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Title: EVALUATION OF PROPRIETARY STORMWATER TREATMENT DEVICESIN FIELD AND LABORATORY CONDITIONS.
Creator: Romah, Saheeda, Nnadi, Ola, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Proper stormwater management acknowledges both water quantity and water quality. Historically, stormwater quantity and quality have been separately considered; runoff was routed as quickly as possible into the nearest body of water. Although this alleviates potential flooding concerns, water quality is often compromised. Common stormwater quality problems include gross pollutants, sediment, nutrients, and heavy metals. The chronic elevated presence of these pollutants is detrimental to the...
Show moreProper stormwater management acknowledges both water quantity and water quality. Historically, stormwater quantity and quality have been separately considered; runoff was routed as quickly as possible into the nearest body of water. Although this alleviates potential flooding concerns, water quality is often compromised. Common stormwater quality problems include gross pollutants, sediment, nutrients, and heavy metals. The chronic elevated presence of these pollutants is detrimental to the environment. As a result, the government has passed legislature to protect waterways. The passage of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requires that municipalities implement stormwater treatment techniques, known as Best Management Practices (BMPs). Unfortunately, the NPDES document suggests treatment to the maximum extent possible, a vague description at best. This thesis reports a two-part study that endeavors to evaluate three of these proprietary treatment units manufactured by Stormceptor, BaySaver Separation Systems, and Continuous Deflective Separator (CDS) Technologies, Inc. to determine their performances. Each manufacturer produces a separator system that physically removes contaminants through the use of hydrodynamic flow principles. Phase I of the study focuses on monitoring two Stormceptor units and a CDS device in field conditions, while the second phase of the study evaluates each of the three treatment systems under laboratory conditions. The data analyses from the field study show the importance of proper maintenance. Storm events monitored after sump material removal showed great improvement over storm events occurring some time after the sump material removal. Furthermore, the treatment devices show a greater ability to remove pollutants from smaller storm events when compared with larger storm events. It is suggested that large storms cause scour of sediment previously trapped within the sump of the devices. An increase in the total suspended solid and nutrient concentrations, which were higher than the influent concentrations, was observed in both the field and laboratory studies. This could be explained by the fact that organics trapped by the treatment system decompose over time, therefore producing nutrient-rich water in the sump of the devices with higher concentration than the subsequent storm events. Some results are close to the minimum detection limit of the parameters being tested and small differences between influent and effluent load exaggerate the percent load differences. Consequently, there is little statistical significance between influent and effluent data, thus the data are summarized utilizing two methods. The methods include graphical representation of concentration and percent load difference, a method that normalized storms based on event size. In addition, a mass balance of gross litter was performed during the laboratory study.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000703, ucf:46612
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000703

Title: NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM STORMWATER BY USING GREEN SORPTION MEDIA.
Creator: HOSSAIN, FAHIM, Chang, Dr. Ni-Bin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: High nitrogen and phosphorus content in storm water runoff has affected groundwater, springs and surface water by impacting ecosystem integrity and human health. Nitrate may be toxic and can cause human health problem such as methemoglobinemia, liver damage and even cancers. Phosphorus may trigger the eutrophication issues in fresh water bodies, which could result in toxic algae and eventually endanger the source of drinking waters. Sorption media with mixes of some recycled materials, such...
Show moreHigh nitrogen and phosphorus content in storm water runoff has affected groundwater, springs and surface water by impacting ecosystem integrity and human health. Nitrate may be toxic and can cause human health problem such as methemoglobinemia, liver damage and even cancers. Phosphorus may trigger the eutrophication issues in fresh water bodies, which could result in toxic algae and eventually endanger the source of drinking waters. Sorption media with mixes of some recycled materials, such as sawdust and tire crumb, combined with sand/silt and limestone, becomes appealing for nutrient removal in environmental management. This paper presented is a specific type of functionalized filtration media, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms with reaction kinetics for nutrient removal using a suite of batch tests represented. Pollutants of concern include ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate and total dissolved phosphorus. Application potential in storm water management facilities, such as dry ponds, is emphasized in terms of life expectancy and reaction kinetics. As compared to the natural soil that is selected as the control case in the column test, our green sorption media mixture is proved relatively effective in terms of removing most of the target pollutants under various influent waste loads.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: CFE0002370, ucf:47803
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002370

Title: EVALUATION OF TOXIC CYANOBACTERIA IN CENTRAL FLORIDA STORMWATER PONDS.
Creator: Miller, Robert, Wanielista, Martin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Algal blooms are a common occurrence in water bodies of all shapes and sizes throughout the United States and countries around the world. The State of Florida is no exception to this phenomenon. Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, have proven to be of special concern due to its proliferation and potential to produce toxins that are harmful to humans, livestock and wildlife. A casual drive along the roads and in the neighborhoods of central Florida will confirm algal conditions in many areas....
Show moreAlgal blooms are a common occurrence in water bodies of all shapes and sizes throughout the United States and countries around the world. The State of Florida is no exception to this phenomenon. Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, have proven to be of special concern due to its proliferation and potential to produce toxins that are harmful to humans, livestock and wildlife. A casual drive along the roads and in the neighborhoods of central Florida will confirm algal conditions in many areas. The potential for exposure to harmful and possibly fatal toxins associated with these algal blooms are becoming more evident as urban development progresses. Detailed studies have been previously performed for large lakes and rivers in the State of Florida, but no studies have been performed regarding stormwater ponds. Since stormwater ponds in residential neighborhoods are a common source for irrigation, research in this area is warranted due to the potential health effects associated with Cyanobacteria. This research was conducted to determine if Cyanobacteria does exist in stormwater ponds and to what extent. Cyanobacteria were found to be in stormwater ponds of various sizes, locations and watersheds in the central Florida area. Even though the algae and its associated toxins were encountered in the stormwater ponds evaluated for this study, the levels detected were much lower than the values discovered in previous studies performed in the larger lakes and rivers around the State.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000854, ucf:46656
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000854

Title: THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF GROUND RECYCLED AUTOMOBILE TIRES ON AQUATIC LIFE WITH MODEL SPECIES P. PROMELAS.
Creator: Baldassari, Trillian, Cooper, David, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Used tires have the potential for becoming popular in pollution control media used in stormwater applications including pervious pavement sub bases, green roof growth media, and upflow filters. Using tire crumb to decrease nutrients can minimize impacts on ecology while reducing the human footprint left by used tires. However, if tire crumb is not examined for toxicity, the ecological balance could unknowingly be disrupted. This research tested the acute toxicity of tire crumb in aquatic...
Show moreUsed tires have the potential for becoming popular in pollution control media used in stormwater applications including pervious pavement sub bases, green roof growth media, and upflow filters. Using tire crumb to decrease nutrients can minimize impacts on ecology while reducing the human footprint left by used tires. However, if tire crumb is not examined for toxicity, the ecological balance could unknowingly be disrupted. This research tested the acute toxicity of tire crumb in aquatic systems by finding the Lethal Concentration for 50% kill (LC50). Using an extreme tire crumb load, P. promelas (fathead minnow) were exposed to leachates created with tire crumb and several different types of water including distilled water, tap water, and detention pond water. For distilled and tap water, the addition of tire crumb increased the survival of P. promelas. For detention pond water, the addition of tire crumb decreased the survival of P. promelas, though only enough to find an LC50 for detention pond water influenced immediately by stormwater runoff. An LC50 was found when 100 percent tire crumb filtrate is prepared with 25 grams of tire crumb per liter of detention pond water collected directly after a storm. The LC50 found is resultant of a tire crumb load significantly higher than what can be expected in the environment. Based on this research, tire crumb is considered non-threatening to aquatic fish and safe to use with detention pond water.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: CFE0002282, ucf:47850
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002282

