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THE INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL SELECTION ON BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN MALE CAPE GROUND SQUIRRELS (XERUS INAURIS)
Title
THE INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL SELECTION ON BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN MALE CAPE GROUND SQUIRRELS (XERUS INAURIS).
Creator
Manjerovic, Mary, Waterman, Jane, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Sexual selection is considered a powerful evolutionary force responsible for the enormous diversity found in reproductive morphology, physiology, and behavior. I addressed questions related to selection in the Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris), a species characterized as highly social and promiscuous. These attributes often are responsible for variance in male reproductive success and as such, sexual selection theory predicts increased opportunity for sexual selection. I confirm that the...
Show moreSexual selection is considered a powerful evolutionary force responsible for the enormous diversity found in reproductive morphology, physiology, and behavior. I addressed questions related to selection in the Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris), a species characterized as highly social and promiscuous. These attributes often are responsible for variance in male reproductive success and as such, sexual selection theory predicts increased opportunity for sexual selection. I confirm that the predominant mechanism underlying genital evolution and competition for paternity in X. inauris is sperm competition. I find evidence that investment in sperm competition is costly and may reflect immunocompetence. I quantify reproductive success as it relates to alternative male tactics and female resource distribution. I find that male X. inauris alternative reproductive tactics differ within and across populations most likely due to differences in female resource distribution. In areas where females are evenly distributed, dispersed males encounter more estrous females, and therefore have increased breeding opportunities. However, the decision to remain natal does not preclude reproduction. I determine that these tactics are most likely conditional with equal fitness payoffs. Males, regardless of tactic, invest more in post-copulatory competition (e.g. sperm competition, copulatory plugs) than males within a population with a clustered distribution of breeding females. In the latter area, males form dominance hierarchies that affect copulatory success and lead to greater skews in reproduction among males. Both sites have evidence of a highly skewed variance in reproduction and intense sexual selective pressure. My results suggest these populations have increased opportunities for selection but that different mechanisms of intrasexual competition may result in rapid evolutionary change within this species.
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Date Issued
2010
Identifier
CFE0003400, ucf:48402
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003400
THE PASTEL MEDIUM: COMMUNICATING SEXUALITY AND PROMISCUITY IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY PARIS
Title
THE PASTEL MEDIUM: COMMUNICATING SEXUALITY AND PROMISCUITY IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY PARIS.
Creator
Benartzy, Adee, Colon Mendoza, Ilenia, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Throughout the history of art, the pastel medium has been considered a medium of secondary interest. Despite its pulsating textures, vibrant colors, and unique receptivity to touch, this medium has been recognized above all for its swiftness in stroke and subsequent ability of the artist to record images of fleeting moments and ideas almost instantaneously. The focus on the advantageous rapidity of the pastel, however, hindered the pastel medium's potential as a mere preliminary technique to...
Show moreThroughout the history of art, the pastel medium has been considered a medium of secondary interest. Despite its pulsating textures, vibrant colors, and unique receptivity to touch, this medium has been recognized above all for its swiftness in stroke and subsequent ability of the artist to record images of fleeting moments and ideas almost instantaneously. The focus on the advantageous rapidity of the pastel, however, hindered the pastel medium's potential as a mere preliminary technique to working with grander mediums, such as oil paint, thus failing to recognize the prominence of pastel in capturing character. This research endeavor focuses on a very specific era with comparably high usage of pastel - late nineteenth-century Paris - and the distinctive characteristic that defines said era - the hyper-sexuality of the Parisian prostitute. The eminent presence of prostitution and the consequential iconography of female sexuality in late nineteenth-century Paris defined the world of French Bohemia and seeped into the artistic exchange of the era. Although holding a traditionally subsidiary position to other historically primary mediums, the pastel medium prevailed in communicating the sexuality, sensuality, and promiscuity of the sinful female in Paris at the close of the century. The pastel works of prominent artists in the nightlife milieu such as Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Edgar Degas which revolve around the theme of prostitution serve as key illustrations of the distinctive ability of the ephemeral medium to capture the mood and personality - and therefore the sensual quintessence - of its subject. Through contextual and visual analysis, this research endeavor thus ultimately aims to lift the traditionally secondary pastel medium to one of impressive proportions, emphasizing its unique advantages and raising its overall credence.
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Date Issued
2012
Identifier
CFH0004230, ucf:44904
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004230