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Title: EXPRESSION MORPHING BETWEEN DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS.
Creator: Fu, Tao, Foroosh, Hassan R., University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: How to generate new views based on given reference images has been an important and interesting topic in the area of image-based rendering. Two important algorithms that can be used are field morphing and view morphing. Field morphing, which is an algorithm of image morphing, generates new views based on two reference images which were taken at the same viewpoint. The most successful result of field morphing is morphing from one person's face to the other one's face. View morphing, which is...
Show moreHow to generate new views based on given reference images has been an important and interesting topic in the area of image-based rendering. Two important algorithms that can be used are field morphing and view morphing. Field morphing, which is an algorithm of image morphing, generates new views based on two reference images which were taken at the same viewpoint. The most successful result of field morphing is morphing from one person's face to the other one's face. View morphing, which is an algorithm of view synthesis, generates in-between views based on two reference views which were taken at different viewpoints for the same object. The result of view morphing is often an animation of moving one object from the viewpoint of one reference image to the viewpoint of the other one.In this thesis, we proposed a new framework that integrates field morphing and view morphing to solve the problem of expression morphing. Based on four reference images, we successfully generate the morphing from one viewpoint with one expression to another viewpoint with a different expression. We also proposed a new approach to eliminate artifacts that frequently occur in view morphing due to occlusions and in field morphing due to some unforeseen combination of feature lines. We solve these problems by relaxing the monotonicity assumption to piece-wise monotonicity along the epipolar lines. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of this approach in handling occlusions for more realistic synthesis of novel views.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: CFE0000070, ucf:46110
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000070

Title: PARTICIPANT'S PERCEPTION OF REALISM AND PEDIATRIC PAIN ASSESSMENT UTILIZING A VIRTUAL PATIENT: A PILOT STUDY.
Creator: Carson, Alexandra, Anderson, Mindi, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The use of simulation in curriculum affords students with the opportunity to enhance clinical skills in a safe environment. However, certain aspects of patient assessment are difficult to reproduce in current simulators, such as changes in facial expressions. Facial expressions are of particular importance when assessing for the presence and severity of pain in the pediatric population. Inconsistencies found in accurate identification of pain suggest the necessity of improved pain assessment...
Show moreThe use of simulation in curriculum affords students with the opportunity to enhance clinical skills in a safe environment. However, certain aspects of patient assessment are difficult to reproduce in current simulators, such as changes in facial expressions. Facial expressions are of particular importance when assessing for the presence and severity of pain in the pediatric population. Inconsistencies found in accurate identification of pain suggest the necessity of improved pain assessment training. This study evaluated nursing student's perceptions of a virtual patient designed to realistically display varying levels of pain in the pediatric patient. Additional purposes of this study were to evaluate the student's ability to accurately rate pediatric pain using a virtual patient with and without other indicators of pain, explore the students experience learning pediatric pain in nursing school, and explore the use of simulation in curriculum to teach pain. A total of N=11 nursing students participated in this study. Students were presented with a series of virtual patient faces and asked to provide a pain rating from 0-10 utilizing a pediatric pain assessment tool, and to numerically list the facial features used to identify the pain rating they chose. A questionnaire was then completed which included questions regarding the realism of the virtual patient, pain and curriculum, and simulation. Results of the study showed students rated pain lower than the expected rating when presented with virtual patient faces only, and rated pain closer to the expected rating when presented with virtual patient faces and other indicators of pain such as vital signs and verbal cues. A noticeable range of reported pain rating levels existed for all virtual faces in which students rated the pain lower or higher than the true pain rating. The majority of students reported the virtual patient was moderately to extremely realistic, and 90.9% (n=10) reported they would like to have the technology implemented into a simulation scenario.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFH2000085, ucf:45525
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000085

Title: Gee, thanks: The emotional and structural forces that influence subordinates' upward gratitude expressions.
Creator: Sheridan, Sharon, Ambrose, Maureen, Crossley, Craig, Schminke, Marshall, Sivo, Stephen, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Recently, relationship scholars have demonstrated the importance of expressions of gratitude in cultivating relational bonds and relational satisfaction between close friends and romantic partners. Although there is growing evidence that gratitude facilitates improved relationships, organizational scholars have largely ignored the importance of gratitude in the workplace. What little we know indicates that expressions of gratitude in organizations may be rare. Indeed, a recent national survey...
Show moreRecently, relationship scholars have demonstrated the importance of expressions of gratitude in cultivating relational bonds and relational satisfaction between close friends and romantic partners. Although there is growing evidence that gratitude facilitates improved relationships, organizational scholars have largely ignored the importance of gratitude in the workplace. What little we know indicates that expressions of gratitude in organizations may be rare. Indeed, a recent national survey revealed that 74% of the participants rarely, if ever, expressed gratitude to their supervisors (Kaplan, 2012). What might explain this apparent lack of gratitude?Research demonstrates that when individuals feel grateful for the generosity of a benefactor, they are motivated to acknowledge the benefactor's efforts and this typically manifests in a desire to express thanks or appreciation. Thus, in order to understand why subordinates may be unlikely to express gratitude towards their supervisors for benefits received, we must understand why they may not feel grateful in the first place. In this dissertation, I review the extant research on gratitude expressions and theorize about the factors that may influence subordinates' emotional reactions to benefits received from supervisors. Using a cognitive-emotion framework, I explain how subordinates' attributions can elicit divergent emotional responses that exert differential influences on upward expressions of gratitude and how supervisors' behavior influences these attributions. Across two studies, I find mixed support for my hypotheses.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: CFE0006658, ucf:51225
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006658

