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Practical Use of Ground Penetrating Radar: A Survey of Coastal Historic Cemeteries in Florida
Title
Practical Use of Ground Penetrating Radar: A Survey of Coastal Historic Cemeteries in Florida.
Creator
Boynton, William, Barber, Sarah, Schultz, John, Cassanello, Robert, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) research conducted in coastal environments is one area that is lacking in archaeology. Surveys conducted in this type of environment afford the opportunity to evaluate the practical use GPR under field conditions. Coastal environments are effective for this evaluation because they offer a host of conditions that GPR surveys do not normally encounter at one time. The relationship of the land to the coast, sub-surface conditions and reliable survey areas create a ...
Show moreGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) research conducted in coastal environments is one area that is lacking in archaeology. Surveys conducted in this type of environment afford the opportunity to evaluate the practical use GPR under field conditions. Coastal environments are effective for this evaluation because they offer a host of conditions that GPR surveys do not normally encounter at one time. The relationship of the land to the coast, sub-surface conditions and reliable survey areas create a (")perfect storm(") to test how practical the use of GPR is in coastal environments. This research is a study of homestead cemeteries situated within the boundaries of Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), using GPR. The research has three main goals. The first is to utilize GPR to identify if there are any unknown burials at CCAFS. The second is to test the practical effectiveness of GPR in coastal environments where high water table, geology and saline conditions can limit the capability of the technique to resolve subsurface features. The third is to correlate data from the GPR survey with ethnographic information to enhance the protection and maintenance with what is already available for the cemeteries.Research methods include field-based geophysical data collection in addition to archival and ethnographic historic research. The field component, to which this research pertains, entailed an on-site GPR survey at the nine sites on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. This was followed by analysis of the information from the survey using standard processing software. Subsequently, a thorough archival search was completed to link historic and ethnographic information with the archaeological data obtained on the cemeteries. The final result of this research was a report that provides a detailed description of the results of the GPR survey of the cemeteries at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
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Date Issued
2015
Identifier
CFE0005931, ucf:50826
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005931
DETECTING VARIOUS BURIAL SCENARIOS IN A CONTROLLED SETTING USING GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR AND CONDUCTIVITY
Title
DETECTING VARIOUS BURIAL SCENARIOS IN A CONTROLLED SETTING USING GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR AND CONDUCTIVITY.
Creator
Martin, Michael, Schultz, John, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The use of geophysical tools to locate clandestine burials involving bodies has seen increasing popularity among forensic personnel. Often, these search methods are important to highlight certain areas where a body may or may not be located prior to utilizing invasive search techniques. Because of the success of these tools within real-life forensic searches, the use of controlled studies that monitor and detect cadavers over certain lengths of time have been increasingly utilized. However,...
Show moreThe use of geophysical tools to locate clandestine burials involving bodies has seen increasing popularity among forensic personnel. Often, these search methods are important to highlight certain areas where a body may or may not be located prior to utilizing invasive search techniques. Because of the success of these tools within real-life forensic searches, the use of controlled studies that monitor and detect cadavers over certain lengths of time have been increasingly utilized. However, these controlled studies have not monitored various burial scenarios that mimic real-life situations. This study focused on detecting and monitoring six burials containing pig carcasses used as proxies for human bodies and two control burials with a conductivity meter and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) with a 500-MHz and a 250-MHz antenna over a twelve month period. Each burial within this study represented a different forensic scenario that mimicked a real-life situation. Further, forensic use of GPR in both controlled settings as well as real-life searches have mainly focused on the use of a 500-MHz antenna. Therefore, this research also compared the use of a 250-MHz antenna with a 500-MHz antenna. Lastly, a number of GPR imagery options were utilized including reflection profiles and horizontal slices with various GPR software programs to compare the results obtained. Results obtained from the conductivity meter were compared to the results obtained by both antennae of the GPR. Overall, the use of multiple GPR imagery options provided increased resolution of the burial scenarios. Results showed that the conductivity meter was not a beneficial geophysical tool because none of the burial scenarios were detected. On the other hand, the use of GPR showed that the graves with objects added to the pig carcasses provided increased resolution compared to the graves containing only pig carcasses. Lastly, the 250-MHz antenna provided better resolution of the burial scenarios than the 500-MHz antenna due to easier discrimination of the forensic targets. Therefore, the use of a 250-MHz antenna would be a viable option to search for clandestine burials containing adult-sized bodies.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003067, ucf:48325
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003067
DETECTING BURIED METALLIC WEAPONS IN A CONTROLLED SETTING USING A CONDUCTIVITY METER AND A GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR
Title
DETECTING BURIED METALLIC WEAPONS IN A CONTROLLED SETTING USING A CONDUCTIVITY METER AND A GROUND-PENETRATING RADAR.
