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Title: OSCILLATORY FLOW AS A MEANS OF ENHANCED SPECIES SEPARATION: A THREE DIMENSIONAL TIME-ACCURATE CFD ANALYSIS.
Creator: Crain, Jennifer, Divo, Eduardo, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: A fluid that contains species in the presence of a concentration gradient generates unusual phenomena when it is forced into pulsatile motion. For example, each species in the fluid has an enhanced mass transport due to pure molecular diffusion. This enhancement takes place even if there is no net total flow over a cycle of the pulsatile motion. When more than one species in dilute amounts is present in an otherwise pure fluid, called a carrier, each species is transported at a different rate...
Show moreA fluid that contains species in the presence of a concentration gradient generates unusual phenomena when it is forced into pulsatile motion. For example, each species in the fluid has an enhanced mass transport due to pure molecular diffusion. This enhancement takes place even if there is no net total flow over a cycle of the pulsatile motion. When more than one species in dilute amounts is present in an otherwise pure fluid, called a carrier, each species is transported at a different rate thereby causing a partial separation of the species. This idea traces back to hyperventilation studies done over 40 years ago and to the implementation of the technology in hospital environments to provide life-support for patients under anesthesia. However, it is only in recent years that the underlying physics of oscillatory flow as applied to mass transfer have been understood and this may lead to promising application of the technique to novel means of enhancing separation in life support applications and for detection purposes. In this thesis, results from three-dimensional time accurate studies carried out using the commercial computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT are presented. These results simulate the separation of CO2 from He in an N2 environment (carrier). The model consists of two reservoirs/mixing chambers, an oscillating piston wall, and a connecting tube. Several cases are carried out reporting on separation enhancement as a function of the Womersley number and the ratio of tidal displacement to connecting tube diameter. Unlike previous studies which were undertaken using asymptotic analysis, the present models and results incorporate full entrance effects and 3D interactions. Results of this study will be useful as a guide for the design and miniaturization of an oscillating device for species separation in further research projects at the University of Central Florida. Observations showed that a molar fraction increase occurs during the species transport in the presence of a thermal boundary layer. This was accompanied by an imposed external forced temperature condition on the surface of the cylinder to create thermal diffusion, also known as the Soret or thermal diffusion effect, which refers to the separation of mixtures in a temperature gradient as means of change on the concentration gradient of the species ratio. Calculations were performed to analyze the effect of the heat transfer on the molar fraction of the species at a specific region of the model, called the measurement point. Various mathematical models and correlations were incorporated into a MATLAB computer code that predicted the concentration of the species in an entire cycle after steady state is reached and data can be exported from FLUENT.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001095, ucf:46783
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001095

Title: Impact of Dynamic Message Signs on Driver Behavior Under Reduced Visibility Conditions.
Creator: Selby, Ryan, Abdel-Aty, Mohamed, Eluru, Naveen, Lee, JaeYoung, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Fog along roadways is a dangerous hazard that leads to crashes resulting from limited visibility. Low visibility gives drivers less time to react to potential obstacles that can suddenly appear and require immediate action. To solve this issue, early warning systems involving Dynamic Message Signs or other types of devices are used to alert drivers of the impending visibility condition so that they are prepared. This research focuses on testing the effectiveness of one form of warning systems...
Show moreFog along roadways is a dangerous hazard that leads to crashes resulting from limited visibility. Low visibility gives drivers less time to react to potential obstacles that can suddenly appear and require immediate action. To solve this issue, early warning systems involving Dynamic Message Signs or other types of devices are used to alert drivers of the impending visibility condition so that they are prepared. This research focuses on testing the effectiveness of one form of warning systems to investigate how it impacts driver behavior in foggy conditions. To accomplish this objective, a simulation study is developed to test variables of interest including: Roadway Type, Fog Level, DMS Presence, Beacon Presence, Traffic Volume, and DMS Message Provided. Using a factorial design, 24 scenarios are created by randomizing the variables listed using statistical software to be tested on 72 volunteer participants. Using a NADS MiniSim Driving Simulator, the participants driving behavior is recorded including speed and breaking behavior under an initial clear condition followed by a reduced visibility fog condition. From demographics, drivers age 35 and over consistently showed a higher likelihood of speed reduction between clear and fog conditions with overall reduction increasing with age. This is seen when looking at the mean change in speed based on driver age where young drivers (18-25 yrs) reduced speeds by 7MPH, older drivers (35-45 yrs) reduced by 12MPH, and elder drivers (65+ yrs) reduced by 17MPH. The more often a person drove and those that were educated at a graduate level also showed a higher chance of speed reductions. This demonstrates the impact of experience and exposure to driving performance under reduced visibility conditions. Those who recently drove under fog conditions or learned to drive in Florida were found to be less likely to reduce their speeds when entering the fog. This is attributed to these drivers being confident or familiar with the environment resulting in risky driving behavior. For the scenario variables, it is determined that the type of roadway a driver travels plays a major role in how much speed reduction occurs and thus how much a driver decelerates when entering a low visibility environment. On average, drivers traversed the fog zone at 50MPH with the lowest travel speed being 30MPH. Since the speed limit on the freeway is 5MPH higher than the arterial, drivers' traveling along this road are noted to decelerate at higher rates to achieve this target speed. Additionally, DMS presence and message also provided an impact on the drivers' choice to decelerate and reduce travel speed within the fog condition. Under the most severe conditions, the probability of a driver reducing speed increases as the number of DMS present increases. Additionally, when a DMS presents a warning and specifies the action that a driver should take, in this case 'reduce speed,' greater speed reductions and decelerations are observed and are more likely to occur. Interestingly the number of DMS did not have a significant impact on driver behavior under every fog condition like the message presented did except in the most severe fog condition. Taking into account that 33% of drivers did not accurately remember the number of DMS encountered it can be concluded that the warning message itself is the most important aspect of the early warning system. This indicates that drivers accurately remember being directed to reduce speed whether they are given the advisement once or multiple times based on the number of DMS present. Further research into how the warning message is presented or worded could provide additional insight into the impact it can have on driver behavior. Since it is observed that drivers acknowledge the 'reduce speed' advisement, it is likely that specifying a specific speed limit could also warrant driver obedience. Additional testing and observation of driver reaction to larger traffic volumes and situations within the fog would also allow for further analysis of driver behavior under reduced visibility and the impact the early warning system has on their behavior.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFE0006179, ucf:51116
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006179