Title: REDUCING EFFLUENT PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS FROM A STORMWATER DETENTION POND USING A CHAMBER UPFLOW FILTER AND SKIMMER (CUFS) WITH BLACK AND GOLDTM MEDIA.
Creator: Ryan, Patrick, Chang, Ni-Bin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Stormwater runoff is a known pollutant source capable of causing surface water degradation, especially in highly populated areas such as Central Florida. Wet detention ponds manage this stormwater, but most of the ponds do not remove enough nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, to meet TMDL regulations. This research provides a possible addition to a detention pond in Seminole County, Florida using a Chamber Upflow Filter and Skimmer (CUFS), which can increase the removal of...
Show moreStormwater runoff is a known pollutant source capable of causing surface water degradation, especially in highly populated areas such as Central Florida. Wet detention ponds manage this stormwater, but most of the ponds do not remove enough nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, to meet TMDL regulations. This research provides a possible addition to a detention pond in Seminole County, Florida using a Chamber Upflow Filter and Skimmer (CUFS), which can increase the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by the system. Water enters the system through the skimmer, which floats on the surface of the detention pond. It travels from the skimmer to the bottom of the chamber, where heavier particles settle out before entering the upflow filter. The upflow filter contains twenty-four inches of Black and GoldTM media to remove nitrogen and phosphorus under anoxic conditions. Water flows up through the filter and out of the system, and eventually travels to Lake Jesup, a eutrophic lake. A total of twenty-eight storm events and seven baseflows were sampled from the site in Seminole County, and ten storm events were sampled from a pilot study CUFS. The results of this research show significant reductions by the Seminole County CUFS in turbidity, orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids when the means were compared at a 95% confidence interval. Reductions also occurred for total nitrogen, but could not be proved by the mean comparison. The pilot scale application of the CUFS significantly reduced total nitrogen at a 95% confidence interval.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: CFE0002235, ucf:47883
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002235

Title: Turbidity Removal Efficiency and Toxicity Issues Associated with the Chitosan-Based Dual Bio-Polymer Systems.
Creator: Hernandez, Rylee, Chopra, Manoj, Wanielista, Martin, Randall, Andrew, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Stormwater runoff can be a great concern in the State of Florida due to the impact the quality of the runoff water can have on the natural water bodies. Stormwater runoff can carry pollutants and sediments which can cause both physical and biological risks in an aquatic ecosystem such as a lake, river, or pond. Polymers, namely the chitosan-based dual polymer system, can be used remove the sediment from this runoff to ensure the safety of the state's water bodies. Three soils are used in this...
Show moreStormwater runoff can be a great concern in the State of Florida due to the impact the quality of the runoff water can have on the natural water bodies. Stormwater runoff can carry pollutants and sediments which can cause both physical and biological risks in an aquatic ecosystem such as a lake, river, or pond. Polymers, namely the chitosan-based dual polymer system, can be used remove the sediment from this runoff to ensure the safety of the state's water bodies. Three soils are used in this testing: AASTO soil classifications A-3(sandy soil) and A-2-4 (silty-sand), and a soil with a fine-grained limerock component. An optimum dose of the chitosan-based dual polymer system is first determined using jar testing. The optimum dose is the dose that reduces the final turbidity to 29 NTUS or below and creates significant flocs. The under dose and over dose are calculated based on the optimum dose. Using these dosages, field scale tests are conducted using two different treatment methods: a semi-passive treatment method and a passive treatment method. Whole effluent toxicity and residual chitosan tests are then conducted on the effluent from the field scale treatment methods. The passive treatment method is the best field scale treatment method when using the silty-sand and the soil with a fine-grained limerock component. The semi-passive treatment method is the best field scale treatment method when using the sandy soil. The passive treatment method with the silty-sand achieves a final turbidity of 123.9 NTUS (88.45% removal). The passive treatment method with the soil with a fine-grained limerock component achieves a final turbidity of 132 NTUS (83.86% removal). The semi-passive treatment method with the sandy soil achieves a final turbidity of 31.43 NTUS (82.04% removal). There is only significant toxicity associated with the tests using the effluent from the passive treatment method with the soil with a fine-grained limerock component which only uses the cationic polymer.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: CFE0004301, ucf:49482
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004301

Title: PERVIOUS CONCRETE: A HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS FOR STORMWATER MANAGEMENT CREDIT.
Creator: Spence, Joshua, Wanielista, Martin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Portland Cement pervious concrete's ability to permit water infiltration has encouraged its use as a stormwater management tool. However, the material has suffered historically poor support due to a number of factors, including failures due to poor mix design and improper construction techniques, concern about lesser structural strength, concern about poor long term performance due to clogging of surface pores and undefined credit for stormwater management. This study focuses on long term...
Show morePortland Cement pervious concrete's ability to permit water infiltration has encouraged its use as a stormwater management tool. However, the material has suffered historically poor support due to a number of factors, including failures due to poor mix design and improper construction techniques, concern about lesser structural strength, concern about poor long term performance due to clogging of surface pores and undefined credit for stormwater management. This study focuses on long term performances of pervious concrete parking lots and their stormwater management credit. Before stormwater management credit could be estimated, it was necessary to develop a testing device to gather information from existing pervious concrete parking lots currently in use. Eight parking lots were examined to determine the infiltration rates of the pervious concrete, as well as to verify the soil makeup beneath pavement. A total of 30 cores were extracted from pervious concrete parking lots and evaluated for infiltration rates. Three of the sites had a pervious concrete section that included a gravel reservoir. Infiltration rates were measured using the application of an embedded single-ring infiltrometer. In an attempt to provide an estimate of credit, a mass balance model was created to be used for simulation of the hydrologic and hydraulic function of pervious concrete sections. The purpose of the model is to predict runoff and recharge volumes for different rainfall conditions and hydraulic properties of the concrete and the soil. The field derived hydraulic data were used to simulate infiltration volumes and rainfall excess given a year of rainfall as used in a mass balance operated within a spreadsheet. The results can be used for assessing stormwater management credit.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001292, ucf:46883
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001292