Title: Delineating key genetic components on linear plasmid 36 that contribute to its essential role in Borrelia burgdorferi mammalian infectivity.
Creator: Choudhury, Tisha, Jewett, Mollie, Khaled, Annette, Self, William, Cole, Alexander, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. This pathogen has a complex enzootic life cycle that involves passage between the tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) and various vertebrate hosts with humans being inadvertent hosts. There is a pressing need to study the genetic aspects of the B. burgdorferi infectious cycle and particularly spirochete genes involved in mammalian infectivity so as to develop novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to combat Lyme...
Show moreThe spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiologic agent of Lyme disease. This pathogen has a complex enzootic life cycle that involves passage between the tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) and various vertebrate hosts with humans being inadvertent hosts. There is a pressing need to study the genetic aspects of the B. burgdorferi infectious cycle and particularly spirochete genes involved in mammalian infectivity so as to develop novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to combat Lyme disease. The B. burgdorferi genome is fragmented and comprised of a single 900 kb linear chromosome and multiple linear and circular plasmids. It has been observed that plasmids are lost during serial passage and manipulation in vitro and the loss of some of the plasmids has been shown to be related to the loss of infectivity and persistence in the host. One such plasmid is linear plasmid 36 (lp36). lp36 is approximately 36kb in size and carries 56 putative open reading frames a majority of which have no predicted function. B. burgdorferi lacking lp36 show no deficiency in survival in ticks; however, these mutant spirochetes are highly attenuated for mammalian infectivity. The genetic components of this plasmid that contribute to its function in mammalian infectivity have yet to be clearly defined. Using an in vivo expression technology (IVET) based genetic screen the lp36-encoded gene bbk46 was identified as a candidate B. burgdorferi gene that is expressed during mammalian infection. Herein we present evidence that bbk46 is required for B. burgdorferi persistent infection of immunocompetent mice. Our data support a molecular model of immune evasion by which bbk46 functions as an RNA to regulate expression of the antigenic variation protein VlsE. These data represent the first demonstration of a regulatory mechanism critical for controlling vlsE gene expression. Moreover these findings further define the critical role of linear plasmid 36 in Borrelia burgdorferi pathogenesis.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004982, ucf:49566
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004982

Title: CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN CROHN'S DISEASE PATIENTS ASSOCIATED WITH MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS.
Creator: Romero, Claudia, Naser, Saleh A., University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Despite the chronic debate in the etiology of crohn's disease (cd), a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) closely related to ulcerative colitis (uc), an emerging interest in a possible mycobacterial role has been marked. Granuloma and pathologic manifestations in cd resemble aspects found in tuberculosis, leprosy and paratuberculosis. The latter, a chronic enteritis in cattle, goat, sheep and primates, which is similar to human enteritis, also known as cd, is caused by a fastidious,...
Show moreDespite the chronic debate in the etiology of crohn's disease (cd), a debilitating inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) closely related to ulcerative colitis (uc), an emerging interest in a possible mycobacterial role has been marked. Granuloma and pathologic manifestations in cd resemble aspects found in tuberculosis, leprosy and paratuberculosis. The latter, a chronic enteritis in cattle, goat, sheep and primates, which is similar to human enteritis, also known as cd, is caused by a fastidious, slow growing mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). Due to the similarities between cd and paratuberculosis, a mycobacterial cause in cd has been proposed. Recent discovery of a possible association between nod2/card15 mutations and risk of cd added support to microorganism-host interactions. In this study, a possible mycobacterial role in cd etiology has been evaluated by investigating the presence of map dna, the state of the cellular immune response and microarray gene expression profiling in peripheral blood and surgical tissue from cd, uc and healthy control subjects. Nested pcr detected map dna in tissue from 10/12(83%) cd patients compared to 1/6(17%) non-ibd subjects. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with the aid of confocal scanning laser microscopy (cslm) detected map dna in 8/12(67%) cd subjects compared to 0/6(0%) in non-ibd subjects. The detection of map dna by either technique in tissue from cd subjects is significant compared to non-ibd subjects (p < 0.05). Map dna was also detected in both inflamed and non-inflamed tissue from patients with cd suggesting map infiltration in human tissue. Correlation of possible map presence and the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in 19 cd patients and 12 controls have been evaluated. Pmn phagocytosis of viable fitc-map was suppressed in 13/19(68%) cd patients compared to 0/12(0%) in healthy controls (p<0.05). Pbmc phagocytosis of viable fitc-map was suppressed in 5/19(26%) of cd patients compared to 0/12(0%) of healthy controls (p<0.05). The proliferative response of pbmc with t-cell majority from cd and controls subjects was evaluated against pha, candida albicans, pwm and map ppd. Dysfunctional proliferative response against pha was found in 8/19(42%) cd patients compared to 1/12(8.3%) in controls suggesting possible t-cell anergy. Pbmc from 11 cd subjects reacted normally to pha, 7/11(64%) reacted strongly to map ppd suggesting previous exposure to mycobacteria, and 3/11(27%) did not react with map ppd suggesting lack of pre-exposure to mycobacteria. From the seven mycobacterial pre-exposed samples, 6/7(86%) showed a normal ability to recall antigens by activated macrophages when exposed to c. Albicans, and all 7 samples had a normal pwm response. Finally, microarray-chip technology was employed to identify the expression profile of genes that have a role in the immune response of cd patients. Rna was isolated from fresh buffy coats from 8 healthy controls, 2 cd, and 1 uc patients. Chips with an estimated of 30,000 human genes were hybridized to cdna from these samples. We found that 17% of the total number of genes was differentially expressed. Over 200 genes were involved in the immune response, 7 genes where common to both forms of ibd (uc and cd), and 8 genes were found to be either downregulated in cd and upregulated in uc or viceversa. The ifngr1 gene, which encodes the ligand-binding chain of the ifn-gamma receptor, was found to be downregulated in 2/2(100%) of cd patients, but not in uc patients. It is known that defects in ifngr1 are a cause of atypical mycobacterial infection and bcg infection. Patients suffering from this deficiency have an immunologic defect predisposing them to infection with mycobacteria. This correlates with the proposed theory as map being the causative agent of cd. Furthermore, the results indicate a host susceptibility requirement for the establishment of mycobacterial infection in cd patients. Further characterization of ifngr1 using real-time pcr is underway. Collectively, detection of map dna in the majority of cd tissue and the alteration in pmn and pbmc to respond efficiently to map may be related to the fact that mycobacterial pathogens infect phagocytic cells of susceptible hosts and consequently the immune response is dysregulated. Furthermore, the fact that a gene linked to mycobacterial susceptibility was found to be downregulated in cd patients only, strengthens the mycobacterial etiology of cd. In general, the data suggest a possible role for a bacterial pathogen in cd pathogenesis.
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Date Issued: 2004
Identifier: CFE0000170, ucf:46170
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000170