Creator
Dionne, Charles, Schultz, John, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Searching for buried metallic evidence at crime scenes or at potential disposal sites can be a daunting task for forensic personnel. In particular, it is common to search for a small firearm that was discarded or buried by the perpetrator. When performing forensic searches, it is recommended to first use non-invasive methods such as geophysical instruments to minimize damage to evidence and to the crime scene. Geophysical tools are used to pinpoint small areas of interest across a scene that...
Show moreSearching for buried metallic evidence at crime scenes or at potential disposal sites can be a daunting task for forensic personnel. In particular, it is common to search for a small firearm that was discarded or buried by the perpetrator. When performing forensic searches, it is recommended to first use non-invasive methods such as geophysical instruments to minimize damage to evidence and to the crime scene. Geophysical tools are used to pinpoint small areas of interest across a scene that will be invasively tested later. Prior to this project, there was no published research that tested the utility of the conductivity meter to search for metallic weapons such as firearms and blunt or sharp edged weapons. A sample comprised of 32 metallic weapons was buried in a controlled setting to test the applicability of a conductivity meter for forensic searches. Weapons were tested at multiple depths; once data collection was performed for one depth, the weapons were reburied 5cm deeper until they were no longer detected. Results obtained with conductivity meter were compared to results obtained by the ground-penetrating radar using different depths and transect intervals. The effects of several variables on detection such as weapon size, metallic composition, burial depth, and transect interval were analyzed in order to explore the limitations of each instrument. Results obtained from this controlled research can provide guidelines to help law enforcement in real-world searches.
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Date Issued
2009
Identifier
CFE0002597, ucf:48264
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002597
DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF EXISITING PAVEMENT SYSTEM WITH BRICK BASE USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR
Title
DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF EXISITING PAVEMENT SYSTEM WITH BRICK BASE USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR.
Creator
Desai, Karishma, Kuo, Shiou-San, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
At the turn of the century, the City of Orlando initiated the "Neighborhood Horizon Program." This program involved local citizens to help improve their community resources by engaging in a process of planning where the problems associated with the communities were identified. Many residents favored to bring back the brick roads that were overlaid with asphalt concrete to provided better transportation in the mid 1900s. With majority of the neighborhood streets already bricked, removing...
Show moreAt the turn of the century, the City of Orlando initiated the "Neighborhood Horizon Program." This program involved local citizens to help improve their community resources by engaging in a process of planning where the problems associated with the communities were identified. Many residents favored to bring back the brick roads that were overlaid with asphalt concrete to provided better transportation in the mid 1900s. With majority of the neighborhood streets already bricked, removing asphalt ensured safety, served as a technique for slowing traffic, and added to the historical integrity. Since there were no official documentations available that stated the definite existence of bricks beneath the asphalt surface course, it would have been rather impossible to core hundreds of locations to ensure the whereabouts of these anomalies. Thus, without time delays and excessive coring costs, a nondestructive instrumentation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was employed in the detection of bricks. This geophysical survey system distinguishes materials based on their different electrical properties that depend upon temperature, density, moisture content and impurities by providing a continuous profile of the subsurface conditions. The Ground Penetrating Radar operates on the principle of the electromagnetic wave (EMW) theory. The main objectives of this study was to investigate the existing pavement by using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) in detecting the brick base and to analyze the performance of pavement system for fatigue and rutting. The results of this study will assist the City of Orlando in removing asphalt layer, rebuilding of brick roads, and facilitate in better zoning and planning of the city. The construction of controlled test area provided with a good sense of brick detection, which helped in precise locations bricks for sections of Summerlin Avenue, Church Street and Cherokee Drive. The project demonstrated a good sense of detecting the subsurface anomalies, such as bricks. The validation of the profile readings was near to a 100%.
