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Optical Parity Time Metasurface Structures
Title
Optical Parity Time Metasurface Structures.
Creator
El Halawany, Ahmed, Christodoulides, Demetrios, Rahman, Talat, Peale, Robert, Likamwa, Patrick, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
In the last few years, optics has witnessed the emergence of two fields namely metasurfaces and parity-time (PT) symmetry. Optical metasurfaces are engineered structures that provide unique responses to electromagnetic waves, absent in natural materials. Optical metasurfaces are known for their reduced dimensionality i.e. subwavelength and consequently lower losses are anticipated. The other paradigm is the PT symmetric materials, also known as photonic synthetic matter. PT symmetry has...
Show moreIn the last few years, optics has witnessed the emergence of two fields namely metasurfaces and parity-time (PT) symmetry. Optical metasurfaces are engineered structures that provide unique responses to electromagnetic waves, absent in natural materials. Optical metasurfaces are known for their reduced dimensionality i.e. subwavelength and consequently lower losses are anticipated. The other paradigm is the PT symmetric materials, also known as photonic synthetic matter. PT symmetry has emerged from quantum mechanics when a new class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian quantum systems was highlighted to have real eigenvalues, hence eradicating Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian as an essential condition to the existence of real eigenvalues.The first half of the thesis is focused on the experimental and numerical realization of PT symmetric metasurfaces. A systematic methodology is developed to implement this class of metasurfaces in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional geometries. In two dimensional systems, PT symmetry can be established by employing either H-like diffractive elements or diatomic oblique Bravais lattices. It is shown that the passive PT symmetric metasurfaces can be utilized to appropriately engineer the resulting far-field characteristics. Such PT-symmetric structures are capable of eliminating diffraction orders in specific directions, while maintaining or even enhancing the remaining orders. Later, it is shown a first ever attempt of PT metasurface fabricated on a flexible polymer (polyimide) substrate. The studied PT metasurface exhibits the ability to direct light, i.e. Poynting vector in a desired direction. Herein, the light scattered from the fabricated device in the undesired direction is attenuated by at least an order of magnitude. The proposed PT symmetric metasurface is essentially diatomic Honeycomb Bravais lattice, where both the passive and lossy elements exist side by side on each site separated by 50 nm. The unidirectionality of the studied metasurface is not limited to a single wavelength, on the contrary, it is observed to be effective on the entire visible band (400 (-) 600 nm). The PT symmetric meatsurface is also fabricated on a high strength substrate; sapphire (Al2O3). An excellent agreement between the experimental and numerical (COMSOL) results is found for both substrates. Customized modifications to the current design can open avenues to study the unidirectionality of metasurfaces to different optical bands, for example IR.The second part of the thesis deals with the theoretical modeling of the dynamics of an electron that gets trapped by means of decoherence and quantum interference in the central quantum dot (QD) of a semiconductor nanoring (NR) made of five QDs, between 100 and 300 K. The electron's dynamics is described by a master equation with a Hamiltonian based on the tight-binding model, taking into account electron(-)LO phonon interaction. Based on this configuration, the probability to trap an electron with no decoherence is almost 27%. In contrast, the probability to trap an electron with decoherence is 70% at 100 K, 63% at 200 K and 58% at 300 K. Our model provides a novel method of trapping an electron at room temperature.This setup is then used to propose a theoretical model for an electrically driven single photon source operating at high temperatures. It is shown that the decoherence, which is usually the main obstacle for operating single photon sources at high temperatures, ensures an efficient operation of the presented electrically driven single photon source at high temperatures. The single-photon source is driven by a single electron source attached to a heterostructure semiconductor nanoring. The electron's dynamics in the nanoring and the subsequent recombination with the hole is described by the generalized master equation with a Hamiltonian based on tight-binding model, taking into account the electron-LO phonon interaction. As a result of decoherence, an almost 100% single photon emission with a strong antibunching behavior i.e. g(2)(0) (<)(<) 1 at high temperature up to 300 K is achieved.
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Date Issued
2016
Identifier
CFE0006454, ucf:51421
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006454
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE NEAR FIELD SPONTANEOUS CREATION OF PHOTONIC STATES COUPLED TO FEW LEVEL SYSTEMS
Title
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE NEAR FIELD SPONTANEOUS CREATION OF PHOTONIC STATES COUPLED TO FEW LEVEL SYSTEMS.
Creator
Tafur, Sergio, Leuenberger, Michael, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description
Models of the spontaneous emission and absorption of photons coupled to the electronic states of quantum dots, molecules, N-V (single nitrogen vacancy) centers in diamond, that can be modeled as artificial few level atoms, are important to the development of quantum computers and quantum networks. A quantum source modeled after an effective few level system is strongly dependent on the type and coupling strength the allowed transitions. These selection rules are subject to the Wigner-Eckert...
Show moreModels of the spontaneous emission and absorption of photons coupled to the electronic states of quantum dots, molecules, N-V (single nitrogen vacancy) centers in diamond, that can be modeled as artificial few level atoms, are important to the development of quantum computers and quantum networks. A quantum source modeled after an effective few level system is strongly dependent on the type and coupling strength the allowed transitions. These selection rules are subject to the Wigner-Eckert theorem which specifies the possible transitions during the spontaneous creation of a photonic state and its subsequent emission. The model presented in this dissertation describes the spatio-temporal evolution of photonic states by means of a Dirac-like equation for the photonic wave function within the region of interaction of a quantum source. As part of this aim, we describe the possibility to shift from traditional electrodynamics and quantum electrodynamics, in terms of electric and magnetic fields, to one in terms of a photonic wave function and its operators. The mapping between these will also be presented herein. It is further shown that the results of this model can be experimentally verified. The suggested method of verification relies on the direct comparison of the calculated density matrix or Wigner function, associated with the quantum state of a photon, to ones that are experimentally reconstructed through optical homodyne tomography techniques. In this non-perturbative model we describe the spontaneous creation of photonic state in a non-Markovian limit which does not implement the Weisskopf-Wigner approximation. We further show that this limit is important for the description of how a single photonic mode is created from the possibly infinite set of photonic frequencies $\nu_k$ that can be excited in a dielectric-cavity from the vacuum state. We use discretized central-difference approximations to the space and time partial derivatives, similar to finite-difference time domain models, to compute these results. The results presented herein show that near field effects need considered when describing adjacent quantum sources that are separated by distances that are small with respect to the wavelength of their spontaneously created photonic states. Additionally, within the future scope of this model,we seek results in the Purcell and Rabi regimes to describe enhanced spontaneous emission events from these few-level systems, as embedded in dielectric cavities. A final goal of this dissertation is to create novel computational and theoretical models that describe single and multiple photon states via single photon creation and annihilation operators.
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Date Issued
2011
Identifier
CFE0003881, ucf:48739
Format
Document (PDF)
PURL
http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003881