Title: Green Technologies and Sensor Networks for BMP Evaluation in Stormwater Retention Ponds and Wetlands.
Creator: Crawford, Anthony, Chang, Ni-bin, Wanielista, Martin, Lee, Woo Hyoung, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The aim of this thesis is to examine and develop new techniques in stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) for nutrient and erosion reduction and monitoring by incorporation of low impact green technologies and sensor networks. Previous research has found excessive nutrient loading of nitrogen and phosphorus species from urban stormwater runoff can lead to ecological degradation and eutrophication of receiving lakes and rivers (Fareed and Abid, 2005). In response, the Florida Department of...
Show moreThe aim of this thesis is to examine and develop new techniques in stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) for nutrient and erosion reduction and monitoring by incorporation of low impact green technologies and sensor networks. Previous research has found excessive nutrient loading of nitrogen and phosphorus species from urban stormwater runoff can lead to ecological degradation and eutrophication of receiving lakes and rivers (Fareed and Abid, 2005). In response, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) has set forth reduction goals as established in Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) reports to reduce nutrient loading and restore, or maintain, Florida water bodies to reasonable conditions. Often times current stormwater management practices are not sufficient to attain these goals and further improvements in system design are required. In order to reach these goals, affordable technologies designed for both nutrient reduction and monitoring of system performance to deepen and improve our understanding of stormwater processes are required. Firstly this thesis examines the performance of three types of continuous-cycle Media Bed Reactors (MBRs) using Bio-activated Adsorptive Media (BAM) for nutrient reduction in three retention ponds located throughout the Central Florida region. Chapter 2 examines the use of a Sloped and Horizontal MBRs arranged in a baffling configuration, whereas Chapter 3 examines the field performance of a Floating MBR arranged in an upflow configuration. Each MBR was analyzed for performance in reducing total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrates + nitrites, turbidity and chlorophyll a species as measured from the influent to effluent ends of the MBR. The results of the experiments indicate that MBRs may be combined with retention ponds to provide (")green technology(") alternatives for inter-event treatment of nutrient species in urban stormwater runoff by use of recyclable sorption media and solar powered submersible pumps. Secondly the thesis focusses on three new devices for BMP monitoring which may be integrated into wireless networks, including a Groundwater Variable Probe (GVP) for velocity, hydraulic conductivity and dispersion measurements in a retention pond bank (Chapter 4), an affordable Wireless Automated Sampling Network (WASN) for sampling and analysis of nutrient flux gradients in retention ponds (Chapter 5), and finally an Arc-Type Automated Pulse Tracer Velocimeter (APTV) for low velocity and direction surface water measurements in retention ponds and constructed wetlands (Chapter 6). The GVP was integrated with other environmental sensing probes to create a remote sensing station, capable of real-time data analysis of sub-surface conditions including soil moisture, water table stage. Such abilities, when synced with user control capabilities, may help to increase methods of monitoring for applications including erosion control, bank stability predictions, monitoring of groundwater pollutant plume migration, and establishing hydraulic residence times through subsurface BMPs such as permeable reactive barriers. Advancement of this technology may be used by establishing additional sub-stations, thereby creating sensing networks covering broader areas on the kilometer scale. Two methods for velocity calculation were developed for the GVP for low flow (Pe (<) 0.2) and high flow (Pe (>) 0.6) conditions. The GVP was found to operate from a 26-505 cmd-1 range in the laboratory to within (&)#177;26% of expected velocities for high-flow conditions and effectively measure directional flow angles to within (&)#177;14? of expected. Hydraulic conductivity measurements made by the GVP were confirmed to within (&)#177;12% as compared to laboratory measurements. The GVP was found capable of measuring the dispersion coefficient in the laboratory, however turbulent interferences caused during injection was found to occur. Further advancement of the technology may be merited to improve dispersion coefficient measurements. Automated water sampling can provide valuable information of the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutant loading in surface water environments. This ability is expanded with the development of the WASN, providing an affordable, ease-of-use method compared to conventional automated water samplers currently on the market. The WASN was found to effectively operate by text activation via GSM cellular networks to an activation module. Propagation of the signal was distributed to collection units via XBee modules operating on point-to-point star communication using an IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Signal communications effectively transmitted in the field during a storm event to within a range of 200 feet and collected 50 (&)#177;4 ml samples at synced timed increments. A tracer study confirmed that no mixing of samples occurs when a factor of safety of 2 is applied to flush times. This technology provides similar abilities to current market devices at down to 10% of the cost, thereby allowing much more sampling locations for a similar budget. The Arc-Type APTV is useful in establishing both low range horizontal velocity fields and expanding low range velocity measurements below detection ranges of mechanical velocity meters. Installation of a field station showed system functionality, which may be integrated with other environmental sensing probes for surface water testing. This may assist in nutrient distribution analysis and understanding the complex behavior of hydraulic retention times within wetland systems. The device was found to work effectively in both lab and field environments from a 0.02 (-) 5.0 cms-1 range and measure velocity within approximately (&)#177;10% of an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and within an average of (&)#177;10? of directional measurements. A drop in accuracy was measured for velocity ranges (>)4.5 cms-1. The field station operated on 3G CDMA cellular network two-way communication by installation of a Raven cellular modem. Use of LoggerNet software allowed control and data acquisition from anywhere with an internet connection. This thesis also introduces brief discussions on expanding these (")point(") measurement technologies into sensing networks. Installation of sub-stations with communication protocols to one central master node station may broaden the sensing system into much larger kilometer-scale ranges, thus allowing large spatial analysis of environmental conditions. Such an integration into controllable sensing networks may help bridge the gap and add calibration and verification abilities between fine-resolution (")point(") measurements and large scale technologies such as Electrical Resistivity Tomography and satellite remote sensing. Furthermore, application of sensing networks may assist in calibration and verification of surface and groundwater models such as ModFlow, SVFlux and FEHM.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: CFE0005776, ucf:50066
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005776

