Current Search:  schizophrenia (x)

View All Items

  • CSV Spreadsheet
(1 - 9 of 9)
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN UNIRHINAL OLFACTORY PROCESSING AND SELF-REPORTED EMPATHY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Title
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN UNIRHINAL OLFACTORY PROCESSING AND SELF-REPORTED EMPATHY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.
Creator
Kamath, Vidyulata, Bedwell, Jeffrey, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Empathy represents one multifaceted component of social cognition that is thought to be significantly impaired in individuals with schizophrenia. Psychophysical tasks of smell identification and hedonic processing of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors share common neural networks involved in empathy. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between odor identification, odor ratings, and self-reported empathy in 25 outpatients with schizophrenia and 25 nonpsychiatric individuals. Group...
Show moreEmpathy represents one multifaceted component of social cognition that is thought to be significantly impaired in individuals with schizophrenia. Psychophysical tasks of smell identification and hedonic processing of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant odors share common neural networks involved in empathy. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between odor identification, odor ratings, and self-reported empathy in 25 outpatients with schizophrenia and 25 nonpsychiatric individuals. Group differences on empathy scores and unirhinal smell identification performance (with hedonic and intensity ratings) were examined, along with the relationships between smell identification scores, self-reported empathy, and schizophrenia symptomatology. The preliminary findings suggest that individuals with schizophrenia display significant differences from controls on measures of self-reported empathy, odor identification, and hedonic ratings of odors. Deficits in self-reported global and affective empathy were influenced by group and sex, whereas cognitive empathy was reduced across all patients in comparison to controls. Patients displayed reduced unirhinal odor identification accuracy for pleasant but not neutral or unpleasant odors in comparison to controls. Central to the overall aim of the current study, a robust positive correlation was observed between left- and right-nostril hedonic ratings for pleasant odors and self-reported global and affective empathy scores across all participants. In patients, we also found a statistical trend between affective empathy and left-nostril identification accuracy across all odors. Collectively, the results lend support to the role of olfactory-limbic brain regions in the hedonic processing of odors and suggest that aberrant performance observed in schizophrenia may be related to abnormalities in the anatomical and physiological substrates that also subserve empathy.
Show less
Date Issued
2009
Identifier
CFE0002759, ucf:48132
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002759
Autobiographical Memory and Theory of Mind in Schizotypy
Title
Autobiographical Memory and Theory of Mind in Schizotypy.
Creator
Deptula, Andrew, Bedwell, Jeffrey, Beidel, Deborah, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit marked impairments on tasks assessing theory of mind (ToM) and autobiographical memory (AM) qualities, and preliminary research has indicated a positive link between these abilities. This study is the first to systematically explore this relationship in the related personality trait of schizotypy. In a study of 47 undergraduate students (23 males) reporting a wide continuous range of schizotypy, we found that females, but not males, exhibited a negative...
Show moreIndividuals with schizophrenia exhibit marked impairments on tasks assessing theory of mind (ToM) and autobiographical memory (AM) qualities, and preliminary research has indicated a positive link between these abilities. This study is the first to systematically explore this relationship in the related personality trait of schizotypy. In a study of 47 undergraduate students (23 males) reporting a wide continuous range of schizotypy, we found that females, but not males, exhibited a negative correlation between ToM and schizotypy, and an unexpected positive correlation between AM qualities and schizotypy. Factor score analysis within females indicated that disorganized schizotypy was the strongest correlate of both ToM (i.e., affective ToM; ability to infer emotions), and AM qualities (i.e., mental imagery vividness). Finally, independent of schizotypy and sex, ToM was negatively correlated with AM qualities. This negative association between ToM and AM as well as the positive relationship between schizotypy and AM (in females) distinguish findings in schizotypy from those in schizophrenia. Although, the qualities of AM in schizotypy are relatively unexplored in schizotypy, overlapping and AM-related constructs (e.g., mental image vividness, creativity) are enhanced in schizotypy. This phenomenon is theorized to occur due to a reduced latent inhibition process, which also reveals distinct patterns of sexual dimorphism in schizotypy. In sum, the current study found sex to be a critical variable in each hypothesis, demonstrating a unique pattern in females, but not males. It could be that distinct underlying mechanisms account for sex differences on ToM and AM tasks in schizophrenia-related disorders.