Title: DEVELOPMENT OF LUMINESCENT TOOLS FOR USE IN THE STUDY OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
Creator: Moore, Krista A, Rohde, Kyle, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a growing problem worldwide due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant and extensively-drug resistant strains of the bacteria. A key to combatting the spread of these strains lies in the understanding of gene expression occurring in Mtb. This study focuses on the development and optimization of a luciferase-based bioluminescent transcriptional reporter that can be used to monitor gene expression in Mtb. The...
Show moreMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a growing problem worldwide due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant and extensively-drug resistant strains of the bacteria. A key to combatting the spread of these strains lies in the understanding of gene expression occurring in Mtb. This study focuses on the development and optimization of a luciferase-based bioluminescent transcriptional reporter that can be used to monitor gene expression in Mtb. The luminescent signal emitted from the reporter can be measured and correlated with the level of transcription of certain genes. This study focuses specifically on a gene called whiB7 which encodes a transcription factor known to contribute to the drug resistance of Mtb. The drug-inducible whiB7 promoter was cloned into various locations in the luciferase plasmid in order to determine the ideal configuration of the reporter for maximum luminescence. The optimized luciferase reporter was then compared with a fluorescent transcriptional reporter, mCherry, also under control of the whiB7 promoter. Fluorescent reporters present some disadvantages including delayed kinetics and inability to accurately reflect gene downregulation due to long half-life of reporter proteins. It was hypothesized that the luciferase reporter would solve these problems by offering a more sensitive and dynamic tool to monitor gene expression. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure whiB7 mRNA present in cultures containing either the luciferase or mCherry reporters. The luminescent and fluorescent signal given from these reporters was then compared to actual mRNA expression. It was observed that the signal from the luciferase reporter more closely matched mRNA expression at each timepoint, indicating that the luciferase reporter is a better gauge of actual gene expression levels than the mCherry reporter.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: CFH2000478, ucf:45912
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000478

Title: IMITATING INDIVIDUALIZED FACIAL EXPRESSIONS IN A HUMAN-LIKE AVATAR THROUGH A HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION - TABU SEARCH ALGORITHM.
Creator: Husk, Evan, Gonzalez, Avelino, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This thesis describes a machine learning method for automatically imitating a particular person's facial expressions in a human-like avatar through a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization - Tabu Search algorithm. The muscular structures of the facial expressions are measured by Ekman and Friesen's Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Using a neutral face as a reference, the minute movements of the Action Units, used in FACS, are automatically tracked and mapped onto the avatar using a hybrid...
Show moreThis thesis describes a machine learning method for automatically imitating a particular person's facial expressions in a human-like avatar through a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization - Tabu Search algorithm. The muscular structures of the facial expressions are measured by Ekman and Friesen's Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Using a neutral face as a reference, the minute movements of the Action Units, used in FACS, are automatically tracked and mapped onto the avatar using a hybrid method. The hybrid algorithm is composed of Kennedy and Eberhart's Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) and Glover's Tabu Search (TS). Distinguishable features portrayed on the avatar ensure a personalized, realistic imitation of the facial expressions. To evaluate the feasibility of using PSO-TS in this approach, a fundamental proof-of-concept test is employed on the system using the OGRE avatar. This method is analyzed in-depth to ensure its proper functionality and evaluate its performance compared to previous work.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: CFH0004286, ucf:44949
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004286

Title: An Exploratory Analysis of a Five Minute Speech Sample of Mothers of Children with Selective Mutism.
Creator: Kovac, Lisa, Culp, Anne, Hundley, Gulnora, Szente, Judit, Renk, Kimberly, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Selective mutism (SM), an anxiety disorder wherein children have difficulty speaking or communicating when they are uncomfortable, is relevant for the early childhood population as symptoms often manifest upon school entry (Steinhausen (&) Juzi, 1996) and early treatment leads to better treatment prognosis (Oerbeck, Stein, Wentzel-Larsen, Langsrud (&) Kristensen, 2014). Bergman, Gonzalez, Piacentini and Keller, (2013) utilized an integrative behavioral treatment for children (ages 4-8) with...
Show moreSelective mutism (SM), an anxiety disorder wherein children have difficulty speaking or communicating when they are uncomfortable, is relevant for the early childhood population as symptoms often manifest upon school entry (Steinhausen (&) Juzi, 1996) and early treatment leads to better treatment prognosis (Oerbeck, Stein, Wentzel-Larsen, Langsrud (&) Kristensen, 2014). Bergman, Gonzalez, Piacentini and Keller, (2013) utilized an integrative behavioral treatment for children (ages 4-8) with SM and reported a 75% treatment responder status after 24 weeks of therapy. Their mothers are the focus of this study.This exploratory study examined the content of Five Minute Speech Samples at baseline and end of treatment condition for 9 mothers whose children had participated in the randomized controlled trial. Via a content analysis of language samples, this study examined emergent themes and a priori codes of Expressed Emotion (a construct associated with a variety of disorders) and parental overcontrol (a construct associated with the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders). Results revealed five categories of content expressed by mothers: (a) child characteristics (b) child's activities, (c) relationships with others, (d) difficulties other than SM, and (e) thoughts related to SM. Analysis revealed mothers who had children with SM had higher levels of expressed emotion and emotional overinvolvement than samples of mothers of children without SM. The implication of this finding is unknown and is a direction for future research. Overcontrol was overtly present in one mother and subtle in other mothers. Levels of expressed emotion largely remained unchanged over the course of treatment. Overall, information garnered from giving mothers the five minutes speech sample provides insight for therapists to design intervention. Giving the mothers a chance to discuss their views and experiences with their children is valuable in determining the behavioral and emotional support they need as they parent their child with SM.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007033, ucf:51990
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007033