Title: Chemophysical Characteristics and Application of Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) for Copper and Nutrient Removal in Stormwater Management.
Creator: Jones, Jamie, Chang, Ni-bin, Bohlen, Patrick, Wanielista, Martin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: For high groundwater table areas, stormwater wet detention ponds are utilized as the preferred stormwater management throughout the state of Florida. Previous research has found that accumulations of nutrients, algae, heavy metals, pesticides, chlorophyll a, fecal coliform bacteria and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) are common characteristics of stormwater wet detention ponds. Although these pollutant levels are not regulated within the ponds, states are required to compute the...
Show moreFor high groundwater table areas, stormwater wet detention ponds are utilized as the preferred stormwater management throughout the state of Florida. Previous research has found that accumulations of nutrients, algae, heavy metals, pesticides, chlorophyll a, fecal coliform bacteria and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) are common characteristics of stormwater wet detention ponds. Although these pollutant levels are not regulated within the ponds, states are required to compute the pollutant load reductions through total maximum daily load (TMDL) programs to meet the water quality requirements addressed by the Clean Water Act (CWA). In this study, field sampling data of stormwater ponds throughout Florida are presented to identify concentration levels of the main contaminants of concern in the discharge of wet detention ponds. Sampling was done to identify possible sources, in addition to possible removal mechanisms via the use of specific sorption media. Nutrients were found as a main problematic pollutant, of which orthophosphate, total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrate, and total nitrogen were targeted whereas heavy metals exhibited minor concerns. Accumulation of high nutrient concentrations may be mitigated by the adoption of best management practices (BMPs) utilizing biosorption activated media (BAM) to remove phosphorus and nitrogen species through physical, chemical, and biological processes. This study aims to increase overall scientific understanding of phosphorus removal dynamics in sorption media systems via Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and column studies. The removal of phosphorus (P) was proven effective primarily through chemophysical processes. The maximum orthophosphate adsorption capacities were determined under varying conditions of the media within the columns, which were found up to 0.000534 mg-P adsorbed per gram BAM with influent concentrations of 1 mg?L-1 orthophosphate in distilled water and 1 hour hydraulic residence time (HRT). When using spiked pond water under the same conditions, the adsorption capacity was increased about 30 times to 0.01507 mg-P?g-1 BAM presumably due to the properties and concentrations of ions affecting the diffusion rate regulating the surface orthophosphate reactions. These equilibrium media uptake values (q) were used to calculate the life expectancies of the media under varying HRT and influent concentrations of treatment. Chemophysical and biological removal capabilities of the media for total nitrogen, ammonia, and nitrate were effective in columns using 1100 g of BAM. In flow-through column conditions, ammonia had a consistent ~95% removal while effluent nitrate concentrations were highly variable due to the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification processes once an aerobic-anaerobic environment was established. Batch column experiments simulating no-flow conditions within a media bed reactor resulted in orthophosphate removals comparable with the continuous flow conditions, increased total phosphorus effluents indicative of chemical precipitation of orthophosphate, decreased ammonia removal, and increased nitrate removal. Due to a biofilm's sensitivity to even low copper concentrations and accumulation in ponds, a copper sorption media mix of (")green(") materials was generated. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm tests concluded a successful mix resulting in copper removal efficiencies up to 96%.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0005009, ucf:49995
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005009

Title: Functional Characterization of Green Sorption Media and Scaling of Pilot Studies for Copper Removal in Stormwater Runoff.
Creator: Houmann, Cameron, Chang, Ni-bin, Wanielista, Martin, Lee, Woo Hyoung, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Green adsorption media with the inclusion of renewable and recycled materials can be applied as a stormwater best management practice for copper removal. A green adsorption media mixture composed of recycled tire chunk, expanded clay aggregate, and coconut coir was physicochemically evaluated for its potential use in an upflow media filter. The results found that the use of the green adsorption media mixture in isolation or the coconut coir with an expanded clay filtration chamber could be an...
Show moreGreen adsorption media with the inclusion of renewable and recycled materials can be applied as a stormwater best management practice for copper removal. A green adsorption media mixture composed of recycled tire chunk, expanded clay aggregate, and coconut coir was physicochemically evaluated for its potential use in an upflow media filter. The results found that the use of the green adsorption media mixture in isolation or the coconut coir with an expanded clay filtration chamber could be an effective and reliable stormwater best management practice for copper removal. A suite of tests were conducted on the media mixture and the individual media components including studies of isotherm, reaction kinetics, column adsorption and reaction kinetics. Batch adsorption tests revealed that the media and media mixture follow both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models and that the coconut coir had the highest affinity for copper. A screening of desorbing agents revealed that hydrochloric acid has good potential for copper desorption, while batch tests for desorption with hydrochloric acid as the desorbing agent showed the data fit the Freundlich isotherm model. Reaction kinetics revealed that the adsorption reaction took less than 1 hour to reach equilibrium and that it followed pseudo-second order kinetics for the mixture and coconut. Desorption kinetic data had high correlation with the pseudo-second order model and revealed a rapid desorption reaction. Batch equilibrium data over 3 adsorption/desorption cycles found that the coconut coir and media mixture were the most resilient and demonstrated that they could be used through 3 or more adsorption/desorption cycles. The coconut coir also performed the best under dynamic conditions, having an equilibrium uptake of 1.63 mg?g-1, compared to 0.021 mg?g-1 at an influent concentration of 1.0 mg?L-1 and a hydraulic retention time of 30 minutes. A physical evaluation of the media found the macro-scale properties, such as particle size distribution and mass-volume relationships, and observed the micro-scale properties such as surface and pore microstructures, crystalline structures, and elemental composition. FE-SEM imaging found a strong correlation between the porosity of the micro pore structure and the adsorptive capacity. The equilibrium and dynamic adsorption testing results were confirmed by elemental analysis, which showed measureable quantities of copper in the coconut coir and media mixture after adsorption followed by partial desorption. A new scaling-up theory was developed through a joint consideration of the Damk(&)#246;hler and P(&)#233;clet numbers for a constant media particle size such that a balance between transport-controlled and reaction-controlled kinetics can be harmonized. A series of column breakthrough tests at varying hydraulic residence times revealed a clear peak adsorptive capacity for the media mixture at a Damk(&)#246;hler number of 2.7. The P(&)#233;clet numbers for the column breakthrough tests indicated that mechanical dispersion is an important effect that requires further consideration in the scaling-up process. However, perfect similitude of the Damk(&)#246;hler number cannot be maintained for a constant media particle size, and relaxation of hydrodynamic similitude through variation of the P(&)#233;clet number must occur.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: CFE0005630, ucf:50205
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005630