Title: Joint modeling of traffic related crashes: a Copula based approch.
Creator: Nashad, Tammam, Eluru, Naveen, Abdel-Aty, Mohamed, Radwan, Essam, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The study contributes to safety literature on transportation safety by employing copula based models for count frequency analysis at a macro-level. Most studies in the transportation safety area identify a single count variable (such as vehicular, pedestrian or bicycle crash counts) for a spatial unit and study the impact of exogenous variables. While the traditional count models perform adequately in the presence of a single count variable, it is necessary to modify these approaches to...
Show moreThe study contributes to safety literature on transportation safety by employing copula based models for count frequency analysis at a macro-level. Most studies in the transportation safety area identify a single count variable (such as vehicular, pedestrian or bicycle crash counts) for a spatial unit and study the impact of exogenous variables. While the traditional count models perform adequately in the presence of a single count variable, it is necessary to modify these approaches to examine multiple dependent variables for each study unit. To that extent, the current research effort contributes to literature by developing two multivariate models based on copula methodology. First, a copula based bivariate negative binomial model for pedestrian and bicyclist crash frequency analysis is developed. Second, a multivariate negative binomial model for crashes involving non-motorized road users, passenger cars, vans, light trucks and heavy trucks is proposed. The proposed approaches also accommodate for potential heterogeneity (across zones) in the dependency structure. The formulated models are estimated using traffic crash count data at the Statewide Traffic Analysis Zone (STAZ) level for the state of Florida for the years 2010 through 2012. The STAZ level variables considered in our analysis include exposure measures, socio-economic characteristics, road network characteristics and land use attributes. A policy analysis is also conducted along with a representation of hotspot identification to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model for planning purposes. The development of such spatial profiles will allow planners to identify high risk zones for screening and treatment purposes.
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Date Issued: 2016
Identifier: CFE0006153, ucf:51124
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006153

Title: A chemical and genetic approach to study the polyamine transport system in Drosophila.
Creator: Wang, Minpei, Vonkalm, Laurence, Phanstiel, Otto, Teter, Kenneth, Ballantyne, John, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Polyamines are small cationic molecules that play important roles in most vital cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, regulation of chromatin structure, translation and programmed cell death. Cellular polyamine pools are maintained by a balance between biosynthesis and transport (export and import). Increased polyamine biosynthesis activity and an active transport system are characteristics of many cancer cell lines, and polyamine depletion has been shown to be a viable...
Show morePolyamines are small cationic molecules that play important roles in most vital cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, regulation of chromatin structure, translation and programmed cell death. Cellular polyamine pools are maintained by a balance between biosynthesis and transport (export and import). Increased polyamine biosynthesis activity and an active transport system are characteristics of many cancer cell lines, and polyamine depletion has been shown to be a viable anticancer strategy. Polyamine levels can be depleted by ?-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of the key polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase. However, malignant cells often circumvent DFMO therapy by up-regulating polyamine import; therefore, there is a need to develop compounds that inhibit polyamine transport. Collectively, DFMO and polyamine transport inhibitors provide the basis for a combination therapy leading to effective intracellular polyamine depletion. Using a Drosophila leg imaginal disc model for polyamine transport, I studied three candidate transport inhibitors (Ant444, Trimer44 and Triamide44) for their ability to inhibit transport in the Drosophila model. Ant444 and Trimer44 effectively inhibited the uptake of the toxic polyamine analog Ant44 that gains entry to cells via the polyamine transport system. Ant444 and Trimer44 were also able to inhibit the import of exogenous polyamines into DFMO-treated imaginal discs. Triamide44 was an ineffective inhibitor, however a structurally redesigned compound, Triamide444, showed a 50-fold increase in transport inhibition and was comparable to Ant444 and Trimer44. Ant444 and Trimer44 showed differences in their relative abilities to block import of specific polyamines, and I therefore asked if a cocktail of these inhibitors would be more effective than either alone. My data show that a cocktail of polyamine transport inhibitors is more effective than single inhibitors when used in combination with DFMO, and suggests the existence of multiple polyamine transport systems. To further the development of effective transport inhibitors it is important to identify components of the transport system. The mechanism of polyamine transport in multicellular organisms including mammals is still unknown. Our laboratory has developed a simple assay to detect components of the transport system using RNAi knockdown and over-expression of candidate genes. However, the assay requires that animals live until the pupal stage of development. Pleiotropic effects of individual gene products following over-expression or knockdown may result in early developmental lethality for reasons unrelated to polyamine transport. Our assay is based on the GAL4/UAS system and involves the use of enhancers driving GAL4 expression (GAL4 driver). GAL4 in turn determines the expression level of UAS-candidate gene constructs (UAS responder). I reasoned that in some cases it might be possible to bypass early lethality by judicious choice of drivers that reduce responder expression, thus permitting survival to the pupal phase. To this end, I used five imaginal disc drivers (30A, 71B, 32B, 69B, and T80) as well as a ubiquitously expressed control driver to over-express and knockdown EGFR and components of the Rho signaling pathway. The relative strength of each driver was ranked, and I was able to demonstrate in principle that animals could survive to later stages of development in a manner that correlated with the relative strength of the driver. The approach I developed is broadly applicable to other studies of Drosophila development.To identify new components of the polyamine transport system I studied the role of proteoglycans in this process. The proteoglycan glypican-1 has been previously implicated in mammalian polyamine transport. In particular, the heparin sulfate side chains of glypican-1 appear to play an important role. In order to extend our knowledge of the role of proteoglycans in polyamine transport, I examined the role of the core proteoglycans perlecan and syndecan as well as genes encoding enzymes in the heparin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic pathways. I was able to confirm a role for glypican-1 in polyamine transport in imaginal discs but not in whole animals. This may indicate that glypican-1 is not required for polyamine uptake through the gut. Studies of genes encoding perlecan, syndecan and enzymes in the heparin sulfate and chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic pathways did not reveal a role for these genes in polyamine transport. These studies were conducted in whole animals and my data may reflect tissue-specific differences between the imaginal disc and gut transport systems where transport in imaginal discs is proteoglycan dependent and transport in the gut is not.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: CFE0007297, ucf:52162
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007297