Title: Feasability analysis of ramp control systems, a simulation approach.
Creator: Popkin, Henry Allen, Klee, Harold, Engineering
Abstract / Description: Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; The ever increasing traffic congestion being experienced on urban freeways has caused attention to be focused on methods for improving traffic operations on these facilities. The reduction or elimination of freeway congestion can be handled in two basic ways: 1) by increasing the freeway's capacity defined as the number of vehicles per unit time that can pass a given point in one lane of the freeway multiplied by the number of...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; The ever increasing traffic congestion being experienced on urban freeways has caused attention to be focused on methods for improving traffic operations on these facilities. The reduction or elimination of freeway congestion can be handled in two basic ways: 1) by increasing the freeway's capacity defined as the number of vehicles per unit time that can pass a given point in one lane of the freeway multiplied by the number of lanes on the freeway, or 2) by decreasing the traffic loads imposed on these freeways. Monumental costs and adverse public relations are involved in the construction of either new freeways or additional lanes in urban areas to increase freeway capacity. Due to these factors, the move in recent years has been toward decreasing traffic loads to accomplish the goals of reduction or elimination of freeway congestion. In an effort to combat the freeway congestion, traffic researchers have devoted much time and effort to the theoretical and practical aspects of systems in which controlled access is utilized to prevent or reduce congestion caused by traffic demands in excess of freeway operational capacity. Such systems perform the function of 'freeway surveillance and control'. An important aspect of these systems is the control mechanism used for the regulation of the ramp traffic to the freeway. This topic of ramp metering is the subject of this report.
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Date Issued: 1975
Identifier: CFR0003522, ucf:52998
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0003522

Title: EXPRESSION OF HEPATITIS C VIRAL NON-STRUCTURAL 3 ANTIGEN IN TRANSGENIC CHLOROPLASTS.
Creator: Bhati, Anubhuti, Daniell, Henry, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Hepatitis C viral infection is the major cause of acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease and remains the leading cause of liver transplants (NIH). An estimated 180 million people are infected globally (WHO). There is no vaccine available to prevent hepatitis C. The treatment with antiviral drugs is expensive, accompanied with various side effects and is limited only to those at risk of developing advanced liver disease. The treatment is also effective in only about 30% to 50% of treated...
Show moreHepatitis C viral infection is the major cause of acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease and remains the leading cause of liver transplants (NIH). An estimated 180 million people are infected globally (WHO). There is no vaccine available to prevent hepatitis C. The treatment with antiviral drugs is expensive, accompanied with various side effects and is limited only to those at risk of developing advanced liver disease. The treatment is also effective in only about 30% to 50% of treated patients and still a high percentage of patients are resistant to therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of effective vaccine antigens and an efficacious HCV vaccine. The non-structural 3 protein of the hepatitis C virus is a multifunctional protein of the virus required for virus polyprotein processing and replication. Vaccine antigen production via chloroplast transformation system usually results in high expression levels and eliminates the possibility of contamination with vector sequences,human or animal pathogens. The HCV NS3 antigen was expressed in the chloroplast of Nicotiana tabacum var. Petit havana and LAMD-609. The 1.9kb NS3 gene was cloned into a chloroplast expression vector, pLD-Ct containing the 16S rRNA promoter, aadA gene coding for the spectinomycin selectable marker, psbA 5' untranslated region to enhance translation in the light and 3' untranslated region for transcript stability and trnI & trnA homologous flanking sequences for site specific integration into the chloroplast genome. Chloroplast integration of the NS3 gene was first confirmed by PCR. Southern blot analysis further confirmed site-specific gene integration and homoplasmy. The NS3 protein was detected in transgenic chloroplasts by immunoblot analysis. The NS3 protein was further quantified by ELISA. Maximum expression levels of NS3 up to 2% in the total soluble protein were observed even in old leaves, upon 3-day continuous illumination. These results demonstrate successful expression of the HCV non-structural 3 antigen in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. Animal studies to test the immunogenecity of the chloroplast derived HCV NS3 will be performed using chloroplast derived NS3 antigen.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000495, ucf:46368
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000495

