diagnostic. In other words, safety culture has been studied such that an overall safety culture rating is provided and it is shown that a positive safety culture improves outcomes. However, this method does little to tell an organization what aspects of safety culture impact outcomes. Therefore, this dissertation sought to answer that question but analyzing safety culture from multiple dimensions. The results found as a part of this effort support previous work in other domains suggesting that hospital management and supervisor support does lead to improved perceptions of safety. The link between this support and outcomes, such as incidents and incident reporting, is more difficult to determine. The data suggests that employees are willing to report errors when they occur, but the low occurrence of such reportable events in healthcare precludes them from doing so. When a closer look was taken at the type of incidents that were reported, a positive relationship was found between support for patient safety and medication incidents. These results initially seem counterintuitive. To suggest a positive relationship between safety culture and medication incidents on the surface detracts from the research in other domains suggesting the opposite. It could be the case that an increase in incidents leads an organization to implement additional patient safety efforts, and therefore employees perceive a more positive safety culture. Clearly more research is needed in this area. Suggestions for future research and practical implications of this study are provided.
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Date Issued
2007
Identifier
CFE0001924, ucf:47472
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001924
RECEPTIVE AND EXPRESSIVE SINGLE WORD VOCABULARY ERRORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES
Title
RECEPTIVE AND EXPRESSIVE SINGLE WORD VOCABULARY ERRORS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES.
Creator
Hirn, Juliana L, Towson, Jacqueline, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Vocabulary growth during the preschool years is critical for language development. Preschool children with developmental disabilities often have more difficulty with learning and developing language, therefore making more errors in vocabulary. It is important to recognize what type of errors children are demonstrating, especially as it relates to receptive and expressive language abilities. This study explores the error patterns preschool children with developmental disabilities make during...
Show moreVocabulary growth during the preschool years is critical for language development. Preschool children with developmental disabilities often have more difficulty with learning and developing language, therefore making more errors in vocabulary. It is important to recognize what type of errors children are demonstrating, especially as it relates to receptive and expressive language abilities. This study explores the error patterns preschool children with developmental disabilities make during receptive and expressive single word vocabulary tests. A secondary analysis of preexisting data was conducted from a sample of 68 preschool children with developmental disabilities ranging in severity. Based on a coding system developed by the author, errors were classified according to type. The majority of the errors children made were classified as No Response types of errors, with the second most common error being Semantic Perceptual errors of receptive and expressive picture naming tasks. Understanding the types of errors preschool children with disabilities make will help to enhance their language and therapy needed to thrive as a learner, especially as they begin elementary school.
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Date Issued
2017
Identifier
CFH2000261, ucf:46010
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000261
IMPROVING LONG RANGE FORECAST ERRORS FOR BETTER CAPACITY DECISION MAKING
Title
IMPROVING LONG RANGE FORECAST ERRORS FOR BETTER CAPACITY DECISION MAKING.
Creator
Nizam, Anisulrahman, Leon, Steven, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Long-range demand planning and capacity management play an important role for policy makers and airline managers alike. Each makes decisions regarding allocating appropriate levels of funds to align capacity with forecasted demand. Decisions today can have long lasting effects. Reducing forecast errors for long-range range demand forecasting will improve resource allocation decision making. This research paper will focus on improving long-range demand planning and forecasting errors of...
Show moreLong-range demand planning and capacity management play an important role for policy makers and airline managers alike. Each makes decisions regarding allocating appropriate levels of funds to align capacity with forecasted demand. Decisions today can have long lasting effects. Reducing forecast errors for long-range range demand forecasting will improve resource allocation decision making. This research paper will focus on improving long-range demand planning and forecasting errors of passenger traffic in the U.S. domestic airline industry. This paper will look to build upon current forecasting models being used for U.S. domestic airline passenger traffic with the aim of improving forecast errors published by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Using historical data, this study will retroactively forecast U.S. domestic passenger traffic and then compare it to actual passenger traffic, then comparing forecast errors. Forecasting methods will be tested extensively in order to identify new trends and causal factors that will enhance forecast accuracy thus increasing the likelihood of better capacity management and funding decisions.
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Date Issued
2013
Identifier
CFH0004425, ucf:45115
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004425
IMPROVING EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY: METHODS FOR MORE ACCURATE RECALL OF EVENTS
Title
IMPROVING EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY: METHODS FOR MORE ACCURATE RECALL OF EVENTS.
Creator
Schachter, Ashley, Chin, Matthew, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Eyewitness testimony has as long history in the court system, and is very persuasive to juries. Jurors are hard pressed to ignore a witness' assertion of a perpetrator's identity. However, the juror's perception of eyewitness testimony is problematic as it has been documented as inaccurate and unreliable in numerous experiments. With the advent of DNA testing and efforts such as The Innocence Project, it has become apparent that faulty eyewitness accounts are central to many wrongful...
