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EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS ON THE REDUCTION IN INCIDENCE OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PREMATURE ([less than]37 WEEKS GESTATION) NEONATES
Title
EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS ON THE REDUCTION IN INCIDENCE OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN PREMATURE ([less than]37 WEEKS GESTATION) NEONATES.
Creator
Cox, Makenzie, Covelli, Maureen, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Problem: Necrotizing Enerocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), affecting 7% to 14% of premature neonates weighing less than 1500g (Lin et al., 2008). Healthcare costs for the treatment of NEC account for roughly 20% of the 5 billion dollars spent on infants in the NICU annually (Gephart, McGrath, Effken and Halpern, 2012). Nutritional supplements, such as probiotics, may be used prophylactically to prevent NEC in this...
Show moreProblem: Necrotizing Enerocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), affecting 7% to 14% of premature neonates weighing less than 1500g (Lin et al., 2008). Healthcare costs for the treatment of NEC account for roughly 20% of the 5 billion dollars spent on infants in the NICU annually (Gephart, McGrath, Effken and Halpern, 2012). Nutritional supplements, such as probiotics, may be used prophylactically to prevent NEC in this high-risk population. Objective: A literature review was performed to examine which strains of probiotics show the most potential in reducing the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. Method: A literature review was performed using CINAHL, Science Citation Index, Science Direct, Medline, Academic One file, PsychINFO, and PUBMED databases. Key words included enterocolitis, Necrotizing*/PC OR NEC* AND probiotics*. After applying exclusion criteria, 9 articles remained for this review. Results: A variety of probiotic strains used to reduce the incidence of NEC were identified, along with inconsistent times of initiation, number of colony forming units and length of treatment. The most commonly studied probiotic strains include Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium species, and Saccharomyces species. After detailed analysis, it appears that a combination of Bifidobacterium species and Lactobacillus species reduce the incidence of NEC from an 8% (Fern�ndez-Carrocera et. al, 2013) reduction up to 100% reduction in the incidence of NEC (Braga, Pontes da Silva, Cabral de Lira, and Lima, 2011). These two species, when combined, were more successful when compared to Saccharomyces species or Lactobacillus species alone. Conclusion: Although there is positive support for the proactive use of probiotics for the reduction of the incidence of NEC in premature neonates, the inconsistencies between studies are a barrier for determination of a specific treatment recommendation. Although the combination of Bifidobacterium species and Lactobacillus species has been shown to have an impact on the reduction of NEC incidence, the research inconsistencies provide a barrier to generalizations for treatment. Additional research that focus on Bifidobactrium species in combination with Lactobacillus species is needed. Furthermore, the use of probiotics as a preventative treatment for NEC has not been thoroughly researched in extremely premature infant populations (gestation). Therefore, although the results are promising, further research is needed before this can be determined as a safe preventative method. The current questions remaining include: when prophylactic treatment should be initiated, how long prophylactic treatment should last, the number of colony forming units to be administered, and what is the long-term impact of probiotic administration on the normal gut flora, if any.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFH2000055, ucf:45537
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000055
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTING ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA AND CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE IN LONG TERM CARE
Title
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROBIOTICS IN PREVENTING ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA AND CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE IN LONG TERM CARE.
Creator
Edwards-Marshall, Marva, Wink, Dianne, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Purpose: Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and clostridium-difficile diarrhea (CDAD) are the most common forms of infectious diarrhea in long term care facilities. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing AAD and CDAD in the long term care geriatric population, and to identify interventions which can be used to improve clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The study population consisted of residents of a LTC...
Show morePurpose: Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and clostridium-difficile diarrhea (CDAD) are the most common forms of infectious diarrhea in long term care facilities. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of probiotics in preventing AAD and CDAD in the long term care geriatric population, and to identify interventions which can be used to improve clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The study population consisted of residents of a LTC facility who were sixty-five years of age and older who were administered antibiotic therapies with or without co-administration of probiotics. A data collection instrument which was created for this study was piloted prior to its use in the study. Chi-square test of independence and CochranÂÂ's Q were the proposed statistical analysis procedures used to determine relationships between variables. Results: Eighty-three residents received antibiotics. In the forty-four residents who were administered probiotic with antibiotic, five cases of diarrhea were reported. In the thirty-nine residents who received antibiotics without probiotics, two cases of diarrhea were reported. Analysis with chi-square test of independence comparing the relationship between antibiotic administration with and without probiotic and AAD prevention, was (X²(1) =1.041, p=0.308). No cases of CDAD were found in the group who received antibiotic (s) and a probiotic. One case of CDAD was found in the group which received no probiotic with the antibiotic. Analysis with chi-square test of independence comparing the relationship between antibiotic administration with or without probiotic and CDAD prevention was (X²(1) =1.142, p=0.285). Discussion/Implication: The results of this study showed no statistically significant evidence to support the effectiveness of probiotic use in the prevention of AAD or CDAD in this population. The incidence of AAD was higher in the group who received a probiotic at the time of antibiotic administration.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003281, ucf:48532
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003281