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THE EFFECT OF COMBAT EXERCISES ON CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
Title
THE EFFECT OF COMBAT EXERCISES ON CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY.
Creator
Gantt, MeLisa, Sole, Mary Lou, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
PURPOSE: Hypertension (HTN) affects one in every three adults in the United States. Often associated with the older population, this silent killer has emerged in an unsuspecting group, young military soldiers. With the rapid succession of multiple deployments, long intervals between blood pressure (BP) assessments, and the absence of cardiovascular (CV) measures during the pre and post deployment health screenings; soldiers may be at higher risk for HTN than their civilian counterparts of the...
Show morePURPOSE: Hypertension (HTN) affects one in every three adults in the United States. Often associated with the older population, this silent killer has emerged in an unsuspecting group, young military soldiers. With the rapid succession of multiple deployments, long intervals between blood pressure (BP) assessments, and the absence of cardiovascular (CV) measures during the pre and post deployment health screenings; soldiers may be at higher risk for HTN than their civilian counterparts of the same age. The purpose of this study was to explore real-time continuous CV measures of soldiers before, during, and after exposure to a simulated combat stressor as well as to assess which personal characteristics played a significant role. METHODS: Applying the Allostasis/Allostatic Load theoretical framework, a repeated measure quasi-experimental design was used to compare the CV measures of two groups: one exposed to a physical combat stressor (experimental) and the other exposed to a psychological combat stressor (control). A convenience sample of 60 college Army Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets were fitted with Tiba Medical Ambulo 2400 ambulatory BP monitors for 48 continuous hours. Several CV indices were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), paired t-test, and independent sample t-test. Four instruments (Participant Information Sheet, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Paintball Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and Army Physical Fitness Test) were used to assess which characteristics played the most significant role in the CV response. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics between the two 30-cadet groups were not statistically different, with the exception of deployment history (experimental = 4, control= 0). Hours after the stress exposure, subjects in the experimental group had a higher mean awake systolic blood pressure (SBP) when compared to the control group (113.76 mm Hg vs 102.98 mm Hg, p= 009). When assessing pre and post stressor morning BP surge and evening BP decline, the control group showed the biggest change. Significant bivariate correlations (p < .05) found that: Females consistently had higher pulse rates (PR) throughout each of the phases. Age positively correlated with elevated BP during the stressor, and increased morning BP surge post stressor. African Americans had higher sleep BPs pre stressor, and decreased SBP recovery post stressor; Hispanics had higher PRs during and after the stressor. Waist circumference positively correlated with elevated BP morning surge pre stressor but, body mass index (BMI) positively correlated with elevated BP morning surge post stressor as well as elevated BP during the stressor. Family history of HTN played no significant role; however, deployment history correlated with mean awake SBP post stressor. Trait anxiety scores negatively correlated with SBP recovery while state anxiety scores positively correlated with post stressor awake mean arterial pressure and evening SPB decline. Perceived stress during the stressor negatively correlated with post stressor SBP morning surge with females reporting higher anxiety and stress. Finally, Army Physical Fitness (APFT) total scores as well as APFT run scores negatively correlated with pre and post stressor sleep PRs. DISCUSSION/IMPLICATIONS: Age, female gender, African American descent, Hispanic ethnicity, waist circumference, BMI, previous deployment history, level of fitness and the psychological stress state during and after a stressor played significant roles in soldiersÂÂÂÂ' CV response. SBP was the most dynamic and informative of the CV indices and a psychological stressor was comparable to a physical stressor when observing the residual effect of stress. If a combat exercise was enough of a stressor to produce residual CV effects that lasted well into following morning, the residual effect of a lengthy strenuous deployment may be alarming. This study not only provided a snapshot of the CV health of incoming young soldiers, but also provided evidence to support policy change regarding the implementation of regular CV health assessments before and after deployment.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003390, ucf:48458
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003390
SODIUM (NA) LEVELS IN DRINKING WATER (H20) AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN
Title
SODIUM (NA) LEVELS IN DRINKING WATER (H20) AND DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN.
Creator
Schiffman, Sara, Bushy, Angeline, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This integrative review of the literature focused on sodium (Na) content in drinking water (H2O) supplies and the subsequent effect on blood pressure levels in children. Studies for this review were drawn from the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMED, Science and Technology Databases, PsychInfo, United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and EPA in Florida websites. Criterion for inclusion in the data base searches were hypertension, high blood pressure, sodium...
Show moreThis integrative review of the literature focused on sodium (Na) content in drinking water (H2O) supplies and the subsequent effect on blood pressure levels in children. Studies for this review were drawn from the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMED, Science and Technology Databases, PsychInfo, United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and EPA in Florida websites. Criterion for inclusion in the data base searches were hypertension, high blood pressure, sodium in drinking water, drinking water salinity, children or preg*. Subsequently, further article selection criteria included children (under 18 years of age)and published in the English language (N=59). Findings of the review as summarized in this thesis could guide nursing research, education, policy and practice related to primary, secondary and tertiary interventions associated with sodium levels in drinking as a contributing factor to blood pressure levels in children.
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Date Issued
2013
Identifier
CFH0004469, ucf:45123
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004469
DEMAND STUDY FOR DENTAL HYGIENE BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAM
Title
DEMAND STUDY FOR DENTAL HYGIENE BACHELOR DEGREE PROGRAM.
Creator
Driscoll, Annelise, Liberman, Aaron, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
The following is a study to determine if sufficient demand exists to start a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degree program in dental hygiene through a joint agreement for completion degrees between Valencia Community College and the University of Central Florida. To accomplish this objective two survey instruments were administered to randomly selected licensed dentists and dental hygienists in the state of Florida. Dental hygienists represented the potential student base for the...
Show moreThe following is a study to determine if sufficient demand exists to start a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degree program in dental hygiene through a joint agreement for completion degrees between Valencia Community College and the University of Central Florida. To accomplish this objective two survey instruments were administered to randomly selected licensed dentists and dental hygienists in the state of Florida. Dental hygienists represented the potential student base for the proposed programs, and dentists represented the potential and prospective employers of graduated students of the proposed programs. To determine demand and demand characteristics, one survey instrument was mailed to 1,000 dental hygienists who were randomly selected using SAS software from a population of N=12,066 dental hygienists actively licensed to practice in the state of Florida. This sample of hygienists was approximately 8.3% of the total population. Of the 1,000 samples, 134 (or 13.4%) were returned. Of the 134 surveys returned, 123 (n=123) were included in this study. Eleven surveys were not included because of a majority of missing data or because the respondent indicated he or she already possessed a Bachelor or Master degree. A Likert-scale questionnaire was sent to each group of actively licensed dentists and actively licensed dental hygienists from the state of Florida. Responses from dental hygienists were overwhelmingly positive towards the addition of the Bachelor of Science degree program with an online distance-learning component. Those in favor of the Bachelor of Science degree program also provided a favorable response towards adding a Master of Science degree program in dental hygiene. The dentists, as potential future employers, also showed strong support in their responses for the additional degree programs with an additional management track component and believed it would elevate the professional standards of the dental hygiene field.
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Date Issued
2009
Identifier
CFE0002842, ucf:48048
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002842