Show moreEyewitness testimony has as long history in the court system, and is very persuasive to juries. Jurors are hard pressed to ignore a witness' assertion of a perpetrator's identity. However, the juror's perception of eyewitness testimony is problematic as it has been documented as inaccurate and unreliable in numerous experiments. With the advent of DNA testing and efforts such as The Innocence Project, it has become apparent that faulty eyewitness accounts are central to many wrongful convictions. The intent of this thesis was to explore how law enforcement can facilitate more accurate eyewitness accounts via their interview process. Research suggests that a key problem in the current interviewing system is "post-event information," or outside information introduced by leading questions, exposure to police conversations or other witnesses' accounts. This information can contaminate a witness's memories of events and lead them to report things they did not see. The current experiment explores the effects of 1) warning and educating witnesses about suggestibility and 2) interviewing with leading or open-ended questions. Accuracy scores were then compared for each condition. The hope was to gain insight into methods for improving accurate recall of events and reducing memory contamination from "post-event information."
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFH0004116, ucf:44867
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004116
The Role of Resilience on Second-Victim Outcomes: Examining Individual and External Factors of Medical Professionals
Title
The Role of Resilience on Second-Victim Outcomes: Examining Individual and External Factors of Medical Professionals.
Creator
Hernandez, Claudia, Burke, Shawn, Bowers, Clint, Porter, Marissa, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The present work is intended to bring awareness to medical professionals impacted by the occurrence of errors they have committed or witnessed (i.e., second-victims) and highlight the negative effects that may result from such errors. The purpose of this research is to test whether resilience and negative affect that is experienced after a medical error are related. Additionally, four variables are tested as moderators of this relationship, two of which are considered individual variables (i...
Show moreThe present work is intended to bring awareness to medical professionals impacted by the occurrence of errors they have committed or witnessed (i.e., second-victims) and highlight the negative effects that may result from such errors. The purpose of this research is to test whether resilience and negative affect that is experienced after a medical error are related. Additionally, four variables are tested as moderators of this relationship, two of which are considered individual variables (i.e., self-efficacy and work meaningfulness), and two of which are characterized as external variables (i.e., co-worker support and organizational support). Twenty-two healthcare professionals from a hospital's Cardio-Vascular Intensive Care Unit participated in a short survey. Results showed a relationship exists between resilience and negative affect experienced by second victims, post-error. The limitations of the current work, practical implications, and ideas for future research will be expanded upon herein.
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Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFE0007651, ucf:52475
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007651
MEASURING MULTILEVEL CONSTRUCTS: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TEAM BEHAVIORAL PROCESS UNDER COMPILATIONAL MODELS
Title
MEASURING MULTILEVEL CONSTRUCTS: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TEAM BEHAVIORAL PROCESS UNDER COMPILATIONAL MODELS.
Creator
Murase, Toshio, Dechurch, Leslie, Salas, Eduardo, Bowers, Clint, Kapucu, Naim, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Since at least the 1950s, researchers interested in studying the dynamics of small groups have struggled with how best to measure interaction processes. Although team process measurement issues are not particularly unique in terms of content, measuring multilevel phenomena presents an interesting problem because structural aspects are integral components of emergence. The elemental content of multilevel phenomena is wholly unique and distinguishable from the elemental content of composite...
Show moreSince at least the 1950s, researchers interested in studying the dynamics of small groups have struggled with how best to measure interaction processes. Although team process measurement issues are not particularly unique in terms of content, measuring multilevel phenomena presents an interesting problem because structural aspects are integral components of emergence. The elemental content of multilevel phenomena is wholly unique and distinguishable from the elemental content of composite units, and emerges as individual behaviors compile to higher levels of analyses. Analogous to chemical structures, behavioral phenomena manifest at higher levels in different structural patterns as members connect to one another through dynamic interactions. Subsequently, multilevel phenomena are more appropriately characterized in terms of pattern in addition to the traditionally measured intensity. The vast majority of teams research conceptualizes and operationalizes multilevel phenomena based on compositional (i.e., additive) models. This approach impedes the further advancement of the science of team effectiveness by capturing content and intensity, but not structure. This dissertation argues that compilational models better capture content, intensity, and structure, and therefore represent a preferred alternative for conceptualizing and operationalizing team processes. This dissertation details measurement issues associated with compositional models in teams research, and provides concepts helpful for reconceptualizing team processes as compilational forms.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0004145, ucf:49048
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004145
DISCOUNTING: AN EMPIRICAL JUSTIFICATION FOR ITS VALUE IN THE LODGING INDUSTRY
Title
DISCOUNTING: AN EMPIRICAL JUSTIFICATION FOR ITS VALUE IN THE LODGING INDUSTRY.