Title: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED GREEN ROOF STORMWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IRRIGATED WITH RECYCLED STORMWATER RUNOFF TO ACHIEVE POLLUTANT REMOVAL AND STORMWATER VOLUME REDUCTION.
Creator: Hardin, Michael, Wanielista, Marty, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: One of our greatest threats to surface-water quality is polluted stormwater runoff. In this research, investigated is the use of a green roof irrigated with recycled stormwater runoff to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff and reduce the volume of stormwater runoff leaving developed areas. The green roof properties of interest are the filtration and biological processes as well as the roof's ability to hold water and increase evapotranspiration, reducing the volume of stormwater...
Show moreOne of our greatest threats to surface-water quality is polluted stormwater runoff. In this research, investigated is the use of a green roof irrigated with recycled stormwater runoff to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff and reduce the volume of stormwater runoff leaving developed areas. The green roof properties of interest are the filtration and biological processes as well as the roof's ability to hold water and increase evapotranspiration, reducing the volume of stormwater runoff from the source. Because of the above mentioned reasons the experiment consists of a water quality analysis and a water budget done on several experimental chambers modeled after the green roof on the student union building at the University of Central Florida. The green roof chambers are used to study different types of growing media, different irrigation rates, and the addition of plants and how stormwater runoff quality and quantity is affected. There are also control chambers built to model the conventional roof on the student union building. The purpose of the control is to determine the effectiveness of the different media's filtration/adsorption processes and ability to hold water, in addition to identifying the benefits of adding a green roof to both water quality and the water budget. This research showed that a specifically designed green roof stormwater treatment system with a cistern is an effective way to reduce both the volume of and mass of pollutants of stormwater runoff. The year long water budget showed that this system can reduce the volume of stormwater runoff by almost 90%. The green roof model developed within this work showed similar results for the same conditions. Design curves produced by the model have also been presented for several different geographic regions in Florida. The green roof stormwater treatment system presented within this work was effective at reducing the mass of pollutants. However, the concentration of several of the examined pollutants in the effluent of the cistern was higher or equivalent to that of a control roof. Nitrate and ammonia were two that had a lower concentration than the control roof. The use of a pollution control growing media was also examined. The results of this study show that the Black & GoldTM growing media is effective at removing both ortho-phosphorus and total phosphorus. Isotherm analysis was also preformed to quantify the adsorption potential. Despite the promise of the Black & GoldTM growing media to remove phosphorus the plants did not grow as well as in the expanded clay growing media. It is suggested that the pollution control media be used as a layer under the growing media in order to get the benefits of both media.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001423, ucf:47058
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001423

Title: Evaluation of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales for Stormwater Quality Improvement & Harvesting.
Creator: Hood, Andrew, Chopra, Manoj, Wanielista, Martin, Randall, Andrew, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Stormwater runoff from highways is a source of pollution to surface water bodies and groundwater. This project develops a bio-detention treatment and harvesting system that is incorporated into roadside swales. The bio-detention system uses Bold & Gold(TM), a type of biosorption activated media (BAM), to remove nutrients from simulated highway runoff and then store the water in underground vaults for infiltration, controlled discharge, and/or irrigation and other non-potable applications. In...
Show moreStormwater runoff from highways is a source of pollution to surface water bodies and groundwater. This project develops a bio-detention treatment and harvesting system that is incorporated into roadside swales. The bio-detention system uses Bold & Gold(TM), a type of biosorption activated media (BAM), to remove nutrients from simulated highway runoff and then store the water in underground vaults for infiltration, controlled discharge, and/or irrigation and other non-potable applications. In order to design a bio-detention system, media characteristics and media/water quality relationships are required. Media characteristics determined through testing include: specific gravity, permeability, infiltration, maximum dry density, moisture content of maximum dry density, and particle-size distribution. One of the goals of this experiment is to compare the nitrogen and phosphorous species concentrations in the effluent of BAM to sandy soil for simulated highway runoff. Field scale experiments are done on an elevated test bed that simulates a typical roadway with a swale. The swale portion of the test bed is split into halves using BAM and sandy soil. The simulated stormwater flows over a concrete section, which simulates a roadway, and then over either sod covered sandy soil or BAM. One, one and a half, and three inch storms are each simulated three times with a duration of 30 minutes each. During the simulated storm event, initial samples of the runoff (influent) are taken. The test bed is allowed to drain for two hours after the rainfall event and then samples of each of the net effluents are taken. In addition to the field scale water quality testing, column tests are also preformed on the sandy soil and Bold & Gold(TM) without sod present. Sod farms typically use fertilizer to increase production, thus it is reasonable to assume that the sod will leach nutrients into the soils on the test bed, especially during the initial test runs. The purpose of the column tests is to obtain a general idea of what percentage removals of total phosphorus and total nitrogen are obtained by the sandy soil and Bold & Gold(TM). It is shown that the Bold & Gold(TM) media effluent has significantly lower concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus compared to the effluent of the sandy soil based on an 80% confidence level. The Bold & Gold(TM) has a 41% lower average effluent concentration of total nitrogen than the sandy soil. The Bold & Gold(TM) media has a 78% lower average effluent concentration of total phosphorus than the sandy soil. Using both the column test data in combination with the field scale data, it is determined that the Bold & Gold(TM) BAM system has a total phosphorus removal efficiency of 71%. The removal efficiency is increased when stormwater harvesting is considered. A total phosphorus reduction of 94% is achieved in the bio-detention & harvesting swale system sample design problem.
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Date Issued: 2012
Identifier: CFE0004312, ucf:52869
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004312

Title: Comparative nutrient removal with innovative green soprtion media for groundwater and stormwater co-treatment.
Creator: Wen, Dan, Chang, Ni-bin, Nam, Boo Hyun, Kibler, Kelly, Wanielista, Martin, Zheng, Qipeng, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: As indicated by the National Academy of Engineering, the understanding of nitrogen cycle has been deemed as one of 14 grand challenges in engineering of the 21st century. Due to rapid population growth and urbanization, the stormwater runoff increased in quantity as well as its nutrient concentrations, which may trigger serious environmental issues such as eutrophication in aquatic systems and ecosystem degradation. This study focuses on stormwater and groundwater quality control via...
Show moreAs indicated by the National Academy of Engineering, the understanding of nitrogen cycle has been deemed as one of 14 grand challenges in engineering of the 21st century. Due to rapid population growth and urbanization, the stormwater runoff increased in quantity as well as its nutrient concentrations, which may trigger serious environmental issues such as eutrophication in aquatic systems and ecosystem degradation. This study focuses on stormwater and groundwater quality control via Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) which can be applied to enhance the nutrient removal potential as an emerging Best Management Practices (BMPs). BAM was tested in this study with respect to two changing environmental factors including the presence of toxins such as copper and the addition of carbon sources that may affect the removal effectiveness. In addition, the impacts on microbial ecology in BAM within the nitrification and denitrification processes due to those changing environmental conditions were explored through the identification of microbial population dynamics under different environmental conditions. To further enhance the recovery and reuse of the adsorbed ammonia as possible soil amendment or even fertilizer, a new media called Iron Filing Green Environmental Media (IFGEM) was developed based on BAM, with the inclusion of iron filings as a key component for nitrate reduction. The functionality of IFGEM was analyzed through a serious column studies with respect to several key factors, including varying influent nutrient concentrations, pH values, and temperature. The results of the column studies demonstrate promising nutrient removal and recovery potential simultaneously under changing factors.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007770, ucf:52394
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007770