Show less
Date Issued
2013
Identifier
CFE0004671, ucf:49855
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004671
THE RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF AN OLFACTORY IDENTIFICATION DEFICIT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY FEATURES
Title
THE RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF AN OLFACTORY IDENTIFICATION DEFICIT IN INDIVIDUALS WITH SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY FEATURES.
Creator
Kamath, Vidyulata, Bedwell, Jeffrey, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Olfactory identification deficits have received recent attention as a potentially useful endophenotype for schizophrenia. Examination of this deficit in individuals with schizotypal personality features (SPF) offers an alternative approach to multiple confounds present when examining individuals with schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to compare the relative sensitivity of performance on measures of olfaction identification and sustained attention to the presence of SPF. Twenty...
Show moreOlfactory identification deficits have received recent attention as a potentially useful endophenotype for schizophrenia. Examination of this deficit in individuals with schizotypal personality features (SPF) offers an alternative approach to multiple confounds present when examining individuals with schizophrenia. The aim of the current study was to compare the relative sensitivity of performance on measures of olfaction identification and sustained attention to the presence of SPF. Twenty-six undergraduates were defined as having SPF based on scoring in the top 10% of the Abbreviated Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-B; mean age 19.6, SD = 1.1; 62% female). These individuals were compared to twenty-six controls (scoring lower than half a standard deviation above the mean; mean age 19.8, SD = 1.6; 62% female). All participants were administered the Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). In addition, participants were administered the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) and a six-minute degraded-stimuli Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Group differences in performance indices of the CPT did not approach statistical significance. Similarly, there were no statistically significant group differences for males or females in performance on the B-SIT. Correlational analyses examined cognitive performance with a dimension score derived by summing quantitative ratings from the SPD items on the SCID-II. The SPD dimension score showed a statistically significant positive correlation with several performance indices of the CPT, including omission errors (rs(52) = .51, p < .001) and commission errors (rs(52) = .38, p < .005). In contrast, the B-SIT scores were not correlated with the SPD dimension score for males or females. Contrary to our hypothesis, results from the current study suggest that olfactory identification deficits may not represent a robust endophenotype consistently found in samples with schizotypal personality features. With regard to sustained attention, our differential findings suggest that schizotypal traits may be more adequately assessed through an interview by trained clinicians who use clinical judgment to determine the presence of phenotypic aspects of SPD (e.g., SCID-II), rather than relying on self-report measures (e.g., SPQ-B). Implications as well as limitations and future directions of these findings are discussed.
Show less
Date Issued
2007
Identifier
CFE0001675, ucf:47211
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001675
AN EXPLORATION INTO THE PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Title
AN EXPLORATION INTO THE PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.
Creator
Michael-Samaroo, Kyndester I, Sugaya, Kimonobu, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
This research focuses on examining the neurological similarities between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder with psychotic features in order to compare the manifestations of psychosis in each disorder. Both disorders often involve symptoms of psychosis, although the overall disorders are very different from each other. The hypothesis for this research is that the neurological similarities between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder with psychotic features will provide...
Show moreThis research focuses on examining the neurological similarities between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder with psychotic features in order to compare the manifestations of psychosis in each disorder. Both disorders often involve symptoms of psychosis, although the overall disorders are very different from each other. The hypothesis for this research is that the neurological similarities between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder with psychotic features will provide researchers with the strategies needed to develop a treatment for psychotic symptoms. In order to test this hypothesis, five related studies were gathered for each disorder, and three studies were gathered for psychosis. These studies were then analyzed to pinpoint any similarities among factors for psychosis, and this analysis allowed for the determination of whether or not the hypothesis would be rejected. The results indicated that a lot of the similarities between the two disorders cannot be verified because of the lack of substantial research.
Show less
Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFH2000548, ucf:45669
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000548
CHILDHOOD CAT BITES AND DISORGANIZED SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOTYPY IN ADULTHOOD
Title
CHILDHOOD CAT BITES AND DISORGANIZED SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOTYPY IN ADULTHOOD.
Creator
Kolpakova, Jenya, Bedwell, Jeffrey, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
During recent years of schizophrenia research, many etiologies have been emphasized, some of them implicating infectious and autoimmune diseases. Many different infectious agents have been examined, but the root seems to stem from the secondary autoimmune deregulation, which can be caused by different infectious agents. Among the effects that autoimmune deregulation has on the body, one prominent effect is on the brain, resulting in either severe or mild encephalitis. The mild encephalitis...