Creator
Semrad, Kelly, Croes, Robertico, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The central focus of this study is to provide an empirical explanation regarding the efficacy of the managerial expectation formation process as it contributes to the understanding of discounting room rates as a rational strategic phenomenon in the lodging industry. The study assesses the nature of the relationship between discounting hotel room rates and hotel financial performance when considering the non-stationary conditions of a time series data set. The study was rooted in an...
Show moreThe central focus of this study is to provide an empirical explanation regarding the efficacy of the managerial expectation formation process as it contributes to the understanding of discounting room rates as a rational strategic phenomenon in the lodging industry. The study assesses the nature of the relationship between discounting hotel room rates and hotel financial performance when considering the non-stationary conditions of a time series data set. The study was rooted in an operational based perspective with regard to the challenges presented by the perishable nature of room night sales - the loss of which may impact a managerÂÂ's fundamental responsibility: to generate maximum revenue from the existing hotel room capacity. Of critical importance to this study is whether the incremental use of discounting room rates could work to correct for temporal periods of decreased demand and thus increase short-term hotel financial performance. There is limited research regarding the empirical relationship between discounting room rates and hotel financial performance, as well as the internal process that a hotel manager uses to determine an accurate room rate that corresponds to seasonal lodging market demand conditions. An empirical foundation for this practice is lacking in the extant hospitality literature. Literature reveals that, although the lodging industry commonly incorporates discounting as a pricing strategy, recent research implies that high occupancy levels at discounted room rates do not necessarily lead to an increase in hotel financial performance. The contrast then between what is practiced and the recommendations from pricing strategy studies has led to lack of consistent agreement in current lodging literature regarding how discounting of hotel room rates relates to hotel financial performance. This study is at the forefront in its use of the methodological procedures that support a theoretical framework capable of providing explanations regarding managersÂÂ' internal process of discounting as an effective pricing strategy that could compensate for times of decreased room demand. An econometric case study research design was used in conjunction with a cointegration analysis and an error correction model (none of which are otherwise appropriated as assessment tools in the lodging industry). These applications provide a means to understand the expectation formation process of managersÂÂ' room price setting strategies. They also assess the empirical nature of the relationship between the variables by accounting for the erratic variations of room demand over time as induced by random error fluctuations. A non-deterministic system was assumed and supported through the analysis of the stationarity conditions of the time series data set under investigation. The distinguishing characteristics of a dynamic system that are recognized as traits of the lodging industry are further supported by the theoretical framework of the rational expectations theory and the cobweb model. The results of the study are based on secondary financial data sets that were provided by a midscale independently owned leisure hotel in the Orlando, FL market and that is located on Walt Disney World property. The results of this study delineate from the current normative economic recommendation based on descriptive research that claims discounting hotel room rates does not increase hotel financial performance. The current study does not draw an association between the variables from the presupposition of a deterministic marketplace, nor does it recommend to managers to hold a constant average daily rate over time. Based on the findings of the statistical procedures performed and the theoretical framework, the study contends that previous research may have incorrectly modeled room price expectations; elected to use inappropriate statistical tests; and, therefore, may have entertained misleading conclusions regarding the relationship between discounting of hotel room rates and hotel financial performance. Through use of an error correction model, the major findings of this study imply several concepts: that residuals may be treated as a variable within the studyÂÂ's model in order to better understand the short run dynamics that may lead to equilibrium correcting room price positions over the long run of time; that discounting room rates works in the short run; and, that managers use a rational price setting strategy to set future room rates. All of the aforementioned concepts fall within accordance of the rational expectations theory. The study concludes that while the constant room rate adjustments observed in the lodging industry may display what appears to be a random structure that deviates from the expected systematic, or stable, financial performance of a hotel over time, the deviations in performance are actually a rhythmic synthesized process of market information from past and current times. Hence, hotel managers appear to be using a backward looking model to forwardly project optimal room rates to match uncertain consumer demand. The empirical assessment employed in this study supports this determination.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003430, ucf:48411
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003430
A STUDY OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SELF-REPORTED ANOMALIES IN CIVIL AVIATION
Title
A STUDY OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SELF-REPORTED ANOMALIES IN CIVIL AVIATION.
Creator
Andrzejczak, Chris, Karwowski, Waldemar, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
A study investigating what factors are present leading to pilots submitting voluntary anomaly reports regarding their flight performance was conducted. The study employed statistical methods, text mining, clustering, and dimensional reduction techniques in an effort to determine relationships between factors and anomalies. A review of the literature was conducted to determine what factors are contributing to these anomalous incidents, as well as what research exists on human error, its causes...
