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- Title
- TO HYDRATE OR CHLORINATE:A REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE LEVELS OF CHLORINE IN THE PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY.
- Creator
-
Doyle, Drew, Ni, Liqiang, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Public water supplies contain disease-causing microorganisms in the water or distribution ducts. In order to kill off these pathogens, a disinfectant, such as chlorine, is added to the water. Chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant in all U.S. water treatment facilities. Chlorine is known to be one of the most powerful disinfectants to restrict harmful pathogens from reaching the consumer. In the interest of obtaining a better understanding of what variables affect the levels of...
Show morePublic water supplies contain disease-causing microorganisms in the water or distribution ducts. In order to kill off these pathogens, a disinfectant, such as chlorine, is added to the water. Chlorine is the most widely used disinfectant in all U.S. water treatment facilities. Chlorine is known to be one of the most powerful disinfectants to restrict harmful pathogens from reaching the consumer. In the interest of obtaining a better understanding of what variables affect the levels of chlorine in the water, this thesis will analyze a particular set of water samples randomly collected from locations in Orange County, Florida. Thirty water samples will be collected and have their chlorine level, temperature, and pH recorded. A linear regression analysis will be performed on the data collected with several qualitative and quantitative variables. Water storage time, temperature, time of day, location, pH, and dissolved oxygen level will be the independent variables collected from each water sample. All data collected will be analyzed through various Statistical Analysis System (SAS) procedures. Partial residual plots will be used to determine possible relationships between the chlorine level and the independent variables and stepwise selection to eliminate possible insignificant predictors. From there, several possible models for the data will be selected. F tests will be conducted to determine which of the models appears to be the most useful. All tests will include hypotheses, test statistics, p values, and conclusions. There will also be an analysis of the residual plot, jackknife residuals, leverage values, Cook's D, press statistic, and normal probability plot of the residuals. Possible outliers will be investigated and the critical values for flagged observations will be stated along with what problems the flagged values indicate.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFH0004907, ucf:45497
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH0004907
- Title
- Restoration of Lake Waters.
- Creator
-
Boyter, Charles James, Wanielista, Martin P., Florida Technical University
- Abstract / Description
-
Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; Lake restoration procedures are reviewed with the objective of making recommendations toward future lake restorations for central Florida lakes. The progress of drawdown for restoration is examined. A total phosphorus model is developed for Lake Eola to predict the success of the drawdown. No one restoration procedure should be applied to every lake in central Florida. Each situation must be studied separately. It appears that...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; Lake restoration procedures are reviewed with the objective of making recommendations toward future lake restorations for central Florida lakes. The progress of drawdown for restoration is examined. A total phosphorus model is developed for Lake Eola to predict the success of the drawdown. No one restoration procedure should be applied to every lake in central Florida. Each situation must be studied separately. It appears that lake drawdown was the best technique to use for Lake Eola. However, the stormwater inputs and free-flowing drains must be purified to insure the success of the drawdown or the Lake will return within the immediate future to its previous eutrophic state.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1972
- Identifier
- CFR0003475, ucf:53034
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0003475
- Title
- BENCH SCALE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL FOULING-RESISTENT LOW PRESSURE REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES USING HIGH ORGANIC SURFACE WATER AND SYNTHETIC COLLOIDAL WATER.
- Creator
-
Doan, Matthew, Randall, Andrew, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
The utilization of membrane treatment for the production of potable water has become more prevalent in today's industry. As drinking water regulations become more stringent this trend is expected to continue. Widespread use is also a result of membrane treatment being the best available treatment in many cases. While membrane treatment is a proven technology that can produce a consistently superior product to conventional treatment methods, membrane fouling and concentrate disposal are...
Show moreThe utilization of membrane treatment for the production of potable water has become more prevalent in today's industry. As drinking water regulations become more stringent this trend is expected to continue. Widespread use is also a result of membrane treatment being the best available treatment in many cases. While membrane treatment is a proven technology that can produce a consistently superior product to conventional treatment methods, membrane fouling and concentrate disposal are issues that drive up the cost of membrane treatment and can effectively eliminate it from consideration as a treatment alternative. This research focused on membrane fouling. A series of filtration experiments were conducted on various membranes to investigate the physical and chemical factors that influence fouling. The effects of both organic and colloidal fouling were explored by conducting research on various commercial membranes and experimental membranes by Saehan Industries, Inc. (Saehan). Saehan's membranes were in various stages of development in their process of creating a more fouling resistant membrane (FRM). Various hydrodynamic and chemical conditions were used to characterize the evolution of the Saehan commercial products to the experimental FRMs. The developmental stage of the membrane tested included analysis of the various trade secret coating techniques termed single, double, and special. A proprietary post-treatment process was also utilized in combination with each of the coating techniques. The developmental membranes were also compared to commercially available FRMs. The existing FRMs showed better fouling resistance than Saehan's commercially available products in high organic surficial groundwater testing. Synthetic colloidal water testing demonstrated the superior performance of the FRMs, but was not acute enough to differentiate the fouling performance within the group of FRMs or Saehan products. Average roughness decreased slightly as coating technique progressed from single to double to special. Post-treatment increased roughness in single coated membranes and reduced the roughness in double and special coated membranes. The relative charge differences in the developmental membranes were exhibited among non post-treated membranes. Post-treatment membranes did not demonstrate relative surface charge differences consistent with the manufacturer. Initial mass transfer coefficient, determined by clean water testing, increased as coating moved from single to double to special. Clean water testing showed increased initial mass transfer coefficient for membranes with post-treatment. Single coated membranes showed the best salt rejection capability among non post-treated membranes. Post-treatment increased selectivity for all membrane coating techniques. The coating effect on fouling potential had an inverse relationship between single coated versus double and special coated membranes. The post-treatment increased fouling resistance for the single coated membranes, but decreased fouling resistance of double and special coated membranes. The SN7 membranes showed the best performance of the developmental membranes.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2006
- Identifier
- CFE0001508, ucf:47123
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001508
- Title
- Wastewater Pretreatment System for a Printed Circuit Board.