Title: THE EFFECT OF PREWRITING STRATEGY INSTRUCTION ON THE WRITTEN PRODUCTS OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES.
Creator: Sundeen, Todd, Wienke, Wilfred, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: ABSTRACT We know that many students with learning disabilities struggle throughout their school years with the writing process. High school is no exception. Writing is a life skill that can directly impact the quality of life for older students preparing to graduate and progress to college, a career, or simply the world of work. A need in society exists to improve the writing of all students including those who are on the threshold of high school graduation. Students with learning...
Show moreABSTRACT We know that many students with learning disabilities struggle throughout their school years with the writing process. High school is no exception. Writing is a life skill that can directly impact the quality of life for older students preparing to graduate and progress to college, a career, or simply the world of work. A need in society exists to improve the writing of all students including those who are on the threshold of high school graduation. Students with learning disabilities enter their ninth year of school with a performance gap of 4 to 5 years placing their equivalent learning in the late elementary years. Few studies however have investigated the impact of explicit written expression strategy instruction for students with mild disabilities in high school. Thus, expanding the knowledge base for this group of students becomes especially critical. The present study examines the effects of explicitly teaching a writing strategy to high school students with learning disabilities. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used to observe changes in student writing. A total of 11 students in three subject groups participated in the study. Eleventh grade students in three learning strategies classes were pretested to determine the level of their organizational skills for written products. Scoring criteria were described to students using a written expression rubric to provide them with the specific expectations for their daily writing. Mind-mapping, an organizational strategy for writing, was explicitly taught to each of three classes during their daily learning strategy period. Data were collected relative to the students' rubric scores and visually inspected for changes in writing performance before, during, and following the strategy instruction. Pre- and post-tests were administered to the student groups. Following data collection and the post-test, interviews were conducted with the teacher and each of the participants. Findings indicate that the mind-mapping intervention had limited success in improving students' written products when measured by the multiple baseline across subjects design. Pre- and post-test data, however, show that writing quality certainly did improve. The participants' teacher specifically noted during her interview that, in her perception, improvements in student writing as a result of using the mind-mapping strategy did occur. The teacher also felt strongly enough about the efficacy of the mind-mapping intervention that she plans to teach the strategy to her future students. Most of the students reported during their interviews that they felt that learning mind-mapping helped them to become better writers. The vast majority of students also stated that they planned to use the strategy for tests and writing assignments.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: CFE0001788, ucf:47263
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001788

Title: EVALUATING NEONATAL FACIAL PAIN EXPRESSION: IS THERE A PRIMAL FACE OF PAIN?.
Creator: Schiavenato, Martin, Byers, Jacqueline, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Pain assessment continues to be poorly managed in the clinical arena. A review of the communication process in pain assessment is carried out and the hierarchical approach often recommended in the literature –with self-report as its "gold-standard," is criticized as limited and simplistic. A comprehensive approach to pain assessment is recommended and a model that conceptualizes pain assessment as a complex transaction with various patient and clinician dependant factors is proposed....
Show morePain assessment continues to be poorly managed in the clinical arena. A review of the communication process in pain assessment is carried out and the hierarchical approach often recommended in the literature –with self-report as its "gold-standard," is criticized as limited and simplistic. A comprehensive approach to pain assessment is recommended and a model that conceptualizes pain assessment as a complex transaction with various patient and clinician dependant factors is proposed. Attention is then focused on the pediatric patient whose pain assessment is often dependent on nonverbal communicative action. The clinical approaches to pain assessment in this population –mainly the use of behavioral/observational pain scales and facial pain scales, are explored. The primal face of pain (PFP) is identified and proposed theoretically as an important link in the function of facial pain scales. Finally, the existence of the PFP is investigated in a sample of 57 neonates across differences in sex and ethnic origin while controlling for potentially confounding factors. Facial expression to a painful stimulus is measured based on the Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS) and applying an innovative computer-based methodology. No statistically significant differences in facial expression were found in infant display thereby supporting the existence of the PFP.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: CFE0001808, ucf:47373
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001808

Title: The use of a Phototherapy Intervention to Foster Empathy, Self-Awareness, and Self-Disclosure in Counselors-in-training using the Personal Growth Group.
Creator: Wilkes, Christopher, Hagedorn, William, Young, Mark, Hundley, Gulnora, Xu, Lihua, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The researcher set out to investigate the effectiveness of a specific phototherapy intervention on counselor-in-training's empathy, self-awareness, and self-disclosure development through participation in a personal growth group using Davis' (1980) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) Govern and Marsch's (2001) Situational Self-Awareness Scale, and behavioral observations. The study also explored the relationship between the three factors. The study looked to see if there was a difference in...
Show moreThe researcher set out to investigate the effectiveness of a specific phototherapy intervention on counselor-in-training's empathy, self-awareness, and self-disclosure development through participation in a personal growth group using Davis' (1980) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) Govern and Marsch's (2001) Situational Self-Awareness Scale, and behavioral observations. The study also explored the relationship between the three factors. The study looked to see if there was a difference in the change over time between the group receiving the phototherapy intervention and those participants who did not receive the intervention. The data was collected and measured through a (a) repeated measures MANOVA, (b) independent samples t-test, and (c) Pearson product correlation. The study used 41 participants who were currently enrolled in a group counseling course at a CACREP-accredited master's program in the Southeast. The students were either on a marriage and family, mental health, or school track. Both the treatment and the comparison group consisted of four groups and met weekly for a total of 10 meetings. Each group used a manualized treatment developed by the researcher with the treatment group incorporating the use of images. The findings showed that the phototherapy intervention did not have a significant impact on affective empathy or self-awareness when compared to the comparison group. Cognitive empathy showed a significant difference between the two groups over the course of the study. There was no difference between the observations of self-disclosure for the treatment and comparison groups, and the factors of empathy, self-awareness, and self-disclosure were not correlated. The results did show a significant change for both groups when looking at self-awareness. As a whole the study attempted to fill a gap in the literature surrounding how the factors of empathy, self-awareness, and self-disclosure are taught in counselor training programs and proposed next steps for future studies.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: CFE0004461, ucf:49323
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004461