Title: A System Dynamics Approach on Sustainability Assessment of the United States Urban Commuter Transportation.
Creator: Ercan, Tolga, Tatari, Omer, Oloufa, Amr, Eluru, Naveen, Xanthopoulos, Petros, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Transportation sector is one of the largest emission sources and is a cause for human health concern due to the high dependency on personal vehicle in the U.S. Transportation mode choice studies are currently limited to micro- and regional-level boundaries, lacking of presenting a complete picture of the issues, and the root causes associated with urban passenger transportation choices in the U.S. Hence, system dynamics modeling approach is utilized to capture complex causal relationships...
Show moreTransportation sector is one of the largest emission sources and is a cause for human health concern due to the high dependency on personal vehicle in the U.S. Transportation mode choice studies are currently limited to micro- and regional-level boundaries, lacking of presenting a complete picture of the issues, and the root causes associated with urban passenger transportation choices in the U.S. Hence, system dynamics modeling approach is utilized to capture complex causal relationships among the critical system parameters affecting alternative transportation mode choices in the U.S. as well as to identify possible policy areas to improve alternative transportation mode choice rates for future years up to 2050. Considering the high degree of uncertainties inherent to the problem, multivariate sensitivity analysis is utilized to explore the effectiveness of existing and possible policy implications in dynamic model in the terms of their potential to increase transit ridership and locating critical parameters that influences the most on mode choice and emission rates. Finally, the dissertation advances the current body of knowledge by integrating discrete event simulation (multinomial fractional split model) and system dynamics for hybrid urban commuter transportation simulation to test new scenarios such as autonomous vehicle (AV) adoption along with traditional policy scenarios such as limiting lane-mile increase on roadways and introducing carbon tax policy on vehicle owners. Overall, the developed simulation models clearly indicate the importance of urban structures to secure the future of alternative transportation modes in the U.S. as the prevailing policy practices fail to change system behavior. Thus, transportation system needs a paradigm shift to radically change current impacts and the market penetration of AVs can be one of the reforms to provoke this transition since it is expected to revolutionize mode choice, emission trends, and the built environment.
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Date Issued: 2019
Identifier: CFE0007626, ucf:52554
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007626

Title: STUDIES OF NORSPERMIDINE UPTAKE IN DROSOPHILA SUGGEST THE EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE POLYAMINE TRANSPORT PATHWAYS.
Creator: Dieffenbach, Michael, Von Kalm, Laurence, Teter, Kenneth, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Polyamines are a class of essential nutrients involved in many basic cellular processes such as gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Without polyamines, cell growth is delayed or halted. Cancerous cells require an abundance of polyamines through a combination of synthesis and transport from the extracellular environment. An FDA-approved drug, D,L-?-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), blocks polyamine synthesis but is ineffective at inhibiting cell growth due to polyamine transport....
Show morePolyamines are a class of essential nutrients involved in many basic cellular processes such as gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Without polyamines, cell growth is delayed or halted. Cancerous cells require an abundance of polyamines through a combination of synthesis and transport from the extracellular environment. An FDA-approved drug, D,L-?-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), blocks polyamine synthesis but is ineffective at inhibiting cell growth due to polyamine transport. Thus, there is a need to develop drugs that inhibit polyamine transport to use in combination with DFMO. Surprisingly, little is known about the polyamine transport system in humans and other eukaryotes. Understanding the transport system would allow us to identify compounds that inhibit polyamine transport, which could then be used in tandem with DFMO to treat cancer. Our laboratory has identified one gene in Drosophila, called CG32000, as a component of this transport system, and numerous other candidate genes remain to be tested. To better characterize this system, this project investigated the ability of the Drosophila transport system to take up a toxic polyamine analogue called norspermidine, with the initial goal of developing a new screening method to find polyamine transport genes. My experiments have demonstrated significant differences in norspermidine uptake and toxicity between C. elegans and Drosophila which may imply a secondary polyamine transport system in higher eukaryotes. In the long term, it is hoped that this thesis will facilitate the development of more effective cancer medications by providing new information about the polyamine transport system.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFH2000294, ucf:45869
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000294

Title: Simulation study of guest procedures in a resort hotel complex.
Creator: Barraclough, Bradley, null, null, Engineering
Abstract / Description: Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; At this time there is an increasing emphasis in Florida on developing large, multipurpose complexes which include shopping, entertainment, and accommodations for tourists. In all cases a major design problem is people transportation. For best efficiency the primary mode of transportation, the car, must be exchanged for other people movers within the complex, which will afford more security, flexibility, and better movement of...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; At this time there is an increasing emphasis in Florida on developing large, multipurpose complexes which include shopping, entertainment, and accommodations for tourists. In all cases a major design problem is people transportation. For best efficiency the primary mode of transportation, the car, must be exchanged for other people movers within the complex, which will afford more security, flexibility, and better movement of people to their ultimate destination. Economically speaking, this would not only conserve fuel, but would allow consolidation of automobile parking into a less desirable area and the grouping of facilities for more shopping and recreation convenience.
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Date Issued: 1974
Identifier: CFR0003468, ucf:53029
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0003468