Show moreA study investigating what factors are present leading to pilots submitting voluntary anomaly reports regarding their flight performance was conducted. The study employed statistical methods, text mining, clustering, and dimensional reduction techniques in an effort to determine relationships between factors and anomalies. A review of the literature was conducted to determine what factors are contributing to these anomalous incidents, as well as what research exists on human error, its causes, and its management. Data from the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) was analyzed using traditional statistical methods such as frequencies and multinomial logistic regression. Recently formalized approaches in text mining such as Knowledge Based Discovery (KBD) and Literature Based Discovery (LBD) were employed to create associations between factors and anomalies. These methods were also used to generate predictive models. Finally, advances in dimensional reduction techniques identified concepts or keywords within records, thus creating a framework for an unsupervised document classification system. Findings from this study reinforced established views on contributing factors to civil aviation anomalies. New associations between previously unrelated factors and conditions were also found. Dimensionality reduction also demonstrated the possibility of identifying salient factors from unstructured text records, and was able to classify these records using these identified features.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003463, ucf:48382
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003463
CORRECT ME IF I AM WRONG: INVESTIGATING THE PREFERENCES IN ERROR CORRECTION AMONG ADULT ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Title
CORRECT ME IF I AM WRONG: INVESTIGATING THE PREFERENCES IN ERROR CORRECTION AMONG ADULT ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS.
Creator
Smith, Hillary, Mihai, Florin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence the educational backgrounds of adult English Language Learners and their preferences in error correction. Fifty participants completed surveys of their educational and demographic backgrounds and beliefs about error correction, and then ranked video clips of different types of error correction in terms of perceived usefulness. The survey examined the affective impact of oral error correction and studentsÂÂ'...
Show moreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the existence the educational backgrounds of adult English Language Learners and their preferences in error correction. Fifty participants completed surveys of their educational and demographic backgrounds and beliefs about error correction, and then ranked video clips of different types of error correction in terms of perceived usefulness. The survey examined the affective impact of oral error correction and studentsÂÂ' preferences regarding which errors merited correction and when and how these errors should be corrected. Participants with differing educational backgrounds expressed similar beliefs concerning the error correction and similar perceptions of the affective impact of CF. The findings of this study indicated that teachers may run more risk of disappointing students by not meeting their expectations than they do of causing them a negative emotional experience through correction.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003062, ucf:48326
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003062
Error Rates in Narrow-band Digital FM Systems Operating Various Interference Environments
Title
Error Rates in Narrow-band Digital FM Systems Operating Various Interference Environments.
Creator
Rodriguez, Arthur M., Mathews, B.E., Engineering
Abstract / Description
Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis
Date Issued
1975
Identifier
CFR0004778, ucf:52971
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0004778
Applied Error Related Negativity: Single Electrode Electroencephalography in Complex Visual Stimuli
Title
Applied Error Related Negativity: Single Electrode Electroencephalography in Complex Visual Stimuli.
Creator
Sawyer, Benjamin, Karwowski, Waldemar, Hancock, Peter, Xanthopoulos, Petros, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Error related negativity (ERN) is a pronounced negative evoked response potential (ERP) that follows a known error. This neural pattern has the potential to communicate user awareness of incorrect actions within milliseconds. While the implications for human-machine interface and augmented cognition are exciting, the ERN has historically been evoked only in the laboratory using complex equipment while presenting simple visual stimuli such as letters and symbols. To effectively harness the...
Show moreError related negativity (ERN) is a pronounced negative evoked response potential (ERP) that follows a known error. This neural pattern has the potential to communicate user awareness of incorrect actions within milliseconds. While the implications for human-machine interface and augmented cognition are exciting, the ERN has historically been evoked only in the laboratory using complex equipment while presenting simple visual stimuli such as letters and symbols. To effectively harness the applied potential of the ERN, detection must be accomplished in complex environments using simple, preferably single-electrode, EEG systems feasible for integration into field and workplace-ready equipment. The present project attempted to use static photographs to evoke and successfully detect the ERN in a complex visual search task: motorcycle conspicuity. Drivers regularly fail to see motorcycles, with tragic results. To reproduce the issue in the lab, static pictures of traffic were presented, either including or not including motorcycles. A standard flanker letter task replicated from a classic ERN study (Gehring et al., 1993) was run alongside, with both studies requiring a binary response. Results showed that the ERN could be clearly detected in both tasks, even when limiting data to a single electrode in the absence of artifact correction. These results support the feasibility of applied ERN detection in complex visual search in static images. Implications and opportunities will be discussed, limitations of the study explained, and future directions explored.
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Date Issued
2014
Identifier
CFE0005885, ucf:50886
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005885

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