Title: SURFACE ENTROPY REDUCTION TO INCREASE THE CRYSTALLIZABILITY OF THE FAB-RNA COMPLEX.
Creator: P.Ravindran, Priyadarshini, Ye, Jingdong, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Crystallizing RNA has been an imperative facet and a challenging task in the world of RNA research. Assistive methods such as Chaperone Assisted RNA Crystallography (CARC), employing monoclonal antibody fragments (Fabs) as crystallization chaperones have enabled us to obtain RNA crystal structures by increasing the crystal contacts and providing initial phasing information. Using this technology the crystal structure of ΔC209 P4-P6 RNA (an independent folding domain of the self-splicing...
Show moreCrystallizing RNA has been an imperative facet and a challenging task in the world of RNA research. Assistive methods such as Chaperone Assisted RNA Crystallography (CARC), employing monoclonal antibody fragments (Fabs) as crystallization chaperones have enabled us to obtain RNA crystal structures by increasing the crystal contacts and providing initial phasing information. Using this technology the crystal structure of ΔC209 P4-P6 RNA (an independent folding domain of the self-splicing Tetrahymena group I intron) complexed to Fab2 (high affinity binding Fab) has been resolved to 1.95 Å. Although the complexed class I ligase ribozyme has also been crystallized using CARC, in practice, it has been found that the crystallization of, large RNA-Fab complex remains a confrontation. The possible reason for this difficulty is that Fabs have not been optimized for crystallization when complexed with RNA. Here we have used the Surface Entropy Reduction technique (SER) for the optimization process. Candidate residues for mutations were identified based on combining results from visual inspection of ΔC209 P4-P6/Fab2 crystal structure complex using pyMOL software and a web- based SER software. The protruding lysine and glutamate residues were mutated to a set of alanine (Super Mutant Alanine SMA) and serine (Super Mutant Serine SMS) mutant clones. Filter binding assay studies confirmed that the mutant clones bind to ΔC209 P4-P6 with similar binding affinities as that of the parent Fab2. Large scale expression of the mutants, parent clone and ΔC209 P4-P6 RNA were optimised. Crystal trays for ΔC209 P4-P6 complexed with Fab2, Fab2SMA and Fab2SMS were set-up side-by-side using Hampton crystal screen kits and ~600 conditions including temperature as a variable condition were screened. Crystal screening shows significantly higher crystal-forming ratios for the mutant complexes. As the chosen SER residues are far away from the CDR regions of the Fab, the same set of mutations can be potentially applied to other Fabs binding to a variety of ribozymes and riboswitches to improve the crystallizability of the Fab-RNA complex.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0003944, ucf:48711
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003944

Title: GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION OF ADRENERGIC CELLS IN HEART DEVELOPMENT.
Creator: Osuala, Kingsley, Ebert, Steven, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The adrenergic hormones norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) are essential for cardiovascular development as embryos lacking NE/EPI begin to die abruptly between embryonic days 10.5 and 11.5 due to apparent cardiac failure. The objective of this research aimed to elucidate the mechanism of embryonic fatality observed in the NE/EPI deficient mouse model. We utilized the dopamine [two]-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh-/-) mouse model, which lacks the gene and subsequent enzyme necessary for...
Show moreThe adrenergic hormones norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) are essential for cardiovascular development as embryos lacking NE/EPI begin to die abruptly between embryonic days 10.5 and 11.5 due to apparent cardiac failure. The objective of this research aimed to elucidate the mechanism of embryonic fatality observed in the NE/EPI deficient mouse model. We utilized the dopamine [two]-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh-/-) mouse model, which lacks the gene and subsequent enzyme necessary for conversion of dopamine to NE. We utilized embryonic mouse hearts at E10.5 from Dbh+/+ (control) and Dbh-/- (experimental model) mice for mRNA transcript expression profiling. Gene expression data suggests a novel connection between the ability of the heart to synthesize adrenergic hormones and the gene expression of enzymes involved in the production of retinoic acid. We found a statistically significant change in transcriptional expression of the retinol binding protein-1 (Rbp-1) [+ 1.4 fold], retinol dehydrogenase 12 (Rdh-12) [+ 2.1 fold], and the beta carotene monooxygenase-1(Bcmo1) [- 2.7 fold] genes in the hearts of E10.5 Dbh-/- embryos. These genes encode enzymes responsible for the transport and enzymatic conversion of retinoic acid precursor molecules. Since alterations in retinoic acid concentration have been shown to cause mid-gestational embryonic teratogenesis and lethality, we chose to quantify retinoic acid present in the Dbh-/-embryo at E10.5. Our results showed a significantly higher concentration of retinoic acid in E10.5 Dbh-/- embryos as compared to wild-type controls. This finding indicates that altered expression of genes involved in retinoic acid synthesis lead to a physiological change in retinoic acid concentration which may contribute to the mid-gestational lethality of the Dbh-/- embryos. Previous studies have shown that adrenergic hormones are produced within the heart itself beginning early in embryonic development, but little is known about the fate and disposition of adrenergic cells within the heart at later stages and into adulthood. To investigate this, we utilized a genetic mouse model that expresses [two]-galactosidase ([two]-Gal) in cells capable of synthesizing EPI in order to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of adrenergic-derived cells in the developing heart. The model was designed so that cells capable of expressing the gene phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (Pnmt), which is responsible for the synthesis of epinephrine, also produce the enzyme [two]-Gal as a reporter. Evaluation of the location of these cells in the embryonic heart showed a preferential distribution at the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular sulcus at E10.5, and later at E18.5 a more widely distributed ventricular pattern was observed. In the adult heart, the right myocardium showed two small cclusters of XGAL positive cells, one near the apex and another region of the sinoatrial node. However the left heart myocardium showed XGAL positive cells throughout the left atrium and scattered through the LV where the staining appeared localized to myocytes. Interestingly, the left-sided distribution in the LV appeared to be non-random and non-uniform, since specific regions near the base, mid-section, and apex were consistently XGAL-positive. These findings suggest that adrenergic cells differentiate into cardiac muscle tissue that is predominantly found on the left side of the heart by adult stages of development. Taken collectively, this study has shown a novel connection between adrenergic hormones and RA synthesis, two crucial developmental signaling pathways in the embryonic heart. Remarkably, adrenergic derived cells were also found to persist in the adult heart where they constitute relatively large sections of the left ventricle and atrium. These findings provide important new insights into the mechanism of adrenergic actions in the developing heart and a previously unanticipated structural role for cells descending from an adrenergic lineage in the formation of left myocardial tissue.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0003987, ucf:48653
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003987