- Creator
-
Green, Raymond F., McLellon, Waldron M., Engineering
- Abstract / Description
-
University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; The wastewater from the electroplating processes required for the production of printed circuit boards has a high heavy metal content. The regulatory agencies of both the Federal Government and the State of Florida set pretreatment limitations on the quantity of the hazardous heavy metal ions that may be discharged t o a receiving body of water or to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works. A number of treatment processes are available for...
Show moreUniversity of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; The wastewater from the electroplating processes required for the production of printed circuit boards has a high heavy metal content. The regulatory agencies of both the Federal Government and the State of Florida set pretreatment limitations on the quantity of the hazardous heavy metal ions that may be discharged t o a receiving body of water or to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works. A number of treatment processes are available for the effective removal of these pollutants. The mechanism behind the more common processes are discussed in this paper. Many variables must be considered in the design of a wastewater pretreatment system. The more important variables are enumerated and the criteria to integrate these variables into the treatment selection process and ultimately into the design of the pretreatment system are covered in detail. Flow diagrams and equipment lists for the treatment processes selected are given as well as a breakdown of the total construction costs for this project.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1979
- Identifier
- CFR0003474, ucf:53023
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0003474
- Title
- IT TAKES A VILLAGE TO RAISE WATER QUALITY: THE EFFECTS OF RESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY TAXATION MECHANISMS ON LAKE WATER QUALITY IN ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA.
- Creator
-
Hutchens, Andrew P, Scrogin, David, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Achieving environmental standards with efficient and cost-effective economic systems is a subject whose importance is increasing in conjunction with growing technological innovation and urbanization. This project contributes to the subject's literature by empirically examining the effects of a voluntary taxation mechanism on the water quality of designated lakes in Orange County, Florida. One of two taxing district types is voluntarily formed by lakefront or near-lakefront property owners: a...
Show moreAchieving environmental standards with efficient and cost-effective economic systems is a subject whose importance is increasing in conjunction with growing technological innovation and urbanization. This project contributes to the subject's literature by empirically examining the effects of a voluntary taxation mechanism on the water quality of designated lakes in Orange County, Florida. One of two taxing district types is voluntarily formed by lakefront or near-lakefront property owners: a Municipal Service Taxing District (MSTU), wherein participants pay an ad valorem tax based on property values, or a Municipal Service Benefit Unit (MSBU), wherein participants pay an equal flat rate tax independent of property value. The taxing districts' purpose is to allocate specific funds for water management and water quality improvement, so the fixed effects econometric analyses examine the efficacy of the mechanisms using publicly available water quality data on Trophic State Index (TSI) ratings, Secchi disk depth measurements, phosphorus levels, and nitrogen levels. The empirical results show that MSTU/MSBU taxing districts are moderately effective at reducing phosphorus and nitrogen levels and that MSTU designation is weakly superior to MSBU designation. Moreover, certain taxing district characteristics are shown to be important for mechanism effectiveness.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFH2000482, ucf:45729
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFH2000482
- Title
- Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Biomimetic, Bioinspired and Bio-related Functional Polymers for Atmospheric Water Recovery.
- Creator
-
Alqassar, Abdullah, Chang, Ni-bin, Leon, Lorraine, Zheng, Qipeng, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
Atmospheric water recovery in changing environments has received wide attention in environmental science and engineering communities due to rapid population growth and frequent droughts. This study is focused on the design, synthesis, and characterization of biomimetic, bioinspired, and bio-related functional polymers (b3p) to help resolve the water supply issue especially in arid or semi-arid regions. It is aimed to develop unique synthetic methods to access well-defined polymers with the...