Title: Electronic transport properties of carbon nanotubes: the impact of atomic charged impurities.
Creator: Tsuchikawa, Ryuichi, Ishigami, Masa, Mucciolo, Eduardo, Peale, Robert, Masunov, Artem, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Even changing one atom in nanoscale materials is expected to alter their properties due to their small physical sizes. Such sensitivity can be utilized to modify materials' properties from bottom up and is essential for the utility of nanoscale materials. As such, the impact of extrinsic atomic adsorbates was measured on pristine graphene and a network of carbon nanotubes using atomic hydrogen, cesium atoms, and dye molecules. In order to further quantify such an atomic influence, the...
Show moreEven changing one atom in nanoscale materials is expected to alter their properties due to their small physical sizes. Such sensitivity can be utilized to modify materials' properties from bottom up and is essential for the utility of nanoscale materials. As such, the impact of extrinsic atomic adsorbates was measured on pristine graphene and a network of carbon nanotubes using atomic hydrogen, cesium atoms, and dye molecules. In order to further quantify such an atomic influence, the resistance induced by a single potassium atom on metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes was measured for the first time. Carbon nanotubes are sensitive to adsorbates due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. The resistance arising from the presence of extrinsic impurity atoms depends on the types of nanotubes. Metallic carbon nanotubes are resilient to a long-ranged, Coulomb-like potential, whereas semiconducting carbon nanotubes are susceptible to these impurities. The difference in the scattering strength originates from the chirality of carbon nanotubes, which defines their unique electronic properties. This difference had not directly measured experimentally because of the issue of contact resistance, the difficulty of chirality identification, and the uncertainty in the number of impurity atoms introduced on carbon nanotubes.We synthesized atomically clean, long ((>)100 ?m) carbon nanotubes, and their chirality was identified by Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy. We introduced potassium atoms on the nanotubes to impose a long-range, Coulomb potential and measured the change in resistivity, excluding the contact resistance, by plotting the resistance as a function of the carbon nanotube length. The flux of potassium atoms coming onto the nanotubes was monitored by quartz crystal microbalance, and the scattering strength of a single potassium atom was deduced from the change in resistivity and the density of potassium atoms on the nanotubes. We found that the scattering strength of potassium atoms on semiconducting nanotubes depends on the charge carrier type (holes or electrons). Metallic nanotubes were found to be less affected by the presence of potassium atoms than semiconducting nanotubes, but the scattering strength showed a large dependence on Fermi energy. These experimental results were compared to theoretical simulations, and we found a good agreement with the experiments. Our findings provide crucial information for the application of carbon nanotubes for electronic devices, such as transistors and sensors.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: CFE0005729, ucf:50078
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005729

Title: AN RNAI SCREEN TO IDENTIFY COMPONENTS OF A POLYAMINE TRANSPORT SYSTEM.
Creator: Foley, Adam J, Von Kalm, Laurence, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Polyamines, specifically putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are small cationic molecules found in all organisms. Cells can biosynthetically make these molecules, or alternatively, they can be transported from the extracellular environment. Malignant cells have been shown to require relatively high amounts of polyamines. There is a chemotherapeutic agent, DFMO, used to block the biosynthesis of polyamines. Many malignant cells can circumvent DFMO therapy by activating their transport system...
Show morePolyamines, specifically putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are small cationic molecules found in all organisms. Cells can biosynthetically make these molecules, or alternatively, they can be transported from the extracellular environment. Malignant cells have been shown to require relatively high amounts of polyamines. There is a chemotherapeutic agent, DFMO, used to block the biosynthesis of polyamines. Many malignant cells can circumvent DFMO therapy by activating their transport system. A potential solution is to simultaneously block biosynthesis and transport of polyamines. However, little is known about the polyamine transport system in higher eukaryotes. This thesis aims to add to the basic biological understanding of the polyamine transport system, as well as contribute to our understanding of the way in which malignant cells are able to sustain rapid growth. This was done by screening six candidate genes believed to be involved in the polyamine transport system. These six genes were identified using various bioinformatics databases. They were screened using RNAi to knock down each gene of interest and by using an assay developed in our lab. One of the genes, RabX6, may play a possible role in the transport of putrescine.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: CFH2000187, ucf:46043
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000187