Title: Examining the Effect of the Universal Design for Learning Expression Principle on Students with learning Disabilities in Science.
Creator: Finnegan, Lisa, Dieker, Lisa, Wienke, Wilfred, Hines, Rebecca, Everett, Robert, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: ABSTRACT The significance of students being able to express and demonstrate their knowledge and understanding in all content areas has always been important especially in the sciences. Students under the Next Generation Science Standards will be required to participate in science discourse through a variety of approaches. This study examined student engagement and student demonstration of content knowledge in inclusive science classrooms through a quasi-experimental research design which...
Show moreABSTRACT The significance of students being able to express and demonstrate their knowledge and understanding in all content areas has always been important especially in the sciences. Students under the Next Generation Science Standards will be required to participate in science discourse through a variety of approaches. This study examined student engagement and student demonstration of content knowledge in inclusive science classrooms through a quasi-experimental research design which included four case study participants with a learning disability. The researcher also evaluated student content knowledge through the implementation of Universal Design for Learning-Expression (UDL-E) through a non-replicated control group design. Data were collected through a variety of sources including: researcher observations, review of student academic records, interviews, surveys, UDL-E products, and pre-test and posttest scores. Researcher observations spanned over a 10 week period and were coded and analyzed quantitatively. Findings from a Repeated ANOVA demonstrated no statistical significance, however based on interviews with students; findings show that the students did enjoy exploring the opportunity to express their knowledge using the Expression principle of Universal Design for Learning. Student time-on-task did remain equally as high during UDL-E and students' inattentive behaviors decreased.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004840, ucf:49709
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004840

Title: Expressing Future Time in Spoken Conversational English: A Corpus-Based Analysis of the Sitcom Friends.
Creator: Harris, Brandon, Folse, Keith, Mihai, Florin, Vitanova-Haralampiev, Gergana, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Far from being simply will, a survey of English grammar textbooks revealed that a multitude of expressions exists in the English language to express the future time. These expressions include, but are not limited to, will, be going to, the simple present tense, modals, the future perfect tense, and the present progressive tense. With so many choices and with a lack of direct relationship between tense and time, a language learner may certainly have difficulties in choosing which expression to...
Show moreFar from being simply will, a survey of English grammar textbooks revealed that a multitude of expressions exists in the English language to express the future time. These expressions include, but are not limited to, will, be going to, the simple present tense, modals, the future perfect tense, and the present progressive tense. With so many choices and with a lack of direct relationship between tense and time, a language learner may certainly have difficulties in choosing which expression to use when attempting to produce a future utterance. A corpus-based approach to analyzing real language has been demonstrated to be quite useful for the field of TESOL (Biber, Conrad, (&) Reppen, 1996; Biber (&) Conrad, 2001; Biber (&) Reppen, 2002) and numerous studies on the frequency of lexical and grammatical items of language have revealed salient features that otherwise would have remained unknown. Adding to this body of knowledge, the current study was an analysis of future expressions in spoken conversational English using the television sitcom Friends as a corpus. A careful analysis of 349,106 words from transcripts of 117 randomly selected episodes revealed that the most common expression of the future in the English language is the contracted form of be going to (-) gonna. The results of the study also revealed that only six future expressions emerged in this spoken conversational English from this corpus: will, be going to, the simple present tense, the present progressive tense, modals, and be about to.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0004860, ucf:49695
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004860

Title: STUDY OF SYMBOLIC EXPRESSIONS IN PEKING OPERA'SCOSTUMES AND LYRICS.
Creator: Li, Yiman, Akita, Kimiko, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This thesis represents an analysis of symbolic expressions used to convey traditional Chinese cultural values in marital relations as expressed through costumes and lyrics in Peking Opera plays and performances. Two symbols, dragon and phoenix, were selected from the costume collection. Four symbols--bird, tiger, wild goose, and dragon--were selected from compilations of lyrics. These symbols were selected because they expressed Chinese core cultural values, an imperial ideology based on...
Show moreThis thesis represents an analysis of symbolic expressions used to convey traditional Chinese cultural values in marital relations as expressed through costumes and lyrics in Peking Opera plays and performances. Two symbols, dragon and phoenix, were selected from the costume collection. Four symbols--bird, tiger, wild goose, and dragon--were selected from compilations of lyrics. These symbols were selected because they expressed Chinese core cultural values, an imperial ideology based on Confucian thoughts, which were practiced rigidly during Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Modeling Theory is applied to argue that dragon and phoenix as visual symbols convey ideas about characters' background, marital relationship, social status shifts, and socio-culturally desirable values. Social Drama Theory is employed to analyze the lyrics to understand how ideal images of husband and wife are constructed. The archetypes of Chinese traditional culture that have influenced Chinese thought and action for centuries are discovered and discussed.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: CFE0002149, ucf:47505
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002149