Show moreAtmospheric water recovery in changing environments has received wide attention in environmental science and engineering communities due to rapid population growth and frequent droughts. This study is focused on the design, synthesis, and characterization of biomimetic, bioinspired, and bio-related functional polymers (b3p) to help resolve the water supply issue especially in arid or semi-arid regions. It is aimed to develop unique synthetic methods to access well-defined polymers with the aid of nanomaterials and metal to produce next generation polymer materials for better atmospheric water recovery. The design of such new b3p is bioinspired by some skin materials of biological species such as frogs, beetles, or spiders. Such synthetic efforts are also coupled with fundamental studies of the polymer functions and structures, providing renewed understanding of how molecular structure and processing parameters associated with different nanomaterials impact macroscopic properties. This research was conducted by using a class of cross-linked hydrophilic copolymers known as hydrogels that exhibit a high fluid absorbency, up to 1,000 times to their own weight. Using free radical polymerization to cross-link two different monomers, such as Acrylamide (Am) and Acrylic Acid (Aa) loaded with Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) and coated with gold nanoparticles (Au-Np's), can produce novel thermally-responsive hydrophilic copolymer (e.g. Poly (Am-co-Aa)/Au-Np's/CaCl2) that was placed inside a controlled structure for testing. The new b3p materials can adsorb water vapor in the evening via a swelling process and discharge water vapor in the morning via a deswelling process to harvest the atmospheric water for recovery and reuse. The new b3p materials demonstrated high average swelling percentage of about 3541% when placed in water under a temperature range of [20-30oC] for 5 hours. The hydrogel loaded with 3.3701ivgrams CaCl2 was placed in the furnace under relative humidity percentage (RH) range of [80-90%] and can absorb up to 27% of the atmospheric water undergoing the same time. The research concludes that the proposed synthetic method contributes to solving such contemporary challenge in green chemistry to some extent. Further studies are needed to deeply investigate the ability of this new hydrogel to load more dissolved solids such as CaCl2.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2019
- Identifier
- CFE0007776, ucf:52370
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0007776
- Title
- An application of a computerized mathematical model for estimating the quantity and quality of nonpoint sources of pollution from small urban and nonurban watersheds.
- Creator
-
Ingraham, Charles John, Wanielista, Martin P., Engineering
- Abstract / Description
-
Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; The problem of "Total Water Management" is reviewed; particular emphasis is given to the magnitude and intensity of pollution from nonpoint sources. The relationship between land usage in south Florida and subsequent effects upon receiving water bodies is discussed. Basic factors effecting hydrological and ecological subsystems are illustrated. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Urban Storm Water Runoff Mathematical Model, "STORM,"...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; The problem of "Total Water Management" is reviewed; particular emphasis is given to the magnitude and intensity of pollution from nonpoint sources. The relationship between land usage in south Florida and subsequent effects upon receiving water bodies is discussed. Basic factors effecting hydrological and ecological subsystems are illustrated. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Urban Storm Water Runoff Mathematical Model, "STORM," is introduced. Model parameters and methodology are discussed. The mathematical relationships and modeling processes are reviewed and the model is exercised using a "new generation" southeast Florida community (The City of Palm Beach Gardens) as the subject of study. It is concluded that the model can be beneficial in supporting estimates of pollutant loading to receiving waters from nonpoint sources. Iteration with the model, varying control facility cost and capacity, provides a cost effective tool for land and water resource planners. However, due to the particular nature of soils, atmospheric and urban conditions in south Florida, the model should be calibrated with input constants and default values derived to more accurately reflect the southeast Florida environment.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1975
- Identifier
- CFR0003515, ucf:53006
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0003515
- Title
- Validation of a Transient Simulation Program (TRNSYS).
- Creator
-
Goldiez, Brian F., Klee, Harold, Engineering
- Abstract / Description
-
Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; Although a Transient Simulation Program (TRNSYS) has become a widely used model for simulating a solar energy system, there has not been extensive work done in validating this model with actual data. The approach used to validate this model consisted of a modular buildup of components with validation for each module. Extreme care was taken in choosing the necessary parameters to model each component. Where parameters were not...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; Although a Transient Simulation Program (TRNSYS) has become a widely used model for simulating a solar energy system, there has not been extensive work done in validating this model with actual data. The approach used to validate this model consisted of a modular buildup of components with validation for each module. Extreme care was taken in choosing the necessary parameters to model each component. Where parameters were not given, they were either derived or reasonable values were selected based upon general conditions prevailing in Central Florida or conditions which are generally true for certain solar hot water systems. The intent of this approach was to avoid forcing the model to fit experimental data. Such forcing can cause present results to correlate favorably, but gives no assurances for model performance in future simulations which may be made for varying conditions or completely different systems.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1979
- Identifier
- CFR0004772, ucf:52979
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0004772
- Title
- Analytical and experimental investigation of pumped solar hot water systems.