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Date Issued
2004
Identifier
CFE0000268, ucf:46230
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000268
MONITORING SHALLOW CONTROLLED GRAVES CONTAINING SMALL CADAVERS USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR
Title
MONITORING SHALLOW CONTROLLED GRAVES CONTAINING SMALL CADAVERS USING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR.
Creator
Fletcher, Joanna, Schultz, John, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) can be a useful geophysical instrument in the search and detection of clandestine graves in a forensic context. Controlled research in the field of forensic archaeology has demonstrated the applicability of this technology and is vital for improving GPR search methods. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the applicability of GPR, using 250 MHz and 500 MHz antennae, to locate shallow graves containing small pig cadavers in various burial scenarios...
Show moreGround-penetrating radar (GPR) can be a useful geophysical instrument in the search and detection of clandestine graves in a forensic context. Controlled research in the field of forensic archaeology has demonstrated the applicability of this technology and is vital for improving GPR search methods. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the applicability of GPR, using 250 MHz and 500 MHz antennae, to locate shallow graves containing small pig cadavers in various burial scenarios over a 12 month period. Data was collected on a controlled grid containing six graves at 0.5 m in depth: five graves containing pig carcasses and one control grave. The five graves containing the pig carcasses were devised to test a number of common forensic burial scenarios. The reflection profile data was processed using the computer program REFLEXW. The results demonstrate that the additional grave items did not always increase the detection of the grave for this monitoring period. Further, the low demarcation of the grave containing disturbed backfill illustrated that the hyperbolic reflection features were the result of the pig carcasses and not the disturbed soil. In terms of antenna performance, the 250 MHz data initially provided a higher resolution within the first few months. However, over time the higher detail provided by the 500 MHz data consistently resulted in easily discernable reflections.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0003592, ucf:48883
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003592
Sinkhole Monitoring Using Groundwater Table Data
Title
Sinkhole Monitoring Using Groundwater Table Data.
Creator
Tu, Ton, Yun, Hae-Bum, Nam, Boo Hyun, Wang, Dingbao, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Florida might be one of the most sinkhole-active areas on the earth. Due to its unpredictability and significance of occurrence, the development of sinkhole monitoring techniques is imperative to minimize sinkhole-induced hazards. Several methods have been used to evaluate sinkhole risks, including destructive methods, such as Standard Penetrating Tests (SPT) and Cone Penetrating Tests (CPT), geophysical method, and sensor-based groundwater monitoring method. However, few studies are...
Show moreFlorida might be one of the most sinkhole-active areas on the earth. Due to its unpredictability and significance of occurrence, the development of sinkhole monitoring techniques is imperative to minimize sinkhole-induced hazards. Several methods have been used to evaluate sinkhole risks, including destructive methods, such as Standard Penetrating Tests (SPT) and Cone Penetrating Tests (CPT), geophysical method, and sensor-based groundwater monitoring method. However, few studies are available for comprehensive understanding of spatiotemporal sinkhole mechanism by combining different exploration methods under realistic experimental conditions. The objective of this study is to understand spatiotemporal sinkhole mechanism, using SPT, CPT, ground penetrating radar (GPR), and piezo pressure sensors tested at actual sinkhole sites. A small-scale test was conducted prior to the field test to validate data analysis technique using piezo pressure sensors, developed in this study. Eight piezo pressure sensors were used located at different distances from the sinkhole center to measure the ground water levels (GWLs) during artificially made sinkhole events. A total of 24 scaled tests was conducted with different sinkhole soil thickness and initial GWL. The cone of water depression was observed during the tests, which indicates there are strong relationship between sinkhole and sinkhole occurrence. A novel peak-counting method was developed and validated to estimate spatiotemporal relations of the relations between GWLs and sinkhole collapse patterns.The field test was conducted at an active sinkhole site in Lake county, Florida to determine locations of points of breach and to monitor fluctuation GWL over time. Twenty piezometer sensors were installed, and the GWLs were monitored for three months at 30-min sampling rate. The daily moving average of GWL was calculated and visualized in ArcGIS map to understand spatiotemporal behavior of GWL at different locations from sinkhole positions. The monitoring results were compared with CPT, SPT and GPR results that were conducted prior to the piezo sensor installations. Strong correlations were observed between CPT, SPT, GPR and GWL results. From the results, it can be concluded that size and shape of the cone of water depression depend on dimensions of point discharges and properties of surrounding soil.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006511, ucf:51383
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006511