Title: SENSOR-BASED COMPUTING TECHNIQUES FOR REAL-TIME TRAFFIC EVACUATION MANAGEMENT.
Creator: Hamza-Lup, Georgiana, Hua, Kien, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The threat of terrorist incidents is higher than ever before and devastating acts, such as the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, have left many concerns about the possibility of future incidents and their potential impact. Unlike some natural disasters that can be anticipated, terrorist attacks are sudden and unexpected. Even if sometimes we do have partial information about a possible attack, it is generally not known exactly where, when, or how an attack will...
Show moreThe threat of terrorist incidents is higher than ever before and devastating acts, such as the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, have left many concerns about the possibility of future incidents and their potential impact. Unlike some natural disasters that can be anticipated, terrorist attacks are sudden and unexpected. Even if sometimes we do have partial information about a possible attack, it is generally not known exactly where, when, or how an attack will occur. This lack of information posses great challenges on those responsible for security, specifically, on their ability to respond fast, whenever necessary with flexibility and coordination. The surface transportation system plays a critical role in responding to terrorist attacks or other unpredictable human-caused disasters. In particular, existing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can be enhanced to improve the ability of the surface transportation system to efficiently respond to emergencies and recover from disasters. This research proposes the development of new information technologies to enhance today's ITS with capabilities to improve the crisis response capabilities of the surface transportation system. The objective of this research is to develop a Smart Traffic Evacuation Management System (STEMS) that responds rapidly and effectively to terrorist threats or other unpredictable disasters, by creating dynamic evacuation plans adaptable to continuously changing traffic conditions based on real-time information. The intellectual merit of this research is that the proposed STEMS will possess capabilities to support both the unexpected and unpredictable aspects of a terrorist attack and the dynamic aspect of the traffic network environment. Studies of related work indicate that STEMS is the first system that automatically generates evacuation plans, given the location and scope of an incident and the current traffic network conditions, and dynamically adjusts the plans based on real-time information received from sensors and other surveillance technologies. Refining the plans to keep them consistent with the current conditions significantly improves evacuation effectiveness. The changes that STEMS can handle range from slow, steady variations in traffic conditions, to more sudden variations caused by secondary accidents or other stochastic factors (e.g., high visibility events that determine a sudden increase in the density of the traffic). Being especially designed to handle evacuation in case of terrorist-caused disasters, STEMS can also handle multiple coordinated attacks targeting some strategic area over a short time frame. These are frequently encountered in terrorist acts as they are intended to create panic and terror. Due to the nature of the proposed work, an important component of this project is the development of a simulation environment to support the design and test of STEMS. Developing analytical patterns for modeling traffic dynamics has been explored in the literature at different levels of resolution and realism. Most of the proposed approaches are either too limited in representing reality, or too complex for handling large networks. The contribution of this work consists of investigating and developing traffic models and evacuation algorithms that overcome both of the above limitations. Two of the greatest impacts of this research in terms of science are as follows. First, the new simulation environment developed for this project provides a test bed to facilitate future work on traffic evacuation systems. Secondly, although the models and algorithms developed for STEMS are targeted towards traffic environments and evacuation, their applicability can be extended to other environments (e.g., building evacuation) and other traffic related problems (e.g., real-time route diversion in case of accidents). One of the broader impacts of this research would be the deployment of STEMS in a real environment. This research provides a fundamental tool for handling emergency evacuation for a full range of unpredictable incidents, regardless of cause, origin and scope. Wider and swifter deployment of STEMS will support Homeland Security in general, and will also enhance the surface transportation system on which so many Homeland Security stakeholders depend.
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Date Issued: 2006
Identifier: CFE0001248, ucf:46919
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001248

Title: PARTICIPATION: A MODEL OF INDIVIDUAL WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS.
Creator: Neidhart, Michael, Lawther, Wendell, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This study sought to identify the key determinants that lead individuals to participate in the transportation planning process. Two models of participation, one for the short-term and another for the long-term, were developed to test whether the key internal and external determinants are responsible for influencing a person's willingness to participate. The data for this study came from a mail-back survey that was administered to a random sample of 570 individuals throughout the State of...
Show moreThis study sought to identify the key determinants that lead individuals to participate in the transportation planning process. Two models of participation, one for the short-term and another for the long-term, were developed to test whether the key internal and external determinants are responsible for influencing a person's willingness to participate. The data for this study came from a mail-back survey that was administered to a random sample of 570 individuals throughout the State of Florida for a response rate of 37.37 percent. The results indicate that the internal motivational determinants exert more influence on a person's short-term willingness to participate as compared to a person's long-term willingness to participate. In addition, the external social capital determinants exert more influence on a person's long-term willingness to participate as compared to a person's short-term willingness to participate. However, only one of the three external citizenship orientation variables, participatory citizenship orientation, was found to be influential in determining a person's short-term willingness to participate. Recommendations were made for public managers to work collaboratively with the public as a participative facilitator, thereby opening up the decision-making process to the general public. One suggested course of action is for public managers to use existing civic organizations as a base for widening an agency's long-term planning outreach programs. In addition, suggestions for future research propose that qualitative studies delve in-depth into the positive/negative feelings related to participation, as well as look at how different public participation techniques may affect a person's willingness to participate, especially as it relates to different time frames.
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000452, ucf:46400
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000452

Title: SEXUAL HARASSMENT, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, AND LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES FOR WOMEN: CASE STUDY OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN.
Creator: Wilder, Rachel A, Guldi, Melanie, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This thesis investigates an understudied question in the economics literature: how does sexual harassment experienced in and around public transportation affect labor market outcomes for women? Previous research suggests that access to public transport can improve labor market outcomes and that women's use of public transportation is sometimes limited by their experience of sexual harassment. It follows that when harassment is particularly widespread or severe - as is the case in much of...
Show moreThis thesis investigates an understudied question in the economics literature: how does sexual harassment experienced in and around public transportation affect labor market outcomes for women? Previous research suggests that access to public transport can improve labor market outcomes and that women's use of public transportation is sometimes limited by their experience of sexual harassment. It follows that when harassment is particularly widespread or severe - as is the case in much of South Asia - it may lead women who depend on public transportation for travel to make different labor market choices or not to work at all. If this effect exists, then it holds important implications for policymakers who aim to boost economic development and social equality by increasing women's labor force participation. I analyze the case of Lahore, Pakistan using data from the Lahore Urban Transport Master Plan Household Interview Survey. I present a descriptive analysis of women's transportation usage, safety onboard transport, and employment in Lahore. I then use ordinary least squares and logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between proxy variables for harassment and women's odds of employment, use of public transportation, and price and time of day of commute. Results do not support the hypothesis that sexual harassment on transportation affects labor market outcomes for women. Important limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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Date Issued: 2018
Identifier: CFH2000322, ucf:45779
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000322