- Creator
-
Pearce, Jeffrey B., Evans, Ronald D., Engineering
- Abstract / Description
-
Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; A transient computer model of a forced circulation solar hot water system has been developed. The model allows for capacitance effects by solving the energy balances on a four node model of the solar collector. The tank model is designed to include the presence of an auxiliary heater and to allow for the non ideal condition of load drawoff. Five tests were done to validate the computer model. These tests include a comparison of...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; A transient computer model of a forced circulation solar hot water system has been developed. The model allows for capacitance effects by solving the energy balances on a four node model of the solar collector. The tank model is designed to include the presence of an auxiliary heater and to allow for the non ideal condition of load drawoff. Five tests were done to validate the computer model. These tests include a comparison of the computer simulation with experimental data and a model available in the literature. The results of these tests indicate that the computer model is able to predict the collector inlet and outlet temperatures within 10% for typical operating conditions.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1975
- Identifier
- CFR0003463, ucf:53033
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0003463
- Title
- VERIFICATION OF PILOT-SCALE IRON RELEASE MODELS.
- Creator
-
Glatthorn, Stephen, Taylor, James, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
A model for the prediction of color release from a pilot distribution system was created in 2003 by Imran. This model allows prediction of the release of color from aged cast iron and galvanized steel pipes as a function of water quality and hydraulic residence time. Color was used as a surrogate measurement for iron, which exhibited a strong linear correlation. An anomaly of this model was an absence of a term to account for pH, due to the influent water being well stabilized. A new study...
Show moreA model for the prediction of color release from a pilot distribution system was created in 2003 by Imran. This model allows prediction of the release of color from aged cast iron and galvanized steel pipes as a function of water quality and hydraulic residence time. Color was used as a surrogate measurement for iron, which exhibited a strong linear correlation. An anomaly of this model was an absence of a term to account for pH, due to the influent water being well stabilized. A new study was completed to evaluate the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors against traditional adjustment. Two control lines were supplied with nearly same water qualities, one at pH close to pHs and one at pH well above pHs. The resulting data showed that effluent iron values were typically greater in the line with lower pH. The non-linear color model by Imran shows good agreement when the LSI was largely positive, but underpredicted the color release from the lower LSI line. A modification to the Larson Ratio proposed by Imran was able to give a reasonable agreement to the data at lower LSI values. LSI showed no definite relation to iron release, although a visual trend of higher LSI mitigating iron release can be seen. An iron flux model was also developed on the same pilot system by Mutoti. This model was based on a steady state mass balance of iron in a pipe. The constants for the model were empirically derived from experiments at different hydraulic conditions with a constant water quality. Experiments were assumed to reach steady state at 3 pipe volumes due to the near constant effluent turbidity achieved at this point. The model proposes that the iron flux under laminar flow conditions is constant, while the iron flux is linearly related to the Reynolds Number under turbulent conditions. This model incorporates the color release models developed by Imran to calculate flux values from different water qualities. A limited number of experiments were performed in the current study using desalinated and ground water sources at Reynolds Numbers ranging from 50 to 200. The results of these limited experiments showed that the iron flux for cast iron pipe was approximately one-half of the predicted values from Mutoti. This discrepancy may be caused by the more extensive flushing of the pipes performed on the current experiments which allowed attainment of a true steady state. Model changes were proposed to distinguish between near stagnant flow and the upper laminar region, with the upper laminar region showing a slight linear increase. Predictions using the galvanized flux model were not accurate due to an inferior color release model that was developed for galvanized pipes. The model exhibits a high dependence on sulfate concentrations, but concentrations of sulfates in the current experiments were low. This led to low predicted flux values when the actual data showed otherwise. A new galvanized model was developed from a combination of data from the original and current experiments. The predicted flux values using the new model showed great improvement over the old model, but the new model database was limited and the resulting model was not able to be independently tested.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2007
- Identifier
- CFE0001704, ucf:47332
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0001704
- Title
- Molecular Size Distributions of Heavy Metals in Lake Washington.
- Creator
-
Andrews, William B., Taylor, James S., Engineering
- Abstract / Description
-
University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; Four untreated and one magnesium treated water samples from Lake Washington, the potable water source for the city of Melbourne, Florida, were collected and analyzed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mb, Ca, and color on the basis of molecular weight distribution. Molecular weight distributions of the samples were obtained using a Millipore ultrafiltration system and filters in the following sizes: 106, 105, 2.5 x 104, 104, and...
Show moreUniversity of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis; Four untreated and one magnesium treated water samples from Lake Washington, the potable water source for the city of Melbourne, Florida, were collected and analyzed for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mb, Ca, and color on the basis of molecular weight distribution. Molecular weight distributions of the samples were obtained using a Millipore ultrafiltration system and filters in the following sizes: 106, 105, 2.5 x 104, 104, and 103 nominal molecular weight limits (nmwl). color causing materials in the untreated samples were found to be located in the molecular weight fraction greater than 2.5 x 104 nmwl. The majoity of the metals concentrations (approximately greater than 80%) were also found to be located in the molecular weight fraction greater than 2.5 x 104 nmwl. Analysis of the magnesium treated (for maximum color removal) sample showed higher concentrations of metals passing the respective filter sizes as opposed to the untreated samples indicating less complexation or smaller molecular complexes of the metals. Thus, a fairly strong correlation betwee heavy metals concentrations and colorin the Lake Washington samples was indicated.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1979
- Identifier
- CFR0008138, ucf:52945
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0008138
- Title
- A Continuous Hydrologic Model Structure for Applications at Multiple Time Scales.