Title: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INDIVIDUAL: THE IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS FOR BIOLOGICAL AGE DETERMINATION.
Creator: Alvarez, Michelle, Ballantyne, Jack, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: It is now a matter of routine for the forensic scientist to obtain the genetic profile of an individual from DNA recovered from a biological stain deposited at a crime scene. Potential contributors of the stain must either be known to investigators (i.e. a developed suspect) or the questioned profile must be searched against a database of DNA profiles such as those maintained in the CODIS National DNA database. However, in those instances where there is no developed suspect and no match is...
Show moreIt is now a matter of routine for the forensic scientist to obtain the genetic profile of an individual from DNA recovered from a biological stain deposited at a crime scene. Potential contributors of the stain must either be known to investigators (i.e. a developed suspect) or the questioned profile must be searched against a database of DNA profiles such as those maintained in the CODIS National DNA database. However, in those instances where there is no developed suspect and no match is obtained after interrogation of appropriate DNA databases, the DNA profile per se presently provides no meaningful information to investigators, with the notable exception of gender determination. In these situations it would be advantageous to the investigation, if additional probative information could be obtained from the biological stain. A useful biometric that could provide important probative information, and one that may be amenable to molecular genetic analysis, is the biological age of an individual. The ability to provide investigators with information as to whether a DNA donor is a newborn, infant, toddler, child, adolescent, adult, middle-aged or elderly individual could be useful in certain cases, particularly those involving young children such as kidnappings or in providing additional intelligence during terrorist investigations. Currently no validated molecular assays exist for age determination. Biological human ageing can be defined by two distinct processes, degenerative and developmental ageing. The degenerative process of ageing is based on theories which identify an increase or decrease in physiological conditions with increasing age. In contrast, the developmental process of ageing is based on the theory that as individuals increase in chronological age, there will be subtle corresponding molecular based biological changes, each requiring genes to be expressed or silenced, indicative of that particular stage of life. We investigated the degenerative process of chromosomal telomere shortening, as well as the developmental process of gene expression profiling analysis, in an attempt to identify biomarkers of biological age in a self-renewing tissue such as blood. While telomere length analysis was an ineffective method for age determination; gene expression analysis revealed three gene transcripts expressed in an age-dependent physiological manner. These species namely- COL1A2, HBE1 and IGFBP3, were found to be expressed at elevated levels in younger individuals, newborns, or post-pubertal individuals, respectively. The biological process of hemoglobin switching was also investigated for the possibility of determining human age. While experimenting with the potential of using the gamma-hemoglobin chains, as newborn specific gene candidates, we serendipitously discovered four novel truncated transcripts, which we have termed HBG1n1, HBG1n2, HBG2n2 and HBG2n3; whose expression was restricted to whole-blood newborn samples and specific fetal tissues. The molecular origin of these transcripts appears to be at the RNA level, being produced by specific rearrangement events occurring in the standard gamma hemoglobin transcripts (HBG1 and HBG2), which yield these new isoforms that are expressed in a highly regulated tissue specific manner.
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Date Issued: 2007
Identifier: CFE0001737, ucf:47297
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001737

Title: INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ASSERTIVENESS AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS.
Creator: Kirst, Laura, Murdoch, Erin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Assertiveness is a learned fundamental interpersonal communication skill that helps individuals to meet the social demands of society. Although various personality factors associated with assertiveness have previously been studied, no recently published studies were identified in the review of assertiveness literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between assertiveness and the five factors of personality (extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience,...
Show moreAssertiveness is a learned fundamental interpersonal communication skill that helps individuals to meet the social demands of society. Although various personality factors associated with assertiveness have previously been studied, no recently published studies were identified in the review of assertiveness literature. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between assertiveness and the five factors of personality (extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), self-esteem, social anxiety, and shyness to update past research findings. Participants completed the College Self-Expression Scale, the IPIP representation of the NEO PI-R, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale. It was hypothesized that assertiveness would correlate positively with extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and self-esteem. Assertiveness was further hypothesized to correlate negatively with neuroticism, social anxiety, and shyness. Results revealed direct relationships between assertiveness and self-esteem, extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness, as well as inverse relationships to neuroticism, shyness, and fear of disapproval. No significant relationship was found between assertiveness and agreeableness. This study aimed to advance the understanding of the complex personality structure of low-assertive individuals.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFH0004071, ucf:44797
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004071

gene expression (3)	+ -
expressions (2)	+ -
facial expression (2)	+ -
5' end transcriptome (1)	+ -
ANOVA (1)	+ -

Adrenergic derived cells (1)	+ -
Adrenergic hormones (1)	+ -
Affective Computing (1)	+ -
Age Determination (1)	+ -
BSG (1)	+ -
Behavior State Generator (1)	+ -
Biological Age (1)	+ -
Borrelia (Borreliella) burgdorferi (1)	+ -
Borrelia burgdorferi (1)	+ -
Chaperone Assisted RNA Crystallography (1)	+ -
Contextualization (1)	+ -
Crohn's disease (1)	+ -
Decontextualization (1)	+ -
Demand forecast (1)	+ -
EFL (1)	+ -
ESG (1)	+ -
ESL (1)	+ -
Electronic traffic controls (1)	+ -
Emotion (1)	+ -
Emotion State Generator (1)	+ -
Emotion-like state (1)	+ -
English (1)	+ -
Express highways (1)	+ -
Expression of transgene/Hepatitis C Virus NS3 antigen/Chloroplasts (1)	+ -
Expressions (1)	+ -

ETD Collection (23)	+ -
Honors Collection (4)	+ -

English (26)	+ -
Engilsh (1)	+ -

University of Central Florida (26)	+ -
Rohde, Kyle (3)	+ -
Hundley, Gulnora (2)	+ -
Jewett, Mollie (2)	+ -
Self, William (2)	+ -

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