Title: Evaluating Hydrologic Fluxes Through Stormwater Treatment Systems: Implication to Freshwater Springs in a Karst Environment.
Creator: Rice, Nyle, Kibler, Kelly, Wang, Dingbao, Chang, Ni-bin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: In recent years, concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus have increased in surface and groundwater resources, due in part to non-point source pollution associated with stormwater runoff. The elevated nutrient concentrations found in stormwater runoff have prompted the design of best management practices (BMP's) to mitigate the problem. The overall objective within this thesis is to analyze the performance of innovative surface BMPs and investigate connections between the...
Show moreIn recent years, concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus have increased in surface and groundwater resources, due in part to non-point source pollution associated with stormwater runoff. The elevated nutrient concentrations found in stormwater runoff have prompted the design of best management practices (BMP's) to mitigate the problem. The overall objective within this thesis is to analyze the performance of innovative surface BMPs and investigate connections between the BMPs and groundwater flows to freshwater springs within a karst environment. The performance of two stormwater BMPs, blanket filters and vertical reactors containing Bio-sorption Activated Media (BAM), are assessed in terms of hydraulic retention time. Capture efficiency is also evaluated for the blanket filters. Blanket filters captured, at minimum 68% of the stormwater runoff entering a stormwater basin in one year. Water content monitoring indicates that BAM is affected by the surrounding water table. The vertical reactors are more appropriate technologies for small contributing areas. Tracking a conservative tracer from an injection point within a stormwater basin to nearby Silver Springs reveals several unique flowpaths and velocities of groundwater. Subsurface velocities observed in the basin ranged from 0.1 m/d to 1.4 m/d, while velocities from the injection well to the spring vary from 2.3 m/d to 13.5 m/d. The fastest travel times observed in the spring may represent flowpaths that include macropore/conduit flow through karst features, while the slower peaks may be more representative of matrix flow. Interaction with karst features may reduce retention time of stormwater in aquifers, altering expected nutrient transformations. Understanding the variable pathways stormwater may take from the surface to spring discharge may assist environmental managers in preserving water quality in springs and other waterbodies in karst systems.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFE0007241, ucf:52219
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007241

Title: INNOVATIVE POLLUTANT LOAD MONITORING.
Creator: Gurr, Eric, Nnadi, Fidelia, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Modern streamflow measuring equipment, water quality sampling techniques and a better understanding of pollutant washoff are continuously being developed as today's society is in critical need of improving water management, minimizing developmental impacts and preventing environmental hazards. In particular, the study of the spatial, temporal and volumetric characteristics of annual pollutant loading caused by variations in precipitation, land use and other anthropogenic factors is of great...
Show moreModern streamflow measuring equipment, water quality sampling techniques and a better understanding of pollutant washoff are continuously being developed as today's society is in critical need of improving water management, minimizing developmental impacts and preventing environmental hazards. In particular, the study of the spatial, temporal and volumetric characteristics of annual pollutant loading caused by variations in precipitation, land use and other anthropogenic factors is of great significance due to their relation to future global water demands. The research presented here falls in three parts. In the first part of the dissertation, an acoustical doppler velocity profiler installed in a submerged concrete channel is proposed to continually measure the annual fluctuation in streamflow levels down to dry channel conditions. The tailwater influenced, intermittent streamflow conditions for the City of Kissimmee, Florida were selected for the evaluation of this approach under a 3-year study from 2006 to 2008. The performance of these concrete channels were systematically evaluated by comparisons with established field measurement techniques over various stream configurations and flow conditions. The second part of this research investigates the dynamics of flood wave detection with respect to enabling an automatic water quality sampler to start collecting samples. The main focus was on the accurate detection of flood waves in the absence of rainfall and the presence of fluctuating baseflows and stream stages. In the 3-year study, it was shown that a dual parameter trigger, utilizing independent measuring equipment, resulted in accurate flood wave detection with minimal false triggering of the autosampler. In addition, an incremental or percent deviation from a moving average of stage or flow proved to be a more consistent indicator for the presence of a flood wave. In the third part of this work, the frequency of water quality sampling and the associated level of detail for sampling of rainfall events were investigated with respect to accurately depicting annual pollutant loads. It was found that the seasonal variations in baseflow pollutant loads are not accurately represented by current 4-quarter grab sampling. Also, significant pollutant loading within rainfall events may not be captured by only performing grab sampling during baseflow conditions. In addition, although increased pollutant concentrations were observed within the initial 30 minutes of the flood wave, their actual loadings did not represent a significant impact on the annual pollutant loads. A bi-weekly grab sampling frequency was found to be adequate in many cases to depict the annual pollutant loads, but depending upon the targeted constituent and particular streamflow condition, rainfall event sampling might also be necessary. The results of this research complemented with other studies will promote better understanding of intermittent streamflows, accurate flood wave detection, and assessment of annual pollutant loads to our nation's waterbodies.
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Date Issued: 2011
Identifier: CFE0004002, ucf:49159
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0004002

Title: Transforming the Aquatic Urban Landscape: Nutrient Status and Management of Stormwater Basins.
Creator: Skovira, Lindsay, Bohlen, Patrick, Fauth, John, Wang, Dingbao, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Urbanization is a largely irreversible anthropogenic change that degrades environmental quality, including aquatic ecosystems. Stormwater ponds are a popular best management practice (BMP) to mitigate the effects of urban land use on downstream water bodies and contribute significantly to the total area of aquatic ecosystems in some urban watersheds. My research investigated the distribution of stormwater ponds and examined how different urban land uses influenced biophysicochemical...
Show moreUrbanization is a largely irreversible anthropogenic change that degrades environmental quality, including aquatic ecosystems. Stormwater ponds are a popular best management practice (BMP) to mitigate the effects of urban land use on downstream water bodies and contribute significantly to the total area of aquatic ecosystems in some urban watersheds. My research investigated the distribution of stormwater ponds and examined how different urban land uses influenced biophysicochemical conditions and management of those ponds in a rapidly developing suburban watershed in the Econlockhatchee River basin in Florida, USA. I evaluated limnological and ecological parameters in randomly-selected ponds distributed among three urban land-use classes: high-density residential, institutional, and roadways. Ecological measures included characterizing percentage cover and composition of littoral zone plant community and the extent of any algal mats. Limnological measures included physical parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and clarity), and nutrient concentrations (nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll a). I used a subjective management intensity index to compare pond management among land-use classes. Stormwater ponds represented 40.2% of the total area of non-forested freshwater systems in the watershed, and were dominated by residential land uses (43.7%), followed by roadways (14.7%), industrial (2.7%) and institutional (2.3%). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that ponds with higher total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll a (chla) concentrations had lower water clarity, and that both. TN and TP were positively correlated with chla. PCA scores for school ponds, which had the highest water clarity, differed significantly from those of expressway and residential ponds, along the first PCA axis. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that TN concentrations differed significantly between expressway and school ponds, with expressway ponds having TN concentrations 51.7% higher than schools. Both TP and TN varied differently through time in the different lands uses. Management intensity for removal of aquatic vegetation and algae was lower in school ponds than in expressway and residential ponds, and school ponds contained the highest abundance and diversity of vegetation. Different urban land uses had varying impacts on water quality, and more intense chemical use to control vegetation and algae was related to greater nutrient and chla concentrations and lower water clarity.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFE0006845, ucf:51781
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006845