- Creator
-
Griffen, Jonathan, Wang, Dingbao, O'Reilly, Andrew, Medeiros, Stephen, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
There are many different controlling factors on the partitioning of rainfall into runoff. However, the influence of each of these controls varies across different temporal scales. Consequently, numerous water balance models have been developed in the literature for application across various time scales. These models are usually developed for a particular time scale so that the controls with the greatest influence on rainfall partitioning are captured. For example, the SCS curve number method...
Show moreThere are many different controlling factors on the partitioning of rainfall into runoff. However, the influence of each of these controls varies across different temporal scales. Consequently, numerous water balance models have been developed in the literature for application across various time scales. These models are usually developed for a particular time scale so that the controls with the greatest influence on rainfall partitioning are captured. For example, the SCS curve number method was developed to simulate direct runoff at the event scale; the (")abcd(") model was developed as a monthly water balance model; and the Budyko model was developed for long-term water balance. More recently, the proportionality hypothesis, which traces its origins from the SCS curve number method, has been identified as the commonality between these three hydrologic models, suggesting that this hypothesis may be the unifying principle of hydrologic models across various time scales.The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual hydrologic model structure for continuous simulations for multiple time scales. The developed model is applicable to daily, monthly, and annual time scales.Direct runoff is computed by a proportionality relationship in the SCS curve number method. In the (")abcd(") model, evapotranspiration and storage at the end of each time period are computed by a proportionality relationship, however evapotranspiration is computed based on an exponential relationship of storage and potential evapotranspiration while base flow is computed based on a linear reservoir model. In the Budyko model, runoff and evapotranspiration are computed by a proportionality relationship.The primary difference with the proposed model in this thesis in comparison with the other three water balance models is the application of the proportionality hypothesis to the partitioning of surface runoff and continuing abstraction as well as the partitioning of continuing evapotranspiration and subsurface flow.The proposed model structure is implemented in Matlab. The developed model includes six parameters, which are estimated for 71 case study catchments in the United States using a genetic algorithm. The model performances at the daily, monthly and annual time scales are evaluated during calibration and validation periods, and compared with the (")abcd(") model and a Budyko-type model developed for multiple time scales.Evaluation of the models shows that the proposed model performs better or comparable to the other models at all time scales.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2014
- Identifier
- CFE0005173, ucf:50672
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005173
- Title
- Detection of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Water Samples using a Terbium and Gold Nanoparticle-based FRET Chemosensor.
- Creator
-
Johnson, Madeleine, Campiglia, Andres, Zou, Shengli, Harper, James, Frazer, Andrew, Khondaker, Saiful, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
A novel chemosensor for the detection of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in environmental water samples is outlined. The sensing solution is comprised of a luminescent lanthanide, terbium (Tb3+), chelated to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) acid in solution with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)- capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The Tb-EDTA and AuNPs undergo a Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism in which the Tb3+ luminescence is quenched. Upon the addition of...
Show moreA novel chemosensor for the detection of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in environmental water samples is outlined. The sensing solution is comprised of a luminescent lanthanide, terbium (Tb3+), chelated to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) acid in solution with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)- capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The Tb-EDTA and AuNPs undergo a Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism in which the Tb3+ luminescence is quenched. Upon the addition of inorganic phosphate (Pi), the AuNPs begin to aggregate and precipitate out of solution. The aggregation of AuNPs results in the restoration of the Tb-EDTA signal which can then be correlated to Pi concentration in the matrix of analysis. The developed sensor has the potential for on-site monitoring of Pi in environmental waters at the sampling location; this would be advantageous for the prevention and understanding of eutrophication events caused by anthropogenic release of nutrients such as Pi. The limit of detection (LOD) of the luminescence sensor (83 ppb-Pi) is within the range of LODs previously reported for on-site monitoring of Pi. Quantitative analysis carried out via the multiple standard additions method provided accurate determination of Pi concentrations in heavily contaminated environmental waters. Additional studies include the synthesis of an organic antenna for the sensitization of the lanthanide ion and further improvement of detection levels.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2017
- Identifier
- CFE0006747, ucf:51874
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006747
- Title
- Dishwashing Water Recycling System and Related Water Quality Standards for Military Use.
- Creator
-
Church, Jared, Lee, Woo Hyoung, Randall, Andrew, Duranceau, Steven, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
-
As the demand for reliable and safe water supplies increases, both water quality and available quantity are being challenged by population growth and climate change. Greywater reuse is becoming a common practice worldwide; however, in remote locations of limited water supply, such as those encountered in military installations, it is desirable to expand its classification to include dishwashing water to maximize the conservation of fresh water. Given that no standards for dishwashing...