Show moreDuring recent years of schizophrenia research, many etiologies have been emphasized, some of them implicating infectious and autoimmune diseases. Many different infectious agents have been examined, but the root seems to stem from the secondary autoimmune deregulation, which can be caused by different infectious agents. Among the effects that autoimmune deregulation has on the body, one prominent effect is on the brain, resulting in either severe or mild encephalitis. The mild encephalitis that has been implicated as one of the causes of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders has been associated with different pathogens, many of which can be transmitted by the household cat. Thus in the present research we have used the schizotypy personality construct model as an analog for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and the relationship between current schizotypy and childhood household cat interactions were examined. An online questionnaire was completed by 356 undergraduate students and assessed the current schizotypy using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief Revised (SPQ-BR), as well as questions about cat ownership and cat bites (puncturing skin) prior to age 13. While no significant relationship was found between childhood cat ownership and current schizotypy, individuals endorsing a cat bite prior to age 13 (N = 66) reported a significantly higher level of current overall schizotypy, which was largely driven by the Disorganized factor of the SPQ-BR.. This relationship should be explored further by examining the antibodies and sera of individuals with the schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Show less
Date Issued
2013
Identifier
CFH0004374, ucf:45024
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004374
Characterization of neural cells derived from reelin-deficient schizophrenic patient iPS cells
Title
Characterization of neural cells derived from reelin-deficient schizophrenic patient iPS cells.
Creator
Roberts, Nicole, Sugaya, Kiminobu, Ebert, Steven, Masternak, Michal, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Reelin is a large, extracellular glycoprotein that binds to several membrane receptors on neural stem cells (HNSCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and neuroblasts of mammals to direct their migration. Previously, our lab established the presence of Reelin increased migration of wild-type fetal-derived HNSC's, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that Reelin protein treatment also increases the formation of radial glia via Notch-1 signaling, in vitro. Radial glia are...
Show moreReelin is a large, extracellular glycoprotein that binds to several membrane receptors on neural stem cells (HNSCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and neuroblasts of mammals to direct their migration. Previously, our lab established the presence of Reelin increased migration of wild-type fetal-derived HNSC's, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrated that Reelin protein treatment also increases the formation of radial glia via Notch-1 signaling, in vitro. Radial glia are precursors to NPCs, as well as a scaffold for neuroblast migration during cortical lamination. Reelin has long been associated with Schizophrenia (SZ). Because post-mortem brains are limited to describing the end-point of the disease, heterozygous haplodeficient Reelin knock-out (Reeler) mice are used to model developmental aspects of SZ in vivo. However, SZ is a complex, polyfactoral disease with a myriad of dysfunctional pathways that may have unforeseen effects on Reelin signaling. K. Brennand et al. (2014) reported low Reelin mRNA expression and cellular characteristics mirroring the Reeler mouse in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived NPCs and neurons from living SZ patients. Building upon this and our work with stem cells, here we consider Reelin's effects on migration of Reelin-deficient iPS cell-derived NPCs. Reelin treatment of consists of secreted Reelin from transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293) with the pCRL RELN gene-containing plasmid created by G. D'Arcangelo (1997) and given to us by T. Curran. Using the metric of cellular migration, this is the first time it have been shown that SZ iNPCs are capable of receiving and reacting to extracellular Reelin. Due to our validation of this model, further work using iPS cell-derived neural cells can confidently be used for future disease modeling and drug discovery of Reelin-deficient SZ.
Show less
Date Issued
2018
Identifier
CFE0007361, ucf:52091
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007361
A deep learning approach to diagnosing schizophrenia
Title
A deep learning approach to diagnosing schizophrenia.
Creator
Barry, Justin, Valliyil Thankachan, Sharma, Gurupur, Varadraj, Jha, Sumit Kumar, Ewetz, Rickard, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
In this article, the investigators present a new method using a deep learning approach to diagnose schizophrenia. In the experiment presented, the investigators have used a secondary dataset provided by National Institutes of Health. The aforementioned experimentation involves analyzing this dataset for existence of schizophrenia using traditional machine learning approaches such as logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest. This is followed by application of deep...