Title: Optimization of Block Layout and Evaluation of Collection Mat Materials for Polyacrylamide Treatment Channels.
Creator: McDougal, Alicia, Chopra, Manoj, Nam, Boo Hyun, Wang, Dingbao, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Construction sites are frequently cited as major sources of pollution that degrade the quality of surface water. The highly erodible topsoil is transported off site by stormwater runoff causing negative effects downstream. Research has shown that the small particles, which are the most susceptible to erosive forces, have more pollutants associated with them than larger soil particles. Currently, in the state of Florida, it is not permissible to discharge water to a receiving water body if the...
Show moreConstruction sites are frequently cited as major sources of pollution that degrade the quality of surface water. The highly erodible topsoil is transported off site by stormwater runoff causing negative effects downstream. Research has shown that the small particles, which are the most susceptible to erosive forces, have more pollutants associated with them than larger soil particles. Currently, in the state of Florida, it is not permissible to discharge water to a receiving water body if the turbidity is more than 29 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs) above background or higher than background for an outstanding Florida water body. The removal of fine suspended sediment from water can be achieved by filtration, settling, and the use of chemical coagulants. Polyacrylamide (PAM), a coagulant, has been shown to be effective in removing fine suspended particles from water via coagulation and flocculation. The Stormwater Management Academy at the University of Central Florida has researched the use of PAM and collection mats in a treatment channel to meet state discharge requirements. In this study, turbid water using sediment from typical Florida soils was simulated and passed through a channel. The channel contained polymer blocks in a configuration previously determined to be the most effective. An important component of the treatment system is the floc collection. This research examined three types of collection mats, namely jute, coconut fiber and polypropylene mix to collect the flocs. This thesis presents the results of this investigation.The results for the sandy soil tests showed an average removal efficiency prior to the collection mat starting at 71% and decreasing to 44% at the end of the tests. The 20-foot coconut mat maintained an average removal efficiency of 90%. The turbidity due to silty-sandy soil was decreased with an average removal efficiency prior to the collection mat ranging from 50% to 65%. The average removal efficiency for the 20-foot coconut mat started at 85%and decreased to 60% during the tests. The turbidity due to crushed limestone showed an average removal efficiency prior to the collection mat ranging from 81% down to 69% over time. The average results from the 20-foot coconut mat ranged from 65% to 80%. Turbidity was tested on the samples under two conditions, a 30 second settling time and completely mixed. Statistical results show a significant decrease (?=0.05) in turbidity between the mixed and settled samples.Statistical analyses were performed on the collected data, which concluded that the capability of the mat to reduce turbidity can be repeated with a 95% confidence interval. The 20-foot length coconut mat had the highest turbidity removal efficiency for every soil type examined. Further statistical analysis showed that the achieved turbidity reduction was significantly different (?=0.05) for the various materials. It was observed that generally, each type of mat clogged during testing indicating that longer collection mats be used, possibly lining the entire channel. Recommendations from this study are to provide a settling area after the collection mats and line the entire length of the channel with the collection mat selected.
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Date Issued: 2014
Identifier: CFE0005210, ucf:50628
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005210

Title: STORMWATER IRRIGATION OF SAINT AUGUSTINE GRASS:NITROGEN BALANCE AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION.
Creator: Hulstein, Ewoud, Wanielista, Martin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: A change in surface condition of a watershed, which is usually caused by development, can have measured effects on the naturally occurring hydrologic cycle and nitrogen cycle. This could result in environmental problems, such as reduced springflow and eutrophication. In an effort to address these issues, a combination of best management practices (BMPs) can be adhered to. The practice of using excess stormwater as a source for irrigation is proposed as a BMP for the minimization of impacts by...
Show moreA change in surface condition of a watershed, which is usually caused by development, can have measured effects on the naturally occurring hydrologic cycle and nitrogen cycle. This could result in environmental problems, such as reduced springflow and eutrophication. In an effort to address these issues, a combination of best management practices (BMPs) can be adhered to. The practice of using excess stormwater as a source for irrigation is proposed as a BMP for the minimization of impacts by development to the hydrologic and nitrogen cycles. To study the proposed BMP, a field experiment was installed in an outdoor location on the UCF main campus in Orlando, Florida. The experiment consists of three soil chambers, (2x2x4 ft, L:W:H), filled with compacted soil and covered with St. Augustine grass to simulate a suburban lawn. The grass was irrigated up to twice a week with detained stormwater with a nitrate nitrogen concentration of up to 2 mg/L. A mass balance and a total nitrogen balance were performed to determine evapotranspiration (ET) and impacts on groundwater nitrogen content. It was determined that the groundwater characteristics are largely dependent on the characteristics of the soil. The input nitrogen (precipitation and irrigation) was mostly in the form of nitrate and the output nitrogen (groundwater) was mostly in the form of ammonia. A total nitrogen mass balance indicated the mass output of nitrogen was significantly larger than mass input of nitrogen, which was due to ammonia leaching from the soil. Only small concentrations of nitrate were detected in the groundwater, resulting in an estimated nitrate removal (conversion to ammonia) of 97 percent at a depth of four feet when the input nitrate concentration was 2 mg/L. The average ET of the three chambers was compared to the estimated ET from the modified Blaney-Criddle equation on a monthly basis and a yearly basis. The modified Blaney-Criddle equation was proven to be accurate for estimating the actual ET for this application: irrigated St. Augustine grass in the Central Florida climate. In conclusion, using the available literature and the data collected from the field experiment, it was shown through an example design problem that the proposed BMP of using excess stormwater as a source for irrigation can help achieve a pre- versus postdevelopment volume balance and can help control post-development nitrate emissions.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000611, ucf:46511
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000611