Show moreAs the demand for reliable and safe water supplies increases, both water quality and available quantity are being challenged by population growth and climate change. Greywater reuse is becoming a common practice worldwide; however, in remote locations of limited water supply, such as those encountered in military installations, it is desirable to expand its classification to include dishwashing water to maximize the conservation of fresh water. Given that no standards for dishwashing greywater reuse by the military are currently available, the current study determined a specific set of water quality standards for dishwater recycling systems for U.S military field operations. A tentative water reuse standard for dishwashing water was developed based on federal and state regulations and guidelines for non-potable water, and the developed standard was cross-evaluated by monitoring water quality data from a full-scale dishwashing water recycling system using an innovative electrocoagulation and ultrafiltration process. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was also performed based on exposure scenarios derived from literature data. As a result, a specific set of dishwashing water reuse standards for field analysis (simple, but accurate) was finalized as follows: turbidity ((<)1 NTU), E. coli ((<)50 cfu mL-1), and pH (6(-)9). UV254 was recommended as a surrogate for organic contaminants (e.g., BOD5), but requires further calibration steps for validation. The developed specific water standard is the first for dishwashing water reuse and will be expected to ensure that water quality is safe for field operations, but not so stringent that design complexity, cost, and operational and maintenance requirements will not be feasible for field use. In addition the parameters can be monitored using simple equipment in a field setting with only modest training requirements and real-time or rapid sample turn-around. This standard may prove useful in future development of civilian guidelines.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0005773, ucf:50061
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0005773
- Title
- Stormwater Management for Urban Areas.
- Creator
-
Chancellor, Gerald L., Wanielista, Martin P., Engineering
- Abstract / Description
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Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; Stormwater management in urban areas is a major concern today. The problem of disposing of this stormwater runoff in a satisfactory manner is very difficult indeed. Both the quantity and quality aspects of the runoff must be dealt with to obtain a solution of this problem. The water quality of the runoff can vary depending upon the different land uses of the drainage basin. The quantity of the stormwater runoff also depends upon...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; Stormwater management in urban areas is a major concern today. The problem of disposing of this stormwater runoff in a satisfactory manner is very difficult indeed. Both the quantity and quality aspects of the runoff must be dealt with to obtain a solution of this problem. The water quality of the runoff can vary depending upon the different land uses of the drainage basin. The quantity of the stormwater runoff also depends upon the land uses, the rainfall intensity and duration of the storm. The traditional methods available for determining the quantity of the stormwater runoff are numerous. These traditional methods and recently developed mathematical simulation models are discussed in this paper. Prediction of the water quality of stormwater runoff is in its infancy. Several of the mathematical models have the capabilities of quality simulation, however, the simulation results are usually inconsistent with actual quality data. Of the simulation models currently in use, the EPA Storm Water Management Model is one of the most comprehensive models. Application and verification of these newly developed models is limited. The EPA Model was chosen to simulate the quantity and quality of a small urban drainage area. The study area chosen was an urban commercial section of the Lake Eola drainage basin. Physical data of the study area, such as ground slopes, storm swere sizes and locations and slopes were determined. This data was then utilized for simulations of actual rainfall events. Verification of the quantity and quality simulation results was performed with actual quantity and quality data obtained for these rainfall events. Quantity simulation was considered successful with good correlation between the simulated and actual runoff. Quality simulation was successful to a lesser degree, the conclusion being that further quality calibration of the Model was required. Correlation between actual and simulated stormwater quality was achieved to some extent. The lack of correlation was felt to be due to calibration of the Model.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1975
- Identifier
- CFR0008137, ucf:52951
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0008137
- Title
- WATER POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST:A MULTICASE APPROACH TO REGIONAL WATER SHORTAGE.
- Creator
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Mulholland, Holly, Sadri, Houman, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Water shortage is a salient issue in the Middle East commonly overshadowed by more sensational topics such as the oil crisis and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. There is a debate among scholars as to whether water shortages in the Middle East will destabilize the region into armed conflict. Realists argue that non sustainable water sources will be the catalyst which will inevitably lead states to fight one another in a zero-sum game over limited water resources. Liberal Functionalists argue that...
Show moreWater shortage is a salient issue in the Middle East commonly overshadowed by more sensational topics such as the oil crisis and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. There is a debate among scholars as to whether water shortages in the Middle East will destabilize the region into armed conflict. Realists argue that non sustainable water sources will be the catalyst which will inevitably lead states to fight one another in a zero-sum game over limited water resources. Liberal Functionalists argue that there are precedents for multilateral cooperation and a technical approach may hold the key to providing solutions to the current water crisis. This research will examine three case studies from the Middle East region: the Jordan River Basin, the Tigris and Euphrates River Basin, and the Disi Aquifer on the border of Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Limited to a specific geographic region, these cases are indicative of water shortages that have or will become potential geostrategic centers for the water crisis.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2011
- Identifier
- CFE0003652, ucf:48824
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0003652
- Title
- WATER AND THE MOUNTAINS: MAYA WATER MANGEMENT AT CARACOL, BELIZE.