Title: VESICLE TARGETING IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM: THE IDENTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM FAMILY OF SNARE PROTEINS.
Creator: Ayong, Lawrence, Chakrabarti, Debopam, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Proteins of the SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) super-family have been characterized as playing an essential role in vesicle targeting and fusion in all eukaryotes. The intracellular malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exhibits an unusual endomembrane system that is characterized by an unstacked Golgi apparatus, a developmentally induced apical complex, and various organellar structures of parasite origin in the infected host cells. How malaria...
Show moreProteins of the SNARE (Soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) super-family have been characterized as playing an essential role in vesicle targeting and fusion in all eukaryotes. The intracellular malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exhibits an unusual endomembrane system that is characterized by an unstacked Golgi apparatus, a developmentally induced apical complex, and various organellar structures of parasite origin in the infected host cells. How malaria parasites target nuclear-encoded proteins to these novel compartments is a central question in Plasmodium cell biology. Ultrastructural studies elsewhere have implicated the participation of specialized vesicular elements in transport of virulence proteins, including various cytoadherance and host cell remodeling factors, into the infected erythrocyte cytoplasm. However, little is known about the machineries that define the directionality of vesicle trafficking in malaria parasites. We hypothesized that the P. falciparum SNARE proteins would exhibit novel features required for vesicle targeting to the parasite-specific compartments. We then identified for the first time and confirmed the expression of eighteen SNARE genes in P. falciparum. Members of the PfSNAREs exhibit atypical structural features (Ayong et al., 2007, Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology, 152(2), 113-122). Among the atypical PfSNAREs, PfSec22 contains an unusual insertion of the Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) within its profilin-like longin domain, preceded by an N-terminal hydrophobic segment. Localization analyses suggest that PfSec22 is predominantly a vesicle-associated SNARE of the ER/Golgi interface, but which associates partially with mobile extraparasitic vesicles in P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes at trophozoite stages. We showed that PfSec22 export into host cells occurs via a two-step model that involves extraparasitic vesicle budding from the parasite plasma membrane and fusion with the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane. Export of PfSec22 was independent of its membrane-insertion suggesting that this protein might cross the vacuolar space as a single-pass type IV membrane protein. We demonstrated that the atypical longin domain dictates the steady-state localization of PfSec22, regulating its ER/Golgi trafficking and export into host cells. Our study provides the first experimental evidence for SNARE protein export in P. falciparum, and suggests a role of PfSec22 in vesicle trafficking within the infected host cell (Ayong et al, Eukaryotic Cell, Epub Jul 17, 2009). Next, to define the physiological function of the PfSec22 protein in Plasmodium parasites, we investigated its cognate partners. Using purified recombinant proteins we showed that PfSec22 forms direct binding interactions with six other PfSNAREs in vitro. These included the PfSyn5, PfBet1, PfGS27, PfSyn6, PfSyn16 and PfSyn18 PfSNAREs. By generating GFP-expressing parasites, we successfully localized the SNARE proteins PfSyn5, PfBet1 and PfGS27 to the parasite cis-Golgi compartment. We confirmed the association of PfSec22 with PfSyn5, PfBet1 and PfGS27 in vivo by immunoprecipitation analyses. Our data indicate a conserved ER-to-Golgi SNARE assembly in P. falciparum, and suggest that the malaria Sec22 protein might form novel SNARE complexes required for vesicle traffic within P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes
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Date Issued: 2009
Identifier: CFE0002852, ucf:48053
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002852

Title: ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF ELICITING INDIVIDUAL WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR TRAVEL TIME SAVINGS: A PILOT STUDY.
Creator: LASCELLES, ASHLEY, Harrison, Glenn, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: How does one estimate the value of an individual's time? One possible way is to estimate how much a person is willing to pay for time savings. The majority of transportation studies have used stated preference surveys to estimate an individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for travel time savings. However, stated preferences approaches are subject to hypothetical bias since they elicit WTP for hypothetical outcomes instead of real outcomes. One study used a revealed preference approach...
Show moreHow does one estimate the value of an individual's time? One possible way is to estimate how much a person is willing to pay for time savings. The majority of transportation studies have used stated preference surveys to estimate an individual's willingness to pay (WTP) for travel time savings. However, stated preferences approaches are subject to hypothetical bias since they elicit WTP for hypothetical outcomes instead of real outcomes. One study used a revealed preference approach in a natural experiment to elicit WTP for travel time savings but the data was for a non-recurring event, which was not replicable. The purpose of this pilot study is to explore new methods, using procedures from a replicable field experiment, to elicit individual WTP for travel time savings. By using a revealed preference approach in an experimental setting, we address the legitimate concern over hypothetical bias while allowing the experimental methods and resulting data set to be replicated in other settings. The results show that the proposed field experiment is feasible, and that a sample of college students places a value of $22.43 on an hour of time. This estimated value is significantly greater than zero. We also find that individual WTP for travel time savings is significantly larger than the average wage rate, and that this WTP varies significantly across certain demographics. We conclude by reviewing the simplifying assumptions made within the study and offer extensions of how our data set can be replicated in the future for more complete analysis.
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Date Issued: 2008
Identifier: CFE0002184, ucf:47911
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002184

Title: Vehicle Tracking and Classification via 3D Geometries for Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Creator: Mcdowell, William, Mikhael, Wasfy, Jones, W Linwood, Haralambous, Michael, Atia, George, Mahalanobis, Abhijit, Muise, Robert, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: In this dissertation, we present generalized techniques which allow for the tracking and classification of vehicles by tracking various Point(s) of Interest (PoI) on a vehicle. Tracking the various PoI allows for the composition of those points into 3D geometries which are unique to a given vehicle type. We demonstrate this technique using passive, simulated image based sensor measurements and three separate inertial track formulations. We demonstrate the capability to classify the 3D...
Show moreIn this dissertation, we present generalized techniques which allow for the tracking and classification of vehicles by tracking various Point(s) of Interest (PoI) on a vehicle. Tracking the various PoI allows for the composition of those points into 3D geometries which are unique to a given vehicle type. We demonstrate this technique using passive, simulated image based sensor measurements and three separate inertial track formulations. We demonstrate the capability to classify the 3D geometries in multiple transform domains (PCA (&) LDA) using Minimum Euclidean Distance, Maximum Likelihood and Artificial Neural Networks. Additionally, we demonstrate the ability to fuse separate classifiers from multiple domains via Bayesian Networks to achieve ensemble classification.
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Date Issued: 2015
Identifier: CFE0005976, ucf:50790
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005976