Title: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FILTER MEDIA TO REDUCE NITRATE AND ORTHOPHOSPHATE IN STORMWATER RUNOFF.
Creator: Moberg, Mikhal, Chang, Ni-Bin, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Throughout Central Florida surface water and ground water are decreasing in quantity and quality in part because of excess Nitrate and Phosphorus nutrients. Stormwater runoff serves as a medium for transport of Nitrate and Phosphorus to surface water and ground water. The goal of this experiment is assess the Nitrate and Phosphorus removal in stormwater using select media. The results of a literature search, batch test experimentation and column test experimentation are used to determine an...
Show moreThroughout Central Florida surface water and ground water are decreasing in quantity and quality in part because of excess Nitrate and Phosphorus nutrients. Stormwater runoff serves as a medium for transport of Nitrate and Phosphorus to surface water and ground water. The goal of this experiment is assess the Nitrate and Phosphorus removal in stormwater using select media. The results of a literature search, batch test experimentation and column test experimentation are used to determine an optimal media blend that may be implemented in detention ponds to reduce Nitrate and Phosphorus. The extensive literature search revealed 32 different media that may be used to remove Nitrate and Phosphorus. Each potential media was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated based on 5 criteria: 1) relevance, 2) permeability, 3) cost, 4) availability in Florida, and 5) additional environmental benefit. The top 7 performing media: Florida peat, sandy loam, woodchips, crushed oyster shell; crushed limestone, tire crumb and sawdust were selected for batch test experimentation. The aerobic conditions in batch test experimentation prohibited the growth of denitrifying bacteria, therefore media mixes were selected for column test experimentation based on Ammonia and Orthophosphate concentrations. Batch test experimentation showed the most effective media to be 50% sand, 30% tire crumb, 20% sawdust by weight (media mix 1) and 50% sand, 25% sawdust, 15% tire crumb, 10% limestone by weight (media mix 2). Media mix 1, media mix 2 and a control are tested in column test experimentation, where the control is site soil from Hunters Trace development in Ocala, Florida. Column test experimentation models a dry detention pond where water passes through a 48 inch unsaturated zone then a 48 inch saturated zone. To test Nitrate and Orthophosphate removal potential, pond water augmented with Nitrate (0.38, 1.26, 2.5 mg/L NO3-N) and Orthophosphate (0.125, 0.361, 0.785 mg/L PO4-P) was pumped into the columns. Media mix 1 and media mix 2 outperformed the control in both Nitrate and Orthophosphate removal. Media mix 1 and media mix 2 had Nitrate removal efficiencies ranging from 60% to 99% and the control had Nitrate removal efficiencies ranging from 38%-80%. Media mix 1 and media mix 2 averaged Orthophosphate removal efficiencies ranging from approximately 42% to 67%. For every run in every influent Orthophosphate concentration the saturated control added Orthophosphate to the water. The Nitrate and Orthophosphate removal performances for media mix 1 and media mix 2 could not be directly compared because of different influent saturated nutrient concentrations.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: CFE0002240, ucf:47884
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002240

Title: Long-term Carbon and Copper Impact on Nutrient Removal via Green Sorption Media in Dynamic Linear Ditch Environments.
Creator: Ordonez, Diana, Chang, Ni-bin, Randall, Andrew, Sadmani, A H M Anwar, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Nutrient-laden stormwater runoff causes environmental and ecological impacts on receiving water bodies. Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) composed of the sand, tire crumb, and clay have been implemented in stormwater best management practices due to its ability to efficiently remove nutrients from stormwater runoff, such as in roadside linear ditches, via unique chemophysical and microbiological processes. In this study, a set of fixed-bed columns were set up to simulate some external forces...
Show moreNutrient-laden stormwater runoff causes environmental and ecological impacts on receiving water bodies. Biosorption Activated Media (BAM) composed of the sand, tire crumb, and clay have been implemented in stormwater best management practices due to its ability to efficiently remove nutrients from stormwater runoff, such as in roadside linear ditches, via unique chemophysical and microbiological processes. In this study, a set of fixed-bed columns were set up to simulate some external forces in roadside linear ditches and examine how these external forces affect the performance of BAM. In our experiment, scenario 1 simulates the impact that animals such as tortoises, moles and ants produce conduits on the top layer of BAM. Scenario 2 simulates the presence of animals on BAM, together with external compaction. Finally, scenario 3 simulates external compaction such as traffic compaction alone. Furthermore, two baseline conditions were included to sustain the impact assessment of these three scenarios, respectively. They are the long-term presence of carbon in stormwater as carbon can be transported by stormwater runoff from neighboring crop fields, and the long-term presence of copper ions in stormwater as copper depositions can also be found because of electrical wiring, roofing, stormwater ponds disinfection and automobile brake pads in transportation networks. This systematic assessment encompasses some intertwined field complexity in real world systems driven by different hydraulic conditions, microbial ecology, Dissolved Organic Nitrogen (DON) reshape/removal, and long-term addition of carbon and copper (alone) on the effectiveness of total nitrogen removal. The removal efficiencies are substantially linked to varying microbial processes including mineralization, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and even dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, each of which is controlled by different dominant microbial species. The identification of DON compounds at the molecular level was done via a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-IR-MS) whereas the quantitation of microbial species was done by using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The results from the interactions between microbial ecology and DON decomposition were compared to the external forces and baseline conditions to obtain a holistic understanding of the removals efficiencies of total nitrogen. With the aid of qPCR and FT-IR-MS, this study concluded that the long-term presence of carbon is beneficial for nutrient removal whereas the long-term copper addition inhibits nutrient removal.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: CFE0007847, ucf:52816
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007847

Stormwater (5)	+ -
Stormwater management (5)	+ -
BMP (4)	+ -
Phosphorus (4)	+ -
stormwater management (4)	+ -

BAM (3)	+ -
sorption (3)	+ -
stormwater (3)	+ -
stormwater treatment (3)	+ -
tire crumb (3)	+ -
Biosorption Activated Media (2)	+ -
Bold & Gold (2)	+ -
LID (2)	+ -
Nitrate (2)	+ -
Nitrogen (2)	+ -
Nutrient removal (2)	+ -
Nutrients (2)	+ -
Sediment control (2)	+ -
Simulated rainfall (2)	+ -
Stormwater runoff (2)	+ -
Turbidity (2)	+ -
copper (2)	+ -
denitrification (2)	+ -
eutrophication (2)	+ -
expanded clay (2)	+ -
nitrate (2)	+ -
nitrogen cycle (2)	+ -
nutrient removal (2)	+ -
toxicity (2)	+ -
water quality (2)	+ -

University of Central Florida (30)	+ -
Wanielista, Martin (15)	+ -
Chang, Ni-bin (11)	+ -
Chopra, Manoj (9)	+ -
Randall, Andrew (8)	+ -

Wang, Dingbao (5)	+ -
Bohlen, Patrick (3)	+ -
Kibler, Kelly (3)	+ -
Nam, Boo Hyun (3)	+ -
Chang, Ni-Bin (2)	+ -
Cooper, David (2)	+ -
Fauth, John (2)	+ -
Gogo-Abite, Ikiensinma (2)	+ -
Hood, Andrew (2)	+ -
Lee, Woo Hyoung (2)	+ -
O'Reilly, Andrew (2)	+ -
Baldassari, Trillian (1)	+ -
Chang, Dr. Ni-Bin (1)	+ -
Crawford, Anthony (1)	+ -
Dubinsky, Gregg (1)	+ -
Duranceau, Steven (1)	+ -
Goolsby, Matthew (1)	+ -
Gurr, Eric (1)	+ -
HOSSAIN, FAHIM (1)	+ -
Hardin, Michael (1)	+ -
Hardin, Mike (1)	+ -
Hartshorn, Nicholas (1)	+ -
Hernandez, Rylee (1)	+ -
Houmann, Cameron (1)	+ -
Hulstein, Ewoud (1)	+ -

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