- Creator
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Crandall, James, Chase, Arlen, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Water management techniques in the Southern Maya Lowlands are both regionally diverse and site specific. This thesis examines the water management strategies of the Classic Period Maya at the site of Caracol, Belize. While it is likely that elites at Caracol controlled the redistribution of resources, i.e. craft and agricultural products, it is probable that the production of agricultural resources and the maintenance of water resource acquisition took place on a more local level. In order to...
Show moreWater management techniques in the Southern Maya Lowlands are both regionally diverse and site specific. This thesis examines the water management strategies of the Classic Period Maya at the site of Caracol, Belize. While it is likely that elites at Caracol controlled the redistribution of resources, i.e. craft and agricultural products, it is probable that the production of agricultural resources and the maintenance of water resource acquisition took place on a more local level. In order to test this hypothesis, a sample of five reservoirs were examined through original research – and situated in conjunction with past settlement studies - to determine the water storage capacity and likely function of different water management features throughout the built environment of Caracol. As a result, this thesis argues that the placement and construction of water management features - i.e., reservoirs - at the site of Caracol, Belize are indicative of specific landscape patterns which are expressed by a distinct vernacular construction style and are also a reflection of the socio-political organization present within the site during the Late Classic Period.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2009
- Identifier
- CFE0002652, ucf:48246
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002652
- Title
- Mixing effects on shallow water bodies.
- Creator
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Powell, Kim Robin, Yousef, Yousef A., Engineering
- Abstract / Description
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Florida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; This report is intended to examine the ecological changes due to mixing in shallow water bodies. Physical, chemical, and biological changes are reported in literature. A literature search revealed the range of mixing nodes or processes. Assessment of ecological changes due to mixing by boating activities had been evaluated in a research project supported by the environmental Protection Agency and conducted at Florida...
Show moreFlorida Technological University College of Engineering Thesis; This report is intended to examine the ecological changes due to mixing in shallow water bodies. Physical, chemical, and biological changes are reported in literature. A literature search revealed the range of mixing nodes or processes. Assessment of ecological changes due to mixing by boating activities had been evaluated in a research project supported by the environmental Protection Agency and conducted at Florida Technological University. The examination of changes due to mechanical mixing on lake ecology simulated in fifty-five gallon drums indicated the sensitivity of such parameters as total Kjeldahl nitrogen, conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Problems of reproducibility and simulation are inherent in transporting sediments and water samples from a natural environment to an isolated barrel test. Even though care was taken to insure similar initial conditions for all water quality parameters in all of the drums, differences were recognized. The useful information from a pilot study of this nature comes from the relative comparison of each drum before and after mechanical stirring.
Show less - Date Issued
- 1975
- Identifier
- CFR0003462, ucf:53036
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFR0003462
- Title
- Evaluation of strength and hydraulic properties of buried pipe systems used for stormwater harvesting.
- Creator
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Samson Mena, Mario, Chopra, Manoj, Wang, Dingbao, Nam, Boo Hyun, Gogo-Abite, Ikiensinma, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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Water scarcity has been identified as a global issue. Both water harvesting and an efficient water piping system are some of the important factors to meet the water demand. In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes used as an underground storage was evaluated and a Microsoft EXCEL based model was developed, called PIPE-R Model. To study the structural integrity of the pipes, laboratory and field testing were conducted. For the water harvesting, UCF Stormwater Management Academy...
Show moreWater scarcity has been identified as a global issue. Both water harvesting and an efficient water piping system are some of the important factors to meet the water demand. In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes used as an underground storage was evaluated and a Microsoft EXCEL based model was developed, called PIPE-R Model. To study the structural integrity of the pipes, laboratory and field testing were conducted. For the water harvesting, UCF Stormwater Management Academy designed an EXCEL based model to simulate the system's performance to store and redistribute water for an average year.The purpose of PIPE-R Model was to provide average yearly values such as groundwater recharge, hydrologic efficiency and make up water needed in order to guide the user in the design process. The PIPE-R Model consisted on evaluating specific pipe systems based on properties selected by the user. Input variables such as system dimensions, soil type and reuse water demand provided flexibility to the user while evaluating the system. Results of the study showed that the PIPE-R Model might be an effective tool while designing these pipe systems. A detailed example was shown to help visualize the process required to use the model. The PIPE-R model allowed the user a wide range of possibilities and obtain important performance data that will hopefully optimize the cost for its construction.For the evaluation of the structural integrity of the pipe system, laboratory testing was conducted in accordance with ASTM D2412 ? 11 (")Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading("). This method helps evaluate the structural performance based on the pipe stiffness (PS) against the standard values stated by AASHTO M252. The test procedure consisted on establishing load-deflection relationship of aivsingle pipe under parallel plate loading. However, this research project involved the analysis of bundled pipes of different sizes and levels. Thus, modifications were added to the formula in order to evaluate multiple pipes by accounting the number of pipes in contact with the loading plate. Laboratory results demonstrated that the pipes exceeded the minimum requirements stated by AASHTO M252 and that strength is decreased as the number of levels increases.In addition, field testing was conducted to study the behavior of bundle systems under the effects of dead and live loads. Three different cover configuration were studied ranging from 18 inches to 43 inches of depth. Draw-wire sensors, a type of displacement sensors, were placed inside buried housing structures to monitor deformation values experienced by the pipe bundles during the test. Average deformations founds for the cover depths of 43 in, 30 in and 18 in were 0.07 in, 0.32 in and 0.64 in, respectively. Based on these results, the field testing revealed that a minimum of 30 inches of cover is seemed to be appropriate if live loads are applicable.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2015
- Identifier
- CFE0006055, ucf:50976
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0006055
- Title
- IMPACT OF CORROSION INHIBITOR BLENDED ORTHOPHOSPHATE ON WATER QUALITY IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS.