Title: First Principle Studies of Cu-Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Structures with Emphasis on the Electronic Structures and the Transport Properties.
Creator: Yang, Chengyu, Chen, Quanfang, Leuenberger, Michael, Coffey, Kevin, Ishigami, Marsahir, Fang, Jiyu, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Carbon nanotubes have been regarded as ideal building blocks for nanoelectronics and multifunctional nanocomposites due to their exceptional strength, stiffness, flexibility, as well as their excellent electrical properties. However, carbon nanotube itself has limitations to fulfill the practical application needs: 1) an individual carbon nanotube has a low density of states at the Fermi level, and thus its conductivity is only comparable to moderate metals but lower than that of copper. 2)...
Show moreCarbon nanotubes have been regarded as ideal building blocks for nanoelectronics and multifunctional nanocomposites due to their exceptional strength, stiffness, flexibility, as well as their excellent electrical properties. However, carbon nanotube itself has limitations to fulfill the practical application needs: 1) an individual carbon nanotube has a low density of states at the Fermi level, and thus its conductivity is only comparable to moderate metals but lower than that of copper. 2) Metallic and semiconducting nanotubes are inherently mixed together from the synthesis, and the selection/separation is very difficult with very low efficiency. 3) Carbon nanotubes alone cannot be used in practical application and a bonding material is normally needed as the join material for actual devices. In this work, we fundamentally explored the possibility that metals (Cu, Al) could tailor carbon nanotube's electronic structure and even transit it from semiconducting to metallic, thus skipping the selection between the metallic and the semiconducting CNTs. We also found out a novel way to enhance a semiconducting CNT system's conductance even better than that of a metallic CNT system. All these researches are done under density functional theory (DFT) frame in conjunction with non-equilibrium Green functions (NEGF).At first we studied the adsorbed copper's influence on the electronic properties of CNT (10, 0) and CNT (5, 5). Results indicate that both the Density of States (DOS) and the transmission coefficients of CNT (5,5) /Cu have been increased. For CNT (10,0)/Cu, the band gap has been shrank, which means the improved conducting properties by the incorporation of copper . As a further case, semiconductor SWCNT (10, 0) with more adsorbed copper chains outside has been studied. 1, 4, 5 and 6 Cu chains have been added onto the carbon nanotube (10,0), and the adsorption of 6 Cu chains finally lead to the transform of the system from semiconducting to metallic. Considering the confining effect, the case that Cu filled into CNT (10, 0) is also studied. It is found that the filled copper chains could modify the system to be metallic more efficiently than the adsorbed Cu chain. Similarly, Al adsorbed on CNT (10, 0) is also studied, and it is found that Al has a better efficiency than copper in tuning the semiconducting CNT to metallic. The existing chemical bonds between the CNT and Al atoms may account for this higher efficiency. In addition, the resultant conductivity of the Al/CNT system is better than that of Cu/CNT system. The Cu/CNT (5,5)+Cu/Cu junction, as another realistic device setup, has been studied in terms of the conductance. The results show that the incorporation of Cu would enhance the conductance of the Cu/CNT/Cu system due to the interaction between Cu and the CNT.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFE0005280, ucf:50561
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005280

Title: Charge and Spin Transport in Low-Dimensional Materials.
Creator: Ahmadi, Amin, Mucciolo, Eduardo, Del Barco, Enrique, Ishigami, Masa, Guo, Jing, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: My research has been focused on two main areas. First, electronic transports in chiral carbonnanotubes in the presence of charged adatoms. To study such systems we employed recursiveGreens function technique to evaluate the conductance using the Landauer formula. Comparingwith the experimental data, we determined the effective amplitude and the range of scatteringpotentials. In addition, using a similar approach we explained qualitatively an unusual conductancefeature in a metallic carbon...
Show moreMy research has been focused on two main areas. First, electronic transports in chiral carbonnanotubes in the presence of charged adatoms. To study such systems we employed recursiveGreens function technique to evaluate the conductance using the Landauer formula. Comparingwith the experimental data, we determined the effective amplitude and the range of scatteringpotentials. In addition, using a similar approach we explained qualitatively an unusual conductancefeature in a metallic carbon nanotube. The second part of my study was concerned to the dynamicalspin injection and spin currents in low-dimensional materials. We have developed an atomisticmodel to express the injected spin current in terms of the systems Greens function. The newformulation provides a framework to study the spin injection and relaxation of a system with anarbitrary structure.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: CFE0006550, ucf:51343
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006550

Title: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN TRANSPORTATION: AN EMPERICAL TEST FOR AUTHENTIC PARTICIPATION.
Creator: Figueredo, Jorge, Wang, Xiaohu, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: This dissertation examines the public participation activities of State Departments of Transportation (SDOTs) in the United States. A review of existing literature and legal frameworks suggests that an "authentic" public participation results when dimensions of representativeness, use of public inputs, interactiveness, and quality of citizen inputs have been achieved. The study sought to identify conditions that serve as measurements that must presumably be satisfied for authenticity to exist...
Show moreThis dissertation examines the public participation activities of State Departments of Transportation (SDOTs) in the United States. A review of existing literature and legal frameworks suggests that an "authentic" public participation results when dimensions of representativeness, use of public inputs, interactiveness, and quality of citizen inputs have been achieved. The study sought to identify conditions that serve as measurements that must presumably be satisfied for authenticity to exist in public participation. The result was a Model of Authentic Public Participation that served as the basis for creation of a new four-tiered methodology to assess the performance of these districts relative to authenticity requirements. This study also sought to identify the key determinants that lead districts to achieve Authentic Public Participation in District public involvement programs. A Predictor Model for Authentic Public Participation was created to test whether the key internal and external determinants are responsible for districts achieving authenticity in their public participation programs. The data for this study came from a mail-back survey that was administered to senior district administrators in 380 State Departments of Transportation districts in the United States. A total of 233 surveys were returned for a response rate of 61.3 percent. The results of the study suggest that most SDOT districts struggle to implement public participation programs that achieve high levels of authenticity. The increased use of public participation tools, specifically those active tools that allow for increased interaction between district staff and the public, can assist districts in achieving higher levels of authenticity in their programs. Of key importance to achievement of authenticity is the willingness of district staff to adopt new ideas and innovation learned from dealings with the public. District public participation programs benefit from training that increases the individual's acceptance of public participation as a valid mechanism for serving the public. Recommendations were made for SDOTs to work toward: • The creation of increased opportunities for the occurrence of Authentic Public Participation • The creation of individual ownership of authenticity in public participation • The creation of community partnerships to foster authenticity in public participation
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Date Issued: 2005
Identifier: CFE0000585, ucf:46479
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0000585

Title: COMMUTING IN PORTLAND OREGON: THE ADVANTAGES OF LIVING WITHIN A TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY COMPARED TO TRADITIONAL SUBURBAN DEVELOPMENT BY COMPARING ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND HEALTH FACTORS.
Creator: Simpson, Kyle, Hawkins, Christopher, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: Transportation is a function that affects nearly all life decisions, but is often not given much thought by the average individual throughout their daily routines. Most of this complacency streams from the mainstream development patterns in the United States that have changed little from the end of World War II. During the immediate post-war years a perfect mix for suburban living came together: the mass production of automobiles, guaranteed mortgages from the federal government through the G...
Show moreTransportation is a function that affects nearly all life decisions, but is often not given much thought by the average individual throughout their daily routines. Most of this complacency streams from the mainstream development patterns in the United States that have changed little from the end of World War II. During the immediate post-war years a perfect mix for suburban living came together: the mass production of automobiles, guaranteed mortgages from the federal government through the G.I. Bill, and in 1956 the passage of the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act. These factors, along with the dominate social paradigm that the "American Dream" was to have a personal front and back yard, helped profoundly transform development in the country. Over half a century later, the United States is now experiencing the consequences of this sprawled, auto-dependent development pattern. Energy prices have increased substantially over the past decade, which were only contained momentarily by a worldwide recession that was arguably caused by the same development patterns. Environmental consequences are becoming increasingly evident, ranging from contaminated storm-water runoff, to global climate change. Similarly, mental and physical health has degraded rapidly, with a soaring depression and obesity rates. The United States can, and should do better than this. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) offers a solution to help alleviate many of the complex issues that many communities must address. While there is no perfect template, TOD is an important step forward for the overall quality of life for individuals throughout the nation. This report will look at the steps that have been taken in the Portland Oregon Metropolitan Area to discourage sprawl development, measuring the effects of their actions on environmental, economic and health factors.
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Date Issued: 2013
Identifier: CFH0004431, ucf:45143
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004431

Title: Spin and Charge Transport in Graphene Based Devices.
Creator: Anguera Antonana, Marta, Del Barco, Enrique, Peale, Robert, Bhattacharya, Aniket, Schoenfeld, Winston, University of Central Florida
Abstract / Description: The present dissertation is comprehended in two main parts. The first part is focused on understanding the mechanisms behind spin current to charge current interconversion (i.e. the spin Hall angle), where the spin current is generated by means of spin pumping. The measurement of a positive spin Hall angle of magnitude 0.004 in Uranium is reported in Chapter 2. These results support the idea that the electronic configuration may be at least as important as the atomic number in governing spin...
Show moreThe present dissertation is comprehended in two main parts. The first part is focused on understanding the mechanisms behind spin current to charge current interconversion (i.e. the spin Hall angle), where the spin current is generated by means of spin pumping. The measurement of a positive spin Hall angle of magnitude 0.004 in Uranium is reported in Chapter 2. These results support the idea that the electronic configuration may be at least as important as the atomic number in governing spin Hall effects. In Chapter 3, the design of a spintronics device designed to interconvert charge and spin currents in CVD graphene is presented. The second part of the thesis is centered in the study of transport through single molecules with the use of three-terminal devices. The first evidence of a molecular double quantum dot is detailed in Chapter 5. The conclusions are supported by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and single-electron transistors (SETs) measurements. Using gold electrodes for SETs measurements has its disadvantages, two of the main ones being: the junctions are not stable at room temperature and it does not allow for transport measurements in the presence of light. Graphene electrodes, on the other hand, have been reported to be stable at temperatures above room temperature and have no absorption in the visible range. Along those lines, the development of a multilayer graphene-based SET is reported in Chapter 6. Finally, a new technique, based on CVD graphene transistors, that will allow three-terminal measurements on an STM is described in Chapter 7.
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Date Issued: 2017
Identifier: CFE0006715, ucf:51897
Format: Document (PDF)
PURL: http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006715

Intelligent Transportation Systems (7)	+ -
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electron transport (5)	+ -
VLDL (4)	+ -
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graphene (3)	+ -
transport (3)	+ -
ApoB (2)	+ -
Charge Transport (2)	+ -
Cholesterol (2)	+ -
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Finite Element Method (2)	+ -
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Lagrangian-Eulerian approach (2)	+ -
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (2)	+ -
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