Show moreIn this article, the investigators present a new method using a deep learning approach to diagnose schizophrenia. In the experiment presented, the investigators have used a secondary dataset provided by National Institutes of Health. The aforementioned experimentation involves analyzing this dataset for existence of schizophrenia using traditional machine learning approaches such as logistic regression, support vector machine, and random forest. This is followed by application of deep learning techniques using three hidden layers in the model. The results obtained indicate that deep learning provides state-of-the-art accuracy in diagnosing schizophrenia. Based on these observations, there is a possibility that deep learning may provide a paradigm shift in diagnosing schizophrenia.
Show less
Date Issued
2019
Identifier
CFE0007429, ucf:52737
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007429
Visual Scanpath Training for Facial Affect Recognition in a Psychiatric Sample
Title
Visual Scanpath Training for Facial Affect Recognition in a Psychiatric Sample.
Creator
Chan, Chi, Bedwell, Jeffrey, Cassisi, Jeffrey, Sims, Valerie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Social cognition is essential for functional outcome and quality of life in psychiatric patients. Facial affect recognition (FAR), a domain of social cognition, is impaired in many patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. There is evidence that abnormal visual scanpath patterns may underlie FAR deficits, and metacognitive factors may impact task performance. The present study aimed to develop a brief, individually-administered, computerized training program to normalize scanpath...
Show moreSocial cognition is essential for functional outcome and quality of life in psychiatric patients. Facial affect recognition (FAR), a domain of social cognition, is impaired in many patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. There is evidence that abnormal visual scanpath patterns may underlie FAR deficits, and metacognitive factors may impact task performance. The present study aimed to develop a brief, individually-administered, computerized training program to normalize scanpath patterns in order to improve FAR in patient with a psychosis history or bipolar I disorder. The program was developed using scanpath data from 19 nonpsychiatric controls (NC) while they completed a FAR tasks that involved identification of mild or extreme intensity happy, sad, angry, and fearful faces, and a neutral expression. Patients were randomized to a waitlist (WG; n = 16) or training group (TG; n = 18). Both patient groups completed a baseline FAR task (T0), the training (or a repeated FAR task as a control for WG; T1), and a post-training FAR task (T2). Patients evaluated their own performance and eyetracking data were recorded. Results indicated that the patient groups did not differ from NC on FAR performance, metacognitive accuracy, or scanpath patterns at T0. TG was compliant with the training program and showed changes in scanpath patterns during T1, but returned to baseline scanpath patterns at T2. WG and TG did not differ at T2 on FAR performance, metacognitive accuracy, or scanpath patterns. Across both patient groups, FAR performance for mild intensity emotions were more sensitive to the effect of time than for extreme intensity emotions. Exploratory analysis showed that at baseline, greater severity of negative symptoms was associated with poorer metacognitive accuracy (i.e., accuracy in their evaluation of their performance). Limitations to the study and future directions are discussed.
Show less
Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006280, ucf:51613
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006280
Declarative Memory, Theory of Mind, and Community Functioning in Schizophrenia
Title
Declarative Memory, Theory of Mind, and Community Functioning in Schizophrenia.
Creator
Deptula, Andrew, Bedwell, Jeffrey, Paulson, Daniel, Sims, Valerie, Fiore, Stephen, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Cognitive impairments are highly prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia and are now considered hallmark features of the disorder. Over the past decade, considerable evidence has demonstrated the functional significance of social and nonsocial cognitive impairments in individuals with schizophrenia. However, the nature of the relationship between specific domains of social and nonsocial cognition and how they relate to functional outcome in this population is less clear. In particular,...
Show moreCognitive impairments are highly prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia and are now considered hallmark features of the disorder. Over the past decade, considerable evidence has demonstrated the functional significance of social and nonsocial cognitive impairments in individuals with schizophrenia. However, the nature of the relationship between specific domains of social and nonsocial cognition and how they relate to functional outcome in this population is less clear. In particular, declarative memory impairment has been suggested to have critical consequences for the everyday life of individuals with schizophrenia and may play a role in their social integration difficulties. Preliminary evidence also indicates that theory of mind (ToM) may be an important intermediary between nonsocial cognition and functional outcome. The current study aimed to better understand the relationships between declarative memory, ToM, and functional outcome in individuals with schizophrenia.
Show less
Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006096, ucf:51207
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006096