- Creator
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Alshehri, Abdulrahman, Taylor, James, University of Central Florida
- Abstract / Description
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The impact of blended orthophosphate (BOP) inhibitor addition on the corrosion of iron, copper, and lead in drinking water distribution systems was studied under changing water quality environment. Release of iron, copper, and lead were monitored at varying inhibitor doses and changing blends of source waters (groundwater, surface water, and desalinated water). Solid corrosion products on pipe surfaces under BOP treatment were evaluated with surface characterization techniques. Performance of...
Show moreThe impact of blended orthophosphate (BOP) inhibitor addition on the corrosion of iron, copper, and lead in drinking water distribution systems was studied under changing water quality environment. Release of iron, copper, and lead were monitored at varying inhibitor doses and changing blends of source waters (groundwater, surface water, and desalinated water). Solid corrosion products on pipe surfaces under BOP treatment were evaluated with surface characterization techniques. Performance of the BOP inhibitor was compared to other corrosion control strategies. Iron scales for iron and galvanized steel coupons incubated in different blended waters in the presence of BOP inhibitor were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for surface composition. Identified iron corrosion products were ferric oxide (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hydrated ferric oxide (FeOOH), in addition to ferric phosphate (FePO4) on coupons exposed to BOP inhibitor. Variations of water quality did not significantly affect the distribution of solid iron forms on surface films. Thermodynamic modeling indicated siderite (FeCO3) was the controlling solid phase of iron release. XPS indicated addition of BOP inhibitor produced a solid phosphate film in the iron scale which could inhibit iron release. Impact of BOP, orthophosphate, and pH adjustment on iron release in a distribution system was examined. Iron release was sensitive to water quality variations (alkalinity and chloride) associated with source and blends of finished water. Finished waters with high alkalinity content (between 149 and 164 mg/L as CaCO3) consistently mitigated iron release regardless of inhibitor use. Dissolved iron constituted about 10% of total iron release. Empirical models were developed that related water quality, inhibitor type and dose to iron release. The BOP inhibitor minimized total iron release followed closely by increasing pH (between 7.9 and 8.1), while orthophosphate dose did not affect iron release. Temperature (ranged from 21.2 to 25.3) had limited influence on iron release with BOP treatment. Monitoring copper release showed that dissolved copper was the dominant form in the effluent, at about 88%. BOP inhibitor doses of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L proved beneficial in controlling copper concentrations to an average of below 0.5 mg/L. Control of copper release improved with increasing BOP dose, despite changes in alkalinity. Elevation of pH by 0.3 unit beyond pHs (between 7.9 and 8.1) resulted in noticeable decrease in copper concentrations of about 30%, but was more sensitive to higher alkalinity (146 to 151 mg/L as CaCO3) than BOP treatment. Developed empirical models confirmed the importance of BOP inhibitor dose, pH increase, and alkalinity content on copper release. Statistical comparison of the corrosion control strategies proved the advantage of BOP inhibitor, at all doses, over pH elevation in controlling copper release. The BOP inhibitor mitigated lead release below action level, and consistently outperformed pH elevation, in all water quality conditions. XPS analysis identified lead dioxide (PbO2), lead oxide (PbO), cerussite (PbCO3), and hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) as the corrosion products in the scale of lead/tin coupons exposed to BOP inhibitor. XPS and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis suggested cerussite or hydrocerussite is the controlling solid phase of lead release. Thermodynamic models for cerussite and hydrocerussite grossly over predicted actual concentrations. Solubility and equilibrium relationships suggested the possibility of a lead orthophosphate solid that would describe the effectiveness of BOP inhibitor, although no lead-phosphate solid was detected by surface analysis. BOP inhibitor appeared to have mitigated lead release by forming a surface film between lead scale and the bulk water.
Show less - Date Issued
- 2008
- Identifier
- CFE0002229, ucf:47922
- Format
- Document (PDF)
- PURL
- http://purl.flvc.org/ucf/fd